Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-l7hp2 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-29T02:06:49.590Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Radiocarbon Dating of Individual Fatty Acids as a Tool for Refining Antarctic Margin Sediment Chronologies

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  18 July 2016

Naohiko Ohkouchi*
Affiliation:
Department of Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Massachusetts 02543, USA.
Timothy I Eglinton*
Affiliation:
Department of Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Massachusetts 02543, USA.
John M Hayes
Affiliation:
Department of Marine Geology and Physics, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Massachusetts 02543, USA. Email: [email protected].
*
Corresponding author. Email: [email protected].
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

We have measured the radiocarbon contents of individual, solvent-extractable, short-chain (C14, C16, and C18) fatty acids isolated from Ross Sea surface sediments. The corresponding 14C ages are equivalent to that of the post-bomb dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) reservoir. Moreover, molecular 14C variations in surficial (upper 15 cm) sediments indicate that these compounds may prove useful for reconstructing chronologies of Antarctic margin sediments containing uncertain (and potentially variable) quantities of relict organic carbon. A preliminary molecular 14C chronology suggests that the accumulation rate of relict organic matter has not changed during the last 500 14C yr. The focus of this study is to determine the validity of compound-specific 14C analysis as a technique for reconstructing chronologies of Antarctic margin sediments.

Type
Articles
Copyright
Copyright © The Arizona Board of Regents on behalf of the University of Arizona 

References

Alley, RB, Whillans, IM. 1991. Changes in the West Antarctic Ice Sheet. Science 254:959–63.Google Scholar
Andrews, JT. 1999. Problems and possible solutions concerning radiocarbon dating of surface marine sediments, Ross Sea, Antarctica. Quaternary Research 52: 206–16.Google Scholar
Berkman, PA, Forman, SL. 1996. Pre-bomb radiocarbon and the reservoir correction for calcareous marine species in the Southern Ocean. Geophysical Research Letters 23:363–66.Google Scholar
Bond, G, Lotti, R. 1995. Iceberg discharges into the North Atlantic on millennial timescales during the last deglaciation. Science 267:1005–266.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Broecker, WS, Klas, M, Clark, E, Bonani, G, Ivy, S, Wolfli, W. 1991. The influence of CaCO3 dissolution on core-top radiocarbon ages for deep-sea sediments. Paleoceanography 6:593608.Google Scholar
Canuel, EA, Martens, CS. 1996. Reactivity of recently deposited organic matter: degradation of lipid compounds near the sediment-water interface. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 60:1793–806.Google Scholar
DeMaster, DJ, Ragueneau, O, Nittouer, CA. 1996. Preservation efficiencies and accumulation rates for biogenic silica and organic C, N, and P in high-latitude sediments: the Ross Sea. Journal of Geophysical Research 101:18501–18.Google Scholar
DiTullio, GR, Grebmeier, JM, Arrigo, KR, Lizotte, MP, Robinson, DH, Leventer, A, Barry, JP, van Woert, ML, Dunbar, RB. 2000. Rapid and early export of Phaeocystis Antarctica blooms in the Ross Sea, Antarctica. Nature 404:595–8.Google Scholar
Domack, EW, Jull, AJT, Anderson, JB, Linick, TW, Williams, CR. 1989. Application of tandem accelerator mass-spectrometer dating to late Pleistocene-Holocene sediments of the east Antarctic continental shelf. Quaternary Research 31:277–87.Google Scholar
Eglinton, G, Hamilton, RJ. 1967. Leaf epicuticular waxes. Science 156:1322–35.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Eglinton, TI, Aluwihare, LI, Bauer, JE, Druffel, ERM, McNichol, AP. 1996. Gas chromatographic isolation of individual compounds from complex matrices for radiocarbon dating. Analytical Chemistry 68:904–12.Google Scholar
Eglinton, TI, Benitez-Nelson, BC, Pearson, A, McNichol, AP, Bauer, JE, Druffel, ERM. 1997. Variability in radiocarbon ages of individual organic compounds from marine sediments. Science 277:796–9.Google Scholar
Gordon, JE, Harkness, DD. 1992. Magnitude and geographic variation of the radiocarbon content in Antarctic marine life: implications for reservoir corrections in radiocarbon dating. Quaternary Science Reviews 11:697708.Google Scholar
Harris, PT, O'Brien, PE, Sedwick, P, Truswell, EM. 1996. Late Quaternary history of sedimentation on the Mac. Robertson Shelf, east Antarctica: problems with 14C dating of marine sediment cores. Papers and Proceedings of the Royal Society of Tasmania 130:4753.Google Scholar
Harwood, JL. 1996. Recent advances in the biosynthesis of plant fatty acids. Biochemica et Biophysica Acta 1301:756.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Licht, KL, Jennings, AE, Andrews, JT, Williams, KM. 1996. Chronology of late Wisconsin ice retreat from the western Ross Sea, Antarctica. Geology 24:223–6.Google Scholar
Licht, KJ, Cunningham, WL, Andrews, JT, Domack, EW, Jennings, AE. 1998. Establishing chronologies from acid-insoluble organic 14C dates on Antarctic (Ross Sea) and Arctic (North Atlantic) marine sediments. Polar Research 17:203–16.Google Scholar
Matsumoto, G, Torii, T, Hanya, T. 1981. High abundances of long-chain normal alkanoic acids in Antarctic soil. Nature 290:688–90.Google Scholar
Mercer, JH. 1978. West Antarctic ice sheet and CO2greenhouse effect: a threat of disaster. Nature 271: 321–5.Google Scholar
Nichols, PD, Volkman, JK, Palmisano, AC, Smith, GA, White, DC. 1988. Occurrence of an isoprenoid C25 diunsaturated alkene and high neutral lipid content in Antarctic sea-ice diatom communities. Journal of Phycology 24:90–6.Google Scholar
Ohkouchi, N, Kawamura, K, Takemoto, N, Ikehara, M, Nakatsuka, T. 2000. Implications of carbon isotope ratios of C27–C33 alkanes and C37 alkenes for the sources of organic matter in the Southern Ocean surface sediments. Geophysical Research Letters 27:233–6.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Oppenheimer, M. 1998. Global warming and the stability of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet. Nature 393:325–32.Google Scholar
Pearson, A, Eglinton, TI, McNichol, AP. 2000. An organic tracer for surface ocean radiocarbon. Paleoceanography 15:541–50.Google Scholar
Petsch, ST, Eglinton, TI, Edwards, KJ. 2001. 14C dead living biomass: evidence for microbial assimilation of ancient organic carbon during shale weathering. Science 292:1127–31.Google Scholar
Pearson, A, McNichol, AP, Schneider, RJ, von Reden, KF. 1998. Microscale AMS 14C measurement at NOSAMS. Radiocarbon 40:6175.Google Scholar
Pearson, A, Eglinton, TI, McNichol, AP. 2000. An organic tracer for surface ocean radiocarbon. Paleoceanography 15:541–50.Google Scholar
Sackett, WM, Poag, CW, Eadie, BJ. 1974. Kerogen recycling in the Ross Sea, Antarctica. Science 185:1045–7.Google Scholar
Stuiver, M, Polach, HA. 1977. Discussion: reporting of 14C data. Radiocarbon 28:355–63.Google Scholar
Venkatesan, MI, Kaplan, IR. 1987. The lipid geochemistry of Antarctic marine sediments: Bransfield Strait. Marine Chemistry 21:347–75.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Volkman, JK, Barrett, SM, Blackburn, SI, Mansour, MP, Sikes, EL, Gelin, F. 1998. Microalgal biomarkers: a review of recent research developments. Organic Geochemistry 29:1163–79.Google Scholar