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New Evidence of Human Activities During the Holocene in the Lowland Forests of the Northern Congo Basin

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  26 July 2016

Julie Morin-Rivat ,
Adeline Fayolle ,
Jean-François Gillet ,
Nils Bourland ,
Sylvie Gourlet-Fleury ,
Richard Oslisly ,
Laurent Bremond ,
Ilham Bentaleb ,
Hans Beeckman  and
Jean-Louis Doucet
Julie Morin-Rivat*
Affiliation:
Unité de Gestion des Ressources Forestières et des Milieux Naturels, Laboratoire de Foresterie des Régions Tropicales et Subtropicales, Université de Liège, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Gembloux, Belgium Service of Wood Biology, Royal Museum for Central Africa, Tervuren, Belgium
Adeline Fayolle
Affiliation:
Unité de Gestion des Ressources Forestières et des Milieux Naturels, Laboratoire de Foresterie des Régions Tropicales et Subtropicales, Université de Liège, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Gembloux, Belgium
Jean-François Gillet
Affiliation:
Unité de Gestion des Ressources Forestières et des Milieux Naturels, Laboratoire de Foresterie des Régions Tropicales et Subtropicales, Université de Liège, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Gembloux, Belgium
Nils Bourland
Affiliation:
Unité de Gestion des Ressources Forestières et des Milieux Naturels, Laboratoire de Foresterie des Régions Tropicales et Subtropicales, Université de Liège, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Gembloux, Belgium Service of Wood Biology, Royal Museum for Central Africa, Tervuren, Belgium
Sylvie Gourlet-Fleury
Affiliation:
UPR BSEF, CIRAD, Campus International de Baillarguet, F-34398 Montpellier, France
Richard Oslisly
Affiliation:
IRD, UMR 208-IRD/MNHN, Patrimoines locaux, Agence Nationale des Parcs Nationaux, Libreville, Gabon
Laurent Bremond
Affiliation:
CBAE, Centre de Bioarchéologie et d'écologie, UMR 5059-CNRS-EPHE-INRAP-UM2, Montpellier, France
Ilham Bentaleb
Affiliation:
ISEM, Institut des Sciences de l'évolution, UMR 5554-CNRS, Université Montpellier II, Montpellier, France
Hans Beeckman
Affiliation:
Service of Wood Biology, Royal Museum for Central Africa, Tervuren, Belgium
Jean-Louis Doucet
Affiliation:
Unité de Gestion des Ressources Forestières et des Milieux Naturels, Laboratoire de Foresterie des Régions Tropicales et Subtropicales, Université de Liège, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Gembloux, Belgium
*
3. Corresponding author. Email: [email protected].
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Abstract

In the last decade, the myth of the pristine tropical forest has been seriously challenged. In central Africa, there is a growing body of evidence for past human settlements along the Atlantic forests, but very little information is available about human activities further inland. Therefore, this study aimed at determining the temporal and spatial patterns of human activities in an archaeologically unexplored area of 110,000 km2 located in the northern Congo Basin and currently covered by dense forest. Fieldwork involving archaeology as well as archaeobotany was undertaken in 36 sites located in southeastern Cameroon and in the northern Republic of Congo. Evidence of past human activities through either artifacts or charred botanical remains was observed in all excavated test pits across the study area. The set of 43 radiocarbon dates extending from 15,000 BP to the present time showed a bimodal distribution in the Late Holocene, which was interpreted as two phases of human expansion with an intermediate phase of depopulation. The 2300–1300 BP phase is correlated with the migrations of supposed farming populations from northwestern Cameroon. Between 1300 and 670 BP, less material could be dated. This is in agreement with the population collapse already reported for central Africa. Following this, the 670–20 BP phase corresponds to a new period of human expansion known as the Late Iron Age. These results bring new and extensive evidence of human activities in the northern Congo Basin and support the established chronology for human history in central Africa.

Type
Articles
Information
Radiocarbon , Volume 56 , Issue 1 , 2014 , pp. 209 - 220
Copyright
Copyright © 2014 by the Arizona Board of Regents on behalf of the University of Arizona 

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