Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-2brh9 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-25T06:26:07.677Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

AMS Radiocarbon Measurements from the Swedish Varved Clays

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  18 July 2016

Barbara Wohlfarth  and
Göran Possnert
Barbara Wohlfarth
Affiliation:
Department of Quaternary Geology, Lund University, Tornavägen 13, SE-22363 Lund, Sweden. Email: [email protected]
Göran Possnert
Affiliation:
Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 534, SE-75121 Uppsala, Sweden
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

The Swedish varve chronology, or Swedish Time Scale, is an annual chronology based upon the successive correlation of more than 1000 varve-thickness diagrams. The Late Glacial-Early Holocene varved clays were deposited as glaciolacustrine sediments in the Baltic Sea during the recession of the Scandinavian ice sheet. Formation of varved clays continued throughout the Holocene and is still going on in the estuary of River ångermanälven in northern Sweden. Accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) radiocarbon measurements, which have been performed on terrestrial plant macrofossils extracted from the varved clays, show—in comparison with other annual chronologies—that several hundreds of varve years are missing in the varve chronology. These findings are supported by, among others, pollen stratigraphic investigations on time-equivalent varve year intervals. If an effort were undertaken to evaluate the erroneous parts, the Swedish Time Scale would have the potential of becoming a continuous annual chronology.

Type
Varve Chronologies
Information
Radiocarbon , Volume 42 , Issue 3 , 2000 , pp. 323 - 333
Copyright
Copyright © 2000 The Arizona Board of Regents on behalf of the University of Arizona 

References

Alley, RB, Shuman, CA, Meese, DA, Gow, AJ, Taylor, KC, Cuffey, KM, Fitzpatrick, JJ, Grootes, PM, Zielinski, GA, Ram, M, Spinelli, G, Elder, B. 1997. Visual-stratigraphic dating of the GISP2 core: basis, reproducibility, and application. Journal of Geophysical Research 102(C12):26,370–81.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Andrén, T. The last Weichselian deglaciation of the Bothnian Bay, northern Scandinavia. Boreas. Forthcoming.Google Scholar
Andrén, T, Björck, J, Johnsen, S. 1999. Correlation of the Swedish glacial varves with the Greenland (GRIP) oxygen isotope stratigraphy. Journal of Quaternary Science 14:361–71.3.0.CO;2-R>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bergström, R. 1968. Stratigrafi och isrecession i södra Västerbotten. Sveriges Geologiska Undersökning C634:1–76.Google Scholar
Björck, J. 1999. Event stratigraphy for the Last Glacial-Holocene transition in eastern middle Sweden. Quaternaria, Series A, Nr 6:1–48.Google Scholar
Björck, J. 2000. The Alleröd-Younger Dryas pollen zone boundary in an 800 year varve chronology from southeastern Sweden. GFF. Forthcoming.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Björck, J, Possnert, G, Schoning, K. Early Holocene deglaciation chronology in Västergötland and Närke, Sweden—biostratigraphy, clay varve, 14C and calendar year chronology. Quaternary Science Reviews. Forthcoming.Google Scholar
Björck, S. 1981. A stratigraphic study of Late Weichselian deglaciation, shore displacement and vegetation history in south-eastern Sweden. Fossils and Strata 14:1–93.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Björck, S, Cato, I, Brunnberg, L, Strömberg, B. 1992. The clay-varve based Swedish Time Scale and its relation to the Late Weichselian radiocarbon chronology. In: Bard, E, Broecker, WS, editors. The last deglaciation: absolute and radiocarbon chronologies. NATO ASI Series I, Volume 2. Berlin: Springer Verlag. p 25–44.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Björck, S, Kromer, B, Johnsen, S, Bennike, O, Hammarlund, D, Lemdahl, G, Possnert, G, Rasmussen, TL, Wohlfarth, B, Hammer, CU, Spurk, M. 1996. Synchronized terrestrial-atmospheric deglacial records around the North Atlantic. Science 274:1155–60.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Björck, S and Möller, P. 1987. Late Weichselian environmental history in southeastern Sweden during the deglaciation of the Scandinavian ice sheet. Quaternary Research 28:1–37.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Björck, S, Walker, MJC, Cwynar, LC, Johnsen, S, Knudsen, K-L, Lowe, JJ, Wohlfarth, B, INTIMATE members. 1998. An event stratigraphy for the Last Termination in the North Atlantic region based on the Greenland ice-core record: a proposal by the INTIMATE group. Journal of Quaternary Science 13:283–92.3.0.CO;2-A>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brunnberg, L. 1995. Clay-varve chronology and deglaciation during the Younger Dryas and Preboreal in the easternmost part of the Middle Swedish Ice Marginal Zone. Quaternaria, Series A, 2:3–94.Google Scholar
Cato, I. 1987. On the definitive connection of the Swedish Time Scale with the present. Sveriges Geologiska Undersökning Ca68:1–55.Google Scholar
Cato, I. 1998. Ragnar Liden's postglacial varve chronology from the Ångermanälven valley, northern Sweden. Research Papers SGU series Ca88:1–82.Google Scholar
de Geer, G. 1912. A geochronology of the last 12,000 years. Congrès de Geologie International, Comptes Rendues. p 241–253.Google Scholar
de Geer, G. 1940. Geochronologia Suecica, principles. Kungliga Svenska Vetenskapsakademiens Handlingar 18:1–367.Google Scholar
Goslar, T, Arnold, M, Bard, E, Kuc, T, Pazdur, M F, Ralska-Jasiewiczowa, M, Rozanski, K, Tisnerat, N, Walanus, A, Wicik, B, Wieckowski, K. 1995. High concentration of atmospheric 14C during the Younger Dryas cold episode. Nature 377:414–7.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Goslar, T, Wohlfarth, B, Björck, S, Possnert, G, Björck, J. 1999. Variations of atmospheric 14C concentrations over the Alleröd-Younger Dryas transition. Climate Dynamics 15:29–42.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Holmquist, B, Wohlfarth, B. 1997. An evaluation of the Late Weichselian Swedish varve chronology based on cross-correlation analysis. GFF 120:35–46.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hörnsten, Å, Olsson, I. 1964. En C14 -datering av glaciallera från Lugnvik, Ångermanland. Geologiska Föreningens i Stockholm Förhandlingar 86:206–10.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ising, J. 1998. Late Weichselian pollen stratigraphy, clay-varve chronology, radiocarbon chronology and palaeomagnetic secular variations at Farslycke, Blekinge, southern Sweden. GFF 120:321–32.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kitagawa, H, van der Plicht, J. 1998. A 40,000-year varve chronology from Lake Suigetsu, Japan: extension of the radiocarbon calibration curve. Radiocarbon 40(1): 505–15.Google Scholar
Kristiansson, J. 1986. The ice recession in the southeastern part of Sweden. A varve-chronological time scale for the latest part of the Late Weichselian. University of Stockholm, Department of Quaternary Research report 7:1–132.Google Scholar
Lidén, R. 1913. Geokronologiska Studier öfver det Finiglaciala Skedet i Ångermanland. Sveriges Geologiska Undersökning 9:1–39.Google Scholar
Olsson, I, editor. 1970. Radiocarbon variations and absolute chronology. Stockholm: Almqvist & Wiksell. p 1–230.Google Scholar
Possnert, G. 1990. Radiocarbon dating by the accelerator technique. Norwegian Archaeological Review 23:30–7.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ramsey, BC. 1999. OxCal Program version 3.3.Google Scholar
Ringberg, B. 1991. Late Weichselian clay varve chronology and glaciolacustrine environment during deglaciation in southeastern Sweden. Sveriges Geologiska Undersökning 79:1–42.Google Scholar
Ringberg, B, Rudmark, L. 1985. Varve chronology based upon glacial sediments in the area between Karlskrona and Kalmar, southeastern Sweden. Boreas 14:107–10.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Strömberg, B. 1983. The Swedish varve chronology. In: Ehlers, J, editor. Glacial deposits in northwest Europe. Rotterdam: Balkema. p 97–105.Google Scholar
Strömberg, B. 1985a. New varve measurements in Västergötland, Sweden. Boreas 14:111–5.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Strömberg, B. 1985b. Revision of the lateglacial Swedish varve chronology. Boreas 14:101–5.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Strömberg, B. 1989. Late Weichselian deglaciation and clay varve chronology in east-central Sweden. Sveriges Geologiska Undersökning Ca73:1–70.Google Scholar
Strömberg, B. 1994. Younger Dryas deglaciation at Mt. Billingen, and clay varve dating of the Younger Dryas/Preboreal transition. Boreas 23:177–93.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stuiver, M, Reimer, PJ, Bard, E, Beck, JW, Burr, GS, Hughen, KA, Kromer, B, McCormac, G, van der Plicht, J, Spurk, M. 1998. INTCAL98 radiocarbon age calibration, 24,000–0 cal BP Radiocarbon 40(3):1041–83.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vogel, JS, Southon, JR, Nelson, DE, Brown, TA. 1984. Performance of catalytically condensed carbon for use in accelerator mass spectrometry. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research B5:289–93.Google Scholar
Walker, MJC, Björck, S, Lowe, JJ, Cwynar, LC, Johnsen, S, Knudsen, K-L, Wohlfarth, B, INTIMATE group. 1999. Isotopic “events” in the GRIP ice core: a stratotype for the Late Pleistocene. Quaternary Science Reviews 18: 1143–50.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wohlfarth, B. 1996. The chronology of the Last Termination: a review of high-resolution terrestrial stratigraphies. Quaternary Science Reviews 15:267–84.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wohlfarth, B, Björck, S, Cato, I, Possnert, G. 1997. A new middle Holocene varve diagram from river Ångermanälven, Northern Sweden: indications for a possible error in the Holocene varve chronology. Boreas 4: 347–54.Google Scholar
Wohlfarth, B, Björck, S, Lemdahl, G, Ising, J. 1994. Ice recession and depositional environment in the Blekinge archipelago of the Baltic Ice Lake. GFF 116:3–12.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wohlfarth, B, Björck, S, Possnert, G. 1995. The Swedish Time Scale—a potential calibration tool for the radiocarbon time scale during the Late Weichselian. Radiocarbon 37(2):347–60.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wohlfarth, B, Björck, S, Possnert, G, Holmquist, B. 1998a. A 800-year long, radiocarbon-dated varve chronology from south-eastern Sweden. Boreas 27:243–57.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wohlfarth, B, Björck, S, Possnert, G, Lemdahl, G, Brunnberg, L, Ising, J, Olsson, S, Svensson, N-O. 1993. AMS dating Swedish varved clays of the last glacial/interglacial transition and the potential/difficulties of calibrating Late Weichselian “absolute” chronologies. Boreas 22:113–28.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wohlfarth, B, Possnert, G, Skog, G, Holmquist, B. 1998b. Pitfalls in the AMS radiocarbon-dating of terrestrial macrofossils. Journal of Quaternary Science 13:137–45.3.0.CO;2-6>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zeuner, FE. 1950. Dating the past. London: Methuen & Co. Ltd. 474 p.Google ScholarPubMed