Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-ndw9j Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-19T04:16:05.770Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Alternative Methods for Cellulose Preparation for AMS Measurement

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  18 July 2016

Mojmír Němec ,
Lukas Wacker ,
Irka Hajdas  and
Heinz Gäggeler
Mojmír Němec*
Affiliation:
Department for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Universität Bern, Freiestrasse 3, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland Laboratory of Ion Beam Physics, HPK, Schafmattstrasse 20, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland Department of Nuclear Chemistry, Czech Technical University in Prague, Brehova 7, 115 19 Prague 1, Czech Republic
Lukas Wacker
Affiliation:
Laboratory of Ion Beam Physics, HPK, Schafmattstrasse 20, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
Irka Hajdas
Affiliation:
Laboratory of Ion Beam Physics, HPK, Schafmattstrasse 20, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
Heinz Gäggeler
Affiliation:
Department for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Universität Bern, Freiestrasse 3, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
*
Corresponding author. Email: [email protected]
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

The main methods applied to clean plant material for radiocarbon dating are not compound-specific and generally remove only the easily exchangeable components by an acid-base-acid sequence and additional optional steps like Soxhlet extraction to remove resins and oxidative bleaching with NaClO2. The products are normally clean enough for standard 14C measurement, but in some cases it is desirable to have pure cellulose, which remains unchanged and immobile over longer time ranges, better representing the original plant material. In this work, 2 more compound-specific but still simple methods were tested to separate the cellulose from wood. The viscose method is based on the xanthification process used in the textile industry, where the alkali-cellulose with CS2 forms a soluble cellulose xanthate, which is then extracted and cellulose is recovered. The second procedure is based on the wood/cellulose dissolution in ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride [BMIM]Cl, when the dissolved cellulose could be precipitated again by simply adding a water-acetone mixture. This process was recently reported, but still not used in sample preparation procedures for 14C dating.

Type
Sample Preparation
Information
Radiocarbon , Volume 52 , Issue 3: 20th Int. Radiocarbon Conference Proceedings , 2010 , pp. 1358 - 1370
Copyright
Copyright © 2010 by the Arizona Board of Regents on behalf of the University of Arizona 

References

Anchukaitis, KJ, Evans, MN, Lange, T, Smith, DR, Leavitt, SW, Schrag, DP. 2008. Consequences of a rapid cellulose extraction technique for oxygen isotope and radiocarbon analyses. Analytical Chemistry 80(6):2035–41.Google Scholar
Brendel, O, Iannetta, PPM, Stewart, D. 2000. A rapid and simple method to isolate pure alpha-cellulose. Phytochemical Analysis 11(1):7–10.Google Scholar
Cuissinat, C, Navard, P, Heinze, T. 2008a. Swelling and dissolution of cellulose, part V: cellulose derivatives fibres in aqueous systems and ionic liquids. Cellulose 15(1):75–80.Google Scholar
Cuissinat, C, Navard, P, Heinze, T. 2008b. Swelling and dissolution of cellulose. Part IV: free floating cotton and wood fibres in ionic liquids. Carbohydrate Polymers 72(4):590–6.Google Scholar
Domańska, U, Bogel-Łukasik, E. 2004. Solid-liquid equilibria for systems containing 1–butyl-3–methylimidazolium chloride. Fluid Phase Equilibria 218(1):123–9.Google Scholar
Fort, DA, Remsing, RC, Swatloski, RP, Moyna, P, Moyna, G, Rogers, RD. 2007. Can ionic liquids dissolve wood? Processing and analysis of lignocellulosic materials with 1-n-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride. Green Chemistry 9(1):63–9.Google Scholar
Gaudinski, JB, Dawson, TE, Quideau, S, Schuur, EAG, Roden, JS, Trumbore, SE, Sandquist, DR, Oh, SW, Wasylishen, RE. 2005. Comparative analysis of cellulose preparation techniques for use with 13C, 14C, and 18O isotopic measurements. Analytical Chemistry 77(22):7212–24.Google Scholar
Kilpeläinen, I, Xie, H, King, A, Granstrom, M, Heikkinen, S, Argyropoulos, DS. 2007. Dissolution of wood in ionic liquids. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 55(22):9142–8.Google Scholar
Kosan, B, Michels, C, Meister, F. 2008. Dissolution and forming of cellulose with ionic liquids. Cellulose 15(1):59–66.Google Scholar
Lazurina, LP, Rogovin, ZA. 1980. NaOH concentration of the steeping liquor as a factor in the solubility of the cellulose xanthate and the properties of the regenerated cellulose. Fibre Chemistry 12(1):21–3.Google Scholar
Leavitt, SW, Danzer, SR. 1993. Method for batch processing small wood samples to holocellulose for stable-carbon isotope analysis. Analytical Chemistry 65(1):87–9.Google Scholar
Loader, NJ, Robertson, I, Barker, AC, Switsur, VR, Waterhouse, JS. 1997. An improved technique for the batch processing of small wholewood samples to α-cellulose. Chemical Geology 136(3):313–7.Google Scholar
Mikkola, JP, Kirilin, A, Tuuf, JC, Pranovich, A, Holmbom, B, Kustov, LM, Murzin, DY, Salmi, T. 2007. Ultrasound enhancement of cellulose processing in ionic liquids: from dissolution towards functionalization. Green Chemistry 9(11):1229–37.Google Scholar
Miller, RB. 1999. Structure of wood. In: Wood Handbook: Wood as an Engineering Material. Madison, Wisconsin, USA: USDA Forest Service. General technical report FPL; GTR-113. p 2.1–2.4.Google Scholar
Novoselov, NP, Sashina, ES, Kuz'mina, OG, Troshenkova, SV. 2007. Ionic liquids and their use for the dissolution of natural polymers. Russian Journal of General Chemistry 77(8):1395–405.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Remsing, RC, Swatloski, RP, Rogers, RD, Moyna, G. 2006. Mechanism of cellulose dissolution in the ionic liquid 1-n-butyl-3–methylimidazolium chloride: a 13C and 35/37Cl NMR relaxation study on model systems. Chemical Communications 12:1271–3.Google Scholar
Swatloski, RP, Spear, SK, Holbrey, JD, Rogers, RD. 2002. Dissolution of cellulose with ionic liquids. Journal of the American Chemical Society 124(18):4974–5.Google Scholar
Synal, H-A, Stocker, M, Suter, M. 2007. MICADAS: a new compact radiocarbon AMS system. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research B 259(1):7–13.Google Scholar
Wacker, L, Němec, M, Bourquin, J. 2010a. A revolutionary graphitisation system: fully automated, compact and simple. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research B 268(7–8):931–4.Google Scholar
Wacker, L, Bonani, G, Friedrich, M, Hajdas, I, Kromer, B, Němec, M, Ruff, M, Suter, M, Synal, H-A. 2010b. MICADAS: routine and high-precision radiocarbon dating. Radiocarbon 52(2–3):252–62.Google Scholar
Walker, JCF. 2006. Chapter 2: Basic wood chemistry and cell wall ultrastructure. In: Walker, JCG. Primary Wood Processing: Principles and Practice. Dordrecht: Springer. p 23–68.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Willauer, HD, Huddleston, JG, Li, M, Rogers, RD. 2000. Investigation of aqueous biphasic systems for the separation of lignins from cellulose in the paper pulping process. Journal of Chromatography B 743(1–2):127–35.Google Scholar
Yan, LF, Gao, ZJ. 2008. Dissolving of cellulose in PEG/NaOH aqueous solution. Cellulose 15(6):789–96.Google Scholar
Zhang, MM, Kamavaram, V, Reddy, RG. 2005. Thermodynamic properties of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (C4mim[CI]) ionic liquid. Journal of Phase Equilibria and Diffusion 26(2):124–30.Google Scholar