Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-2brh9 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-25T07:34:33.669Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

14C Calibration in the 2nd and 1st Millennia BC—Eastern Mediterranean Radiocarbon Comparison Project (EMRCP)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  18 July 2016

Bernd Kromer ,
Sturt W Manning ,
Michael Friedrich ,
Sahra Talamo  and
Nicole Trano
Bernd Kromer*
Affiliation:
Heidelberg Academy of Sciences, Heidelberg, Germany
Sturt W Manning
Affiliation:
Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
Michael Friedrich
Affiliation:
Heidelberg Academy of Sciences, Heidelberg, Germany Universität Hohenheim, Hohenheim, Germany
Sahra Talamo
Affiliation:
Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
Nicole Trano
Affiliation:
Heidelberg Academy of Sciences, Heidelberg, Germany
*
Corresponding author. Email: [email protected].
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

We have measured additional known-age German oak samples in 4 intervals in the 2nd and 1st millennia BC to add to (and to replicate) parts of the international Northern Hemisphere radiocarbon calibration data set. In the 17th, 16th, and 12th centuries BC, our results agree well with IntCal04. In the 14th and 13th centuries BC, however, we observe a significant offset, with our results on average 27 yr older than IntCal04. The previously reported 14C offset between Anatolian juniper trees and central European oaks in the 9th and 8th centuries BC is smaller now, on the basis of our new measurements of German oak, but still evident. In the 17th and 16th centuries BC, the 14C ages from the Anatolian chronology agree well with IntCal04 and our new German oak data.

Type
Calibration, Data Analysis, and Statistical Methods
Information
Radiocarbon , Volume 52 , Issue 3: 20th Int. Radiocarbon Conference Proceedings , 2010 , pp. 875 - 886
Copyright
Copyright © 2010 by the Arizona Board of Regents on behalf of the University of Arizona 

References

Bannister, B. 1970. Dendrochronology in the Near East: current research and future potentialities. Proceedings of the 7th International Congress of Anthropological and Ethnological Sciences, Moscow 1964. Volume 5. p 336–40.Google Scholar
Bietak, M. 2003. Science versus archaeology: problems and consequences of high Aegean chronology. In: Bietak, M, editor. The Synchronisation of Civilisations in the Eastern Mediterranean in the Second Millennium B. C. II. Proceedings of the SCIEM 2000—EuroConference. 2–7 May 2001. Vienna: Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften. p 11–23.Google Scholar
Bronk Ramsey, C, Manning, SW, Galimberti, M. 2004. Dating the volcanic eruption at Thera. Radiocarbon 46(1):325–44.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bruins, HJ, van der Plicht, J, MacGillivray, JA. 2009. The Minoan Santorini eruption and tsunami deposits in Palaikastro (Crete): dating by geology, archaeology, 14C, and Egyptian chronology. Radiocarbon 51(2):397–411.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Buck, CE, Blackwell, PG. 2004. Formal statistical models for estimating radiocarbon calibration curves. Radiocarbon 46(3):1093–102.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Friedrich, M, Remmele, S, Kromer, B, Hofmann, J, Spurk, M, Hurni, J-P, Kaiser, KF, Orcel, C, Küppers, M. 2004. The 12,460-year Hohenheim oak and pine tree-ring chronology from central Europe—a unique annual record for radiocarbon calibration and paleoenvironment reconstructions. Radiocarbon 46(3):1111–22.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Keenan, DJ. 2002. Why early-historical radiocarbon dates downwind from the Mediterranean are too early. Radiocarbon 44(1):225–37.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kromer, B, Münnich, K-O. 1992. CO2 gas proportional counting in radiocarbon dating—review and perspective. In: Taylor, RE, Long, A, Kra, RS, editors. Radiocarbon After Four Decades. New York: Springer-Verlag. p 184–97.Google Scholar
Kromer, B, Manning, SW, Kuniholm, PI, Newton, MW, Spurk, M, Levin, I. 2001. Regional 14CO2 offsets in the troposphere: magnitude, mechanisms, and consequences. Science 294(5551):2529–32.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kuniholm, PI. 1977. Dendrochronology at Gordion and on the Anatolian Plateau [PhD dissertation]. University of Pennsylvania.Google Scholar
Kuniholm, PI, Newton, MW. 2011. Dendrochronology at Gordion. In: Rose, CB, Darbyshire, G, editors. The Chronology of Iron Age Gordion. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology.Google Scholar
Kuniholm, PI, Kromer, B, Manning, SW, Newton, M, Latini, CE, Bruce, MJ. 1996. Anatolian tree rings and the absolute chronology of the eastern Mediterranean, 2220–718 BC. Nature 381(6585):780–3.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Levin, I, Naegler, T, Kromer, B, Diehl, M, Francey, R, Gomez-Pelaez, AJ, Steele, LP, Wagenbach, D, Welle, R, Worthy, DE. 2009. Observations and modelling of the global distribution and long-term trend of atmospheric 14CO2 . Tellus B 62(1):26–46.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Manning, SW. 1999. A Test of Time: The Volcano of Thera and the Chronology and History of the Aegean and East Mediterranean in the Mid Second Millennium BC. Oxford: Oxbow Books.Google Scholar
Manning, SW, Kromer, B. n.d. Radiocarbon dating archaeological samples in the Eastern Mediterranean 1730–1480 BC: further exploring the atmospheric radiocarbon calibration record and the archaeological implications. Archaeometry. In press.Google Scholar
Manning, SW, Kromer, B. 2011. Radiocarbon dating Iron Age Gordion, and the Early Phrygian destruction in particular. In: Rose, CB, Darbyshire, G, editors. The Chronology of Iron Age Gordion. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology.Google Scholar
Manning, SW, Kromer, B, Kuniholm, PI, Newton, MW. 2001. Anatolian tree rings and a new chronology for the east Mediterranean Bronze-Iron Ages. Science 294(5551):2532–5.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Manning, SW, Kromer, B, Kuniholm, PI, Newton, MW. 2003. Confirmation of near-absolute dating of east Mediterranean Bronze-Iron dendrochronology. Antiquity 77(295): http://antiquity.ac.uk/projgall/Manning/manning.html.Google Scholar
Manning, SW, Kromer, B, Talamo, S, Friedrich, M, Kuniholm, PI, Newton, MW. 2005. Radiocarbon calibration in the East Mediterranean region. In: Levy, TE, Higham, T, editors. The Bible and Radiocarbon Dating: Archaeology, Text and Science. London: Equinox. p 95–103.Google Scholar
Manning, SW, Bronk Ramsey, C, Kutschera, W, Higham, T, Kromer, B, Steier, P, Wild, EM. 2006. Chronology for the Aegean Late Bronze Age 1700–1400 B.C. Science 312(5773):565–9.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Manning, SW, Bronk Ramsey, C, Kutschera, W, Higham, T, Kromer, B, Steier, P, Wild, EM. 2009. Dating the Santorini/Thera eruption by radiocarbon: further discussion (AD 2006–2007). In: Manning, SW, Bruce, MJ, editors. Tree-Rings, Kings, and Old World Archaeology and Environment: Papers Presented in Honor of Peter Ian Kuniholm. Oxford: Oxbow Books. p 299–316.Google Scholar
Manning, SW, Kromer, B, Bronk Ramsey, C, Pearson, CL, Talamo, S, Trano, N, Watkins, JD. 14C record and wiggle-match placement for the Anatolian (Gordion area) juniper tree-ring chronology ∼1729 to 751 cal BC, and typical Aegean/Anatolian (growing season related) regional 14C offset assessment. Radiocarbon. In press.Google Scholar
Newton, MW, Kuniholm, PI. 2004. A dendrochronological framework for the Assyrian colony period in Asia Minor. Türkiye Bilimler Akademisi Arkeoloji Dergisi 7:165–76.Google Scholar
Pearson, GW, Stuiver, M. 1986. High-precision calibration of the radiocarbon time scale, 500–2500 BC. Radiocarbon 28(2B):839–62.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pearson, GW, Stuiver, M. 1993. High-precision bidecadal calibration of the radiocarbon time scale, 500–2500 BC. Radiocarbon 35(1):25–33.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Reimer, PJ, Baillie, MGL, Bard, E, Bayliss, A, Beck, JW, Bertrand, CJH, Blackwell, PG, Buck, CE, Burr, GS, Cutler, KB, Damon, PE, Edwards, RL, Fairbanks, RG, Friedrich, M, Guilderson, TP, Hogg, AG, Hughen, KA, Kromer, B, McCormac, G, Manning, S, Bronk Ramsey, C, Reimer, RW, Remmele, S, Southon, JR, Stuiver, M, Talamo, S, Taylor, FW, van der Plicht, J, Weyhenmeyer, CE. 2004. IntCal04 terrestrial radiocarbon age calibration, 0–26 cal kyr BP. Radiocarbon 46(3):1029–58.Google Scholar
Stuiver, M, Becker, B. 1986. High-precision decadal calibration of the radiocarbon time scale, AD 1950–2500 BC. Radiocarbon 28(2B):863–910.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stuiver, M, Becker, B. 1993. High-precision decadal calibration of the radiocarbon time scale, AD 1950–6000 BC. Radiocarbon 35(1):35–65.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stuiver, M, Reimer, PJ, Braziunas, TF. 1998. High-precision radiocarbon age calibration for terrestrial and marine samples. Radiocarbon 40(3):1127–51.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wiener, MH. 2003. Time out: the current impasse in Bronze Age archaeological dating. In: Foster, KP, Laffineur, R, editors. Metron: Measuring the Aegean Bronze Age. Aegaeum 24. Service d'histoire de l'art et d'archeìologie de la Greìce antique. Liège and Austin. p 363–99.Google Scholar