Hostname: page-component-745bb68f8f-f46jp Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2025-01-08T01:02:18.627Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

14C Absolute Chronology of Pyramid III and the Dynastic Model at Pachacamac, Peru

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  18 July 2016

Adam Michczyński ,
Peter Eeckhout  and
Anna Pazdur
Adam Michczyński*
Affiliation:
Institute of Physics, Department of Radioisotopes, Silesian University of Technology, Krzywoustego 2, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland.
Peter Eeckhout
Affiliation:
Faculté de Philosophie and Lettres, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Av. F. Roosevelt 50, 1050 Brussels, Belgium. Email: [email protected].
Anna Pazdur
Affiliation:
Institute of Physics, Department of Radioisotopes, Silesian University of Technology, Krzywoustego 2, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland. Email: [email protected].
*
Corresponding author. Email: [email protected].
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

Pachacamac, covering an area of about 600 hectares (ha) near the Pacific shore, is one of the largest and most important archaeological sites in Peru. Most of the monumental adobe-made buildings of the later pre-Inca period (or Late Intermediate Period, about 10th–15th century AD) are so-called pyramids with ramps (the role of the ramps has been interpreted in different ways). Precise dating of the pyramids appears as a crucial step in defining the functions of Pachacamac in pre-Inca times. In this paper, we present the results obtained from 3 field campaigns at Pyramid III, one of the biggest buildings of the site. A total of 24 radiocarbon datasets from 4 different laboratories will help us to place the various steps of development of Pyramid III on a timescale, defined on the basis of the excavations. More absolute dates are available from another pyramid with ramps, which allow us to make comparisons and propose a new model of interpretation for the Pachacamac site during the Late Intermediate Period (LIP).

Type
Archaeology
Information
Radiocarbon , Volume 45 , Issue 1 , 2003 , pp. 59 - 73
Copyright
Copyright © The Arizona Board of Regents on behalf of the University of Arizona 

References

Agurto, Calvo S. 1984. Lima Prehispanica. Lima: Municipalidad de Lima Metropolitana.Google Scholar
Bueno, Mendoza A. 1974–75. Cajamarquilla y Pachacamac: dos ciudades de la costa central del Perú. Boletín Bibliográfico de Antropología Americana Volume XXXVII(46):171–211.Google Scholar
Bueno, Mendoza A. 1982. El antiguo valle de Pachacamac: espacio, tiempo y cultura. Lima: Editorial de Los Pinos.Google Scholar
Burger, RL. 1988. Unity and heterogeneity within the Chavín Horizon. In: Keatinge, R, editor. Peruvian Prehistory. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p 99–144.Google Scholar
Cieza de León, P. 1994. [1551] Crónica del Perú, primera parte. Lima: Pontifica Universidad Católica del Perú-Academia Nacional de la Historia.Google Scholar
Cobo, FB. 1956. [1653] Historia del Nuevo Mundo. Biblioteca de Autores Espanoles. Madrid: Ediciones Atlas. p 41–42.Google Scholar
Conrad, GW. 1981. Cultural materialism, split inheritance, and the expansion of ancient Peruvian empires. American Antiquity 46:3–26.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Eeckhout, P. 1999a. Pachacamac durant l'Intermédiaire récent. Etude d'un site monumental préhispanique de la Côte centrale du Pérou. British Archaeological Reports. International Series 747. Oxford: Hadrian Books Ltd.Google Scholar
Eeckhout, P. 1999b. Pirámide con rampa no III, Pachacámac. Nuevos datos, nuevas perspectivas. Boletín del Instituto Frances de Estudios Andinos 28(2):169–214.Google Scholar
Eeckhout, P. 1999–2000. The palaces of the lords of Ychsma. An archaeological reappraisal of the function of pyramids with ramps at Pachacamac, central coast of Peru. Journal of American Archaeology 17-18-19: 217–54.Google Scholar
Eeckhout, P. 2000a. Pachacamac and the pyramids with ramps. Prehispanic monuments and models on the central coast of Peru. Paper presented at The Fifth Symposium of the Saintsbury Research Unit for the Arts of Africa, Oceania and the Americas. Norwich: Recent Research on the Americas, University of East Anglia.Google Scholar
Eeckhout, P. 2000b. Investigaciones arqueológicas en la Pirámide con rampa no III de Pachacamac, costa central del Perú. Estudios Latinoamericanos 20:19–40.Google Scholar
Eeckhout, P. 2001. La temporada 1999 de excavaciones en Pachacamac. Paper presented at The 66th Annual Meeting of the Society for American Archaeology, New Orleans.Google Scholar
Franco Jordan, R. 1998. La Pirámide con Rampa no2 de Pachacamac. Excavaciones y Nuevas Interpretaciones. Trujillo: Universidad Nacional de Trujillo, Peru.Google Scholar
Goslar, T, Czernik, J. 2000. Sample preparation in the Gliwice radiocarbon laboratory for AMS 14C dating of sediments. Geochronometria 18:1–8.Google Scholar
Hyslop, J. 1990. Inca settlement planning. Austin: University of Texas Press.Google Scholar
Jiménez Borja, A. 1962–63. El conjunto arqueológico de Pachacámac. In: Jiménez Borja, A, editor. Informe sobre los Sitios Arqueológicos de Lima. Lima: Junta Deliberante: 27–32.Google Scholar
Jiménez Borja, A, Bueno Mendoza, A. 1970. Breves notas acerca de Pachacámac. Arqueología y Sociedad 4. Lima: Museo de Arqueología y Etnología de la Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos. p 13–25.Google Scholar
Jiménez Borja, A. 1985. Pachacámac. Boletín de Lima 38: 40–54.Google Scholar
Keatinge, R. 1988. A summary view of Peruvian prehistory. In: Keatinge, R, editor. Peruvian Prehistory. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p 303–16.Google Scholar
Kolata, AL. 1982. Chronology and settlement growth at Chan Chan. In: Moseley, M, Kent, CD, editors. Chan Chan: Andean Desert City. Albuquerque: A School of American Research Book, University of New Mexico Press. p 67–85.Google Scholar
McEwan, GF. 1990. Some formal correspondances between the imperial architecture of the Wari and Chimucultures and their implications for the origin of the architecture of Chan Chan. Latin American Antiquity 1(2):97–116.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Menzel, D. 1977. The archaeology of ancient Peru and the work of Max Ühle. Berkeley: R.H. Lowie Museum of Anthropology, University of California-Berkeley.Google Scholar
Moseley, ME. 1985. The exploration and explanation of early monumental architecture in the Andes. In: Don-nan, CB, editor. Early Ceremonial Architecture in the Andes. Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection. p 29–58.Google Scholar
Negro, S. 1977. Patrones de asentamiento Prehispánico en el Valle de Lurín. Unpublished Masters thesis. Lima: Universidad Ricardo Palma.Google Scholar
Paredes Botoni, P. 1988. Pachacámac—pirámide con rampa no2. Boletín de Lima 55:41–58.Google Scholar
Paredes Botoni, P. 1990. Pachacamac. In: Purin, S, editor. Inca-Perú. 3000 ans d'Histoire. Catalogue de l'exposition présentée aux Musées Royaux d'Art et d'Histoire de Bruxelles. Gent: Imschoot uitgevers. p 178–95.Google Scholar
Patterson, TC. 1983. Pachacamac—an Andean oracle under Inca rule. In: Kvietok, P D, Sandweiss, D H, editors. Recent Studies in Andean Prehistory and Protohistory Papers from the Second Annual Northeast Conference on Andean Archaeology and Ethnhohistory. Ithaca: Latin American Studies Program, Cornell University. p 159–76.Google Scholar
Pazdur, A, Michczyński, A, Pawlyta, J, Spahiu, P. 2000. Comparison of the radiocarbon dating methods used in the Gliwice Radiocarbon Laboratory. Geochronometria 18:9–14.Google Scholar
Pazdur, A, Pazdur, MF. 1986. Aparatura pomiarowa Laboratorium C-14 w Gliwicach. Doświadczenia konstrukcyjne i eksploatacyjne (The measuring equipment of the Gliwice Radiocarbon Laboratory. Experience gathered in the construction and exploatation). Zeszyty Naukowe Politechniki Sląskiej, Seria Matematyka-Fizyka, Z. 46. Geochronometria 1:55–69.Google Scholar
Pazdur, MF, Michczyńska, DJ. 1989. Improvement of the procedure for probabilistic calibration of radiocarbon dates. Radiocarbon 31(3):824–32.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rostworowski de Díez Canseco, M. 1972. Breve informe sobre el Señorio de Ychma o Ychima. Arqueología PUC 13. Lima: Instituto Riva-Agüero, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. p 37–51.Google Scholar
Rostworowski de Díez Canseco, M. 1989. Costa Peruana prehispánica. Lima: Instituto de Estudios Peruanos.Google Scholar
Rostworowski de Díez Canseco, M. 1992. Pachacámac y el Señor de los Milagros. Una Trayectoria Milenaria Lima: Instituto de Estudios Peruanos.Google Scholar
Rostworowski de Díez Canseco, M. 1993. Orígen religioso de los dibujos y rayas de Nasca. Journal de la Société des Américanistes 79: 189–202.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rowe, JH. 1967. What kind of settlement was Inca Cuzco? Ñawpa Pacha 5:59–76.Google Scholar
Shimada, I. 1991. [1903] Pachacamac archaeology. Retrospect and prospect. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.Google Scholar
Stuiver, M, Polach, HA. 1977. Reporting of 14C data. Radiocarbon 19(3):355–63.Google Scholar
Stuiver, M, Reimer, PJ, Braziunas, TF. 1998. High-precision radiocarbon age calibration for terrestrial and marine samples. Radiocarbon 40(3):1127–51.Google Scholar
Ühle, M. 1903. Pachacamac. Report of The William Pepper, M.D., LL.D. Peruvian Expedition of 1896. Philadelphia: Department of Archaeology of the University of Pennsylvania.Google Scholar
Valera, B. 1968. [1585–1589] Relación de las costumbres antiguas de los naturales del Perú. In: Barba, EF, editor. Crónicas Peruanas de Interes Indigena Biblioteca de Autores Españoles T. 209. Madrid: Ediciones Atlas: 135–203.Google Scholar
Von Hagen, A, Craig, M. 1998. The cities of the ancient Andes. London and New York: Thames and Hudson.Google Scholar
Ziólkowski, M., Pazdur, MF, Krzanowski, A, Michczyński, A. 1994. Andes. Radiocarbon database for Bolivia, Ecuador and Peru. Warszawa-Gliwice: Andean Archaeological Mission of the Institute of Archaeology, Warsawa University, and Gliwice Radiocarbon Laboratory of the Institute of Physics, Silesian Technical University.Google Scholar