1 A version of this article was presented at ‘Oceanic Passages’, Centre for Colonialism and its Aftermath conference, University of Tasmania, held in Hobart, 23–25 June 2010.Google Scholar

2 Prichard, Katharine Susannah, The Pioneers, rev. ed. (Adelaide: Rigby, 1963 [1915]), 256; quoted by Tim Bonyhady, ‘The Pioneer’, in Patricia Tryon Macdonald, Exiles and Emigrants: Epic Journeys to Australia in the Victorian Era (Melbourne: National Gallery of Victoria, 2005), 123.Google Scholar

3 Bonyhady, ‘The Pioneer’, 120. The painting can be seen online by searching the website of the National Gallery of Victoria, www.ngv.vic.gov.au.Google Scholar

4 ‘Exhibition of Australian Art’, Argus, 22 April 1904: 7. For further discussion, see Jane Clark and Bridget Whitelaw, Golden Summers: Heidelberg and Beyond, rev. ed. (Sydney: International Cultural Corporation of Australia, 1986), 148–49.Google Scholar

5 See Kenneth Bendiner, The Art of Ford Madox Brown (University Park, PA: Pennsylvania University Press, 1998), 136. Also see Macdonald, Exiles and Emigrants, 26–27; Tim Barringer, ‘The Last of England’, in Macdonald, Exiles and Emigrants, 20–25; D.M.R. Bentley, ‘The Last of England, The Literature of Emigration, and “The Pathos of the Subject'”, Journal of Pre-Raphaelite Studies, 5 (1996): 35–44. Online image at www.preraphaelites.org/the-collection/1891P24/the-last-of-england.Google Scholar

6 See Macdonald, Exiles and Emigrants, 52–53. Search online at www.tate.org.uk/.Google Scholar

7 Macdonald, ‘Introduction’, in Macdonald, Exiles and Emigrants, 10, 13; see 10–17.Google Scholar

8 Hirst, J.B., ‘The Pioneer Legend’, in Carroll, John (ed.), Intruders in the Bush: The Australian Quest for Identity, 2nd ed. (Melbourne: Oxford University Press, 1992), 14–37 [first published Historical Studies (October 1978)]. See also Graeme Davison, ‘Sydney and the Bush: An Urban Context for the Australian Legend’, in Carroll, Intruders in the Bush, 109–30 [first published Historical Studies (October 1978)]; and Frank Bongiorno and David Andrew Roberts (eds), Journal of Australian Colonial History, special edition, ‘Russel Ward: Reflections of a Legend’, 10 (2008): 2.Google Scholar

9 The Fiery Star Gazette, 28 November 1863, unpaged, http://nla.gov.au/nla.aus-vn658255.Google Scholar

10 [Mary McConnel], Memories of Days Long Gone By, 1905 (Brisbane?: Mary McConnel, 1905), 51.Google Scholar

11 Woolcock, Helen R., Rights of Passage: Emigration to Australia in the Nineteenth Century (London: Tavistock, 1986), xiv; see xiv-xv.Google Scholar

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14 Genealogical sources used in this article: www.lancashirebmd.org.uk; www.ancestrylibrary.com; Queensland Pioneers’ Index.Google Scholar

15 Perkin, H.J., ‘The Development of Modern Glossop’, in Birch, A.H., Small-Town Politics: A Study of Political Life in Glossop (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1959), 18.Google Scholar

16 See Andrew Hassam, 'Our Floating Home’: Social Space and Group Identity on Board the Emigrant Ship (London: Sir Robert Menzies Centre for Australian Studies, 1992), 17.Google Scholar

17 Thomas's father's name was William and his mother was Theresa. Annie's maiden name is variously listed as Winterburne or Winterburn and her second name is either Mary or Maria, while her parents were John and Annie Winterburn. Thomas was born in Dublin in 1836 according to W. Frederic Morrison, Aldine History of Queensland, Vol. 2 (Sydney: Aldine Publishing Company, 1888), ‘Appendix-Biographical Sketches: Southport, The Pacific Hotel’, unpaged. However, this entry is of questionable accuracy if the other information contained there is any indication. In particular, I have been unable to verify the military career in India and the Crimea described by Morrison. Thomas Hanlon's age at death is recorded on his tombstone in Southport General Cemetery as 62 years in January 1896, suggesting a birth year around 1833. He was certainly born in Ireland. Annie Hanlon's age is recorded as 51 on the tombstone, but 55 on her death record.Google Scholar

18 ‘Reunion After 68 Years. Fiery Star Passengers’, Brisbane Courier, 15 January 1932: 12; also Fiery Star Gazette, 19 September 1863: health officer, J.J. Luce, notes the birth of two ‘ocean sons’.Google Scholar

19 The phrase ‘63 pioneers’ is used by W.E. Hanlon in a letter quoted in a newspaper article: 'Fiery Star Passengers’, Brisbane Courier, 5 January 1932: 8.Google Scholar

20 Hanlon, W.E., in ‘The Early Settlement of the Logan and Albert Districts’, Historical Society of Queensland Journal 2(5) (1935): 208, describes his father as a cotton worker, although no other corroborating evidence has been found in Census lists, etc.; Eileen B. Johnson, They Came Direct: ‘Fiery Star’ 1863 (Tinana, Qld: Eileen B. Johnson, 2005), 7 [Walton], 16. Note that the name Hanlon is incorrectly recorded as ‘Hanton’ and Annie is called Hannah; the recorded age of each (26) is also of questionable accuracy since this does not agree with information from other sources.Google Scholar

21 ‘A Manchester Man’, ‘Our Manufacturing Districts and Operative Classes’, Fraser's Magazine for Town and Country 66: 393 (September 1862): 363–82, esp. 366–67.Google Scholar

22 ‘The Relief of Distress in Lancashire’, The Times, 25 February 1863: 11.Google Scholar

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31 W. Ross Johnston considers Jordan to be ‘a skilful propagandist, [who] used the available media to advantage’: ‘The Selling of Queensland: Henry Jordan and Welsh Emigration’, Journal of the Royal Historical Society of Queensland 14(9)(1991): 382.Google Scholar

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33 Both families received land vouchers, which were issued in Brisbane on 26 November 1863. Information from Queensland State Archives, Microfilm Z2518 (Thomas Hanlon-Certificate No. 4503; Rowland and Rebecca Walton-Certificate No. 4572).Google Scholar

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38 Johnson, They Came Direct, 5, 32–33 (final numbers comprised 30 Saloon passengers, 71 Second cabin, 42 Intermediate and 411 in Steerage).Google Scholar

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44 Rowland Walton purchased 61 acres in the Parish of Tingalpa (Portion 135) on 5 December 1863, paying £1 per acre: Queensland Government, Department of Environment and Resource Management, Folio 195, Vol. 31, D/G No. 7933. Birth details about the Walton children from the Queensland Registry of Births, Deaths and Marriages: 1864/B2715 (Rowland Robert Walton), 1866/B5956 (Frank Walton). Place of birth is given on their birth certificates.Google Scholar

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50 ‘A Manchester Man’, ‘Our Manufacturing Districts and Operative Classes’, 377.Google Scholar

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52 Richards, Eric, ‘Return Migration and Migrant Strategies in Colonial Australia’, in Fitzpatrick, David (ed.), Home or Away? Immigrants in Colonial Australia. Visible Immigrants: Three (Canberra: Australian National University, 1992), 64.Google ScholarPubMed

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66 This occupation is recorded on the English Census records for 1871 and 1881.Google Scholar

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69 Sydney Morning Herald, 26 August 1927: 9; 27 August 1927: 16.Google Scholar