1 For a comprehensive account of the suffrage movement, see Oldfield, Audrey, Woman Suffrage in Australia: A Gift or A Struggle? (Melbourne: Cambridge University Press, 1992).Google Scholar

2 For other accounts of the connections between the white women's and Aboriginal political rights, see Patricia Grimshaw, ‘White Women as “Nation Builders”: Gender, Colonialism and the Federal Vote’, in John Chesterman and David Philips (eds), Selective Democracy: Race, Gender and the Australian Vote (Melbourne: Circa, 2003); Patricia Grimshaw and Katherine Ellinghaus, ‘White Women, Aboriginal Women and the Vote in Western Australia’, Studies in Western Australian History 20 (1999): 1–19; Patricia Grimshaw and Sharon Low, ‘Looking Again at the Women's Vote in Tasmania’, Tasmanian Historical Studies 9 (2004): 21–33.Google Scholar

3 See Oldfield, Woman Suffrage in Australia; McCulloch, John, ‘The Struggle for Women's Suffrage in Queensland’, Hecate 30(2) (2004); and other articles in this volume.Google Scholar

4 For a recent account, see Bolt, Christine, Sisterhood Questioned? Race, Class and Internationalism in the American and British Women's Movements, c.1880s–1970s (London and New York: Routledge, 2004).CrossRefGoogle Scholar

5 Chesterman, John and Galligan, Brian, Citizens Without Rights: Aborigines and Australian Citizenship, (Melbourne: Cambridge University Press, 1997).CrossRefGoogle Scholar

6 For comparative studies, see: Mayall, Laura, Levine, Philippa Fletcher, Ian (eds), Women's Suffrage in the British Empire: Citizenship, Nation and Race (London and New York: Routledge, 2000); Patricia Grimshaw, ‘Women's Suffrage in New Zealand Revisited: Writing from the Margins’, in Caroline Daley and Melanie Nolan (eds), Suffrage and Beyond: International Feminist Perspectives (Auckland: Auckland University Press, 1994): 25–41; Patricia Grimshaw, ‘Settler Anxieties, Indigenous Peoples and Women's Suffrage in the Colonies of Australia, New Zealand and Hawai'i, 1888–1902’, in Louise Edwards and Mina Roces (eds), Women's Suffrage in Asia: Gender, Nationalism and Democracy (London and New York: Routledge, 2004); Patricia Grimshaw, ‘Reading the Silences: Suffrage Activists and Race in Nineteenth Century Settler Societies’, in Patricia Grimshaw, Katie Holmes and Marilyn Lake (eds), Women's Rights and Human Rights: International Historical Perspectives (Basingstoke: Palgrave/Macmillan, 2001): 31–48.Google Scholar

7 Evans, Julie, Grimshaw, Patricia, Philips, David Swain, Shurlee, Equal Subjects, Unequal Rights: Indigenous Peoples in British Settler Societies, 1830–1910 (Manchester: Manchester University Press, 2003).CrossRefGoogle Scholar

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11 See Grimshaw, ‘Settler Anxieties’; Evans et al., Equal Subjects, Unequal Rights. Google Scholar

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13 Grimshaw and Ellinghaus, ‘White Women, Aboriginal Women and the Vote in Western Australia’Google Scholar

14 Chesterman, Philips, (eds), Selective Democracy. Google Scholar

15 Grimshaw, ‘White Women as “Nation Builders”: Gender, Colonialism and the Federal Vote’, in Chesterman and Philips (eds), Selective Democracy. Google Scholar

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35 Grimshaw and Ellinghaus, ‘White Women, Aboriginal Women and the Vote in Western Australia’.Google Scholar

36 Chesterman and Galligan, Citizens Without Rights. Google Scholar