Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-tf8b9 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-22T20:24:12.288Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Tectonic and climatic controls on Quaternary fluvial processes and river terrace formation in a Mediterranean setting, the Göksu River, southern Turkey

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  03 April 2019

Nurcan Avşin ,
Jef Vandenberghe ,
Ronald van Balen ,
Nafiye Güneç Kıyak  and
Tuğba Öztürk
Nurcan Avşin*
Affiliation:
Department of Geography, Yüzüncü Yıl University, 65000 Van, Turkey
Jef Vandenberghe
Affiliation:
Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Ronald van Balen
Affiliation:
TNO–Geological Survey of the Netherlands, 2595 Utrecht, The Netherlands
Nafiye Güneç Kıyak
Affiliation:
Department of Energy Systems Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Beykent University, 34398 Istanbul, Turkey
Tuğba Öztürk
Affiliation:
Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Arts, Isik University, 34980 Istanbul, Turkey
*
*Corresponding author e-mail address: [email protected]
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Climate and tectonics effect the fluvial evolution of the Mediterranean Mut basin. The basin contains a river terrace staircase of 16 levels (T16–T1) ranging from 365 to 10 m above the current Göksu River in its middle and lower sections. These river terraces records tectonic uplift in the Mut basin. Optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating of the fluvial sediments of the youngest terrace (T16) provides a chronology for the assessment of the important impacts of climatic changes. The ages from the youngest river terrace deposits in T16 may be subdivided into two intervals: (1) 239–194.7 ka during the later part of Marine Oxygen Isotope Stage (MIS) 7, implying that the aggradation of T16 started in (the final phase of) this warm period; and (2) 187.9–171 ka during much of MIS 6. Thus, it appears that the Göksu River continued depositing sediment from an interglacial into a glacial time. The differences in climate-driven fluvial evolution between this Mediterranean fluvial system and the classical, well-studied temperate–periglacial river systems in Europe may be the result of different vegetation cover and greater thaw of more intense snowfalls.

Keywords

River terraceFluvial aggradationOSL datingClimate controlGöksu RiverTurkey
Type
Thematic Set: Fluvial Archives Group (FLAG) Poland
Information
Quaternary Research , Volume 91 , Issue 2 , March 2019 , pp. 533 - 547
Copyright
Copyright © University of Washington. Published by Cambridge University Press, 2019 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Akarsu, İ.,1960. The Geology around Mut. MTA Report No. 2444. Ankara, Turkey.Google Scholar
Avşin, N., 2011.The role of climate and tectonic on formation of Kızılırmak River terrace, Avanos. Turkish Journal of Geographical Sciences 9, 221–238.Google Scholar
Bassant, P., Buchem, V., Strasser, A., Görür, N., 2005. The stratigraphic architecture and evolution of the Burdigalian carbonate–siliciclastic sedimentary systems of the Mut Basin, Turkey. Sedimentary Geology 173, 187–232.Google Scholar
Bottema, S., 1995. The Younger Dryas in the Eastern Mediterranean. Quaternary Science Reviews 14, 883–891.Google Scholar
Bøtter-Jensen, L. 1997. Luminescence techniques: instrumentation and methods. Radiation Measurements 17, 749–768.Google Scholar
Bridge, J., 2003. Rivers and Floodplains. Forms, Processes and Sedimentary Record. Blackwell publishing, USAGoogle Scholar
Bridgland, D., 2000. River terrace systems in northwest Europe: an archive of environmental change, uplift and early human occupation. Quaternary Science Reviews 19, 1293–1303.Google Scholar
Bridgland, D., Allen, P., 1996. A revised model for terrace formation and its significance for the lower Middle Pleistocene Thames terrace aggradations of northeast Essex, UK. In: Turner, C. (Ed.), The Early Middle Pleistocene in Europe. Balkema, Rotterdam, pp. 121–134.Google Scholar
Bridgland, D., Demir, T., Seyrek, A., Daoud, M., Abou Romieh, M., Westaway, R., 2017. River terrace development in the NE Mediterranean region (Syria and Turkey): patterns in relation to crustal type. Quaternary Science Reviews 166, 307–323.Google Scholar
Büdel, J., 1977. Klima-Geomorphologie. Gebrüder Borntraeger, Berlin.Google Scholar
Carson, M.A., 1984. Observations on the meandering-braided river transition, the Canterbury plains, New Zealand, Part 2. New Zealand Geographer 40(2), 89–99.Google Scholar
Church, M., 1983. Pattern of instability in a wandering gravel bed channel. In: Collinson, J.D., Lewin, J. (Eds.), Modern and Ancient Fluvial Systems. International Association of Sedimentologists, Blackwell Scientific, Oxford, UK, pp. 169–180.Google Scholar
Çiçek, İ., 2001. The geomorphology of Mut around Fırat University. Journal of Social Sciences 11, 1–20.Google Scholar
Cohen, K.M., Gibbard, P.L., 2011. Global Chronostratigraphical Correlation Table for the Last 2.7 Million Years. Subcommission on Quaternary Stratigraphy, International Commission on Stratigraphy, Cambridge, UK.Google Scholar
Cordier, T., Robin, C., Capdevielle, X., Fabreguettes, O., Desprez-Loustau, M., Vacher, C., 2012. The composition of phyllosphere fungal assemblages of European beech (Fagus sylvatica) varies significantly along an elevation gradient. New Phytologist 196, 510–519.Google Scholar
Demir, T., Seyrek, A., Westaway, R., Guillou, H., Scaillet, S., Beck, A., 2012. Late Cenozoic regional uplift and localised crustal deformation within the northern Arabian Platform in southeast Turkey: Investigation of the Euphrates terrace staircase using multidisciplinary techniques”, Geomorphology, 165, 7–24Google Scholar
Doğan, U., 2010. Fluvial response to climate change during and after the Last Glacial Maximum in Central Anatolia, Turkey. Quaternary International 222, 221–229.Google Scholar
Doğan, U., 2011. Climate-controlled river terrace formation in the Kızılırmak Valley, Cappadocia section, Turkey: inferred from Ar–Ar dating of Quaternary basalts and terraces stratigraphy. Geomorphology 126, 66–81.Google Scholar
Eriş, K., Bassant, P., Ülgen, B., 2005. Tectono-stratigraphic evolution of an Early Miocene incised valley-fill (Derincay Formation) in the Mut Basin, Southern Turkey. Sedimentary Geology 173, 151–185.Google Scholar
Gedik, K., Yılmaz, H., Yoldaş, R., 1979. The Geology and Petrol Possibility of Mut, Ermenek and Silifke Region.TJK Bulletin C22. Ankara, Turkey.Google Scholar
Görür, N., Oktay, F.Y., Seymen, I., and Şengör, A.M.C., 1984, Paleotectonic evolution of the Tuzgölü basin complex, central Turkey: sedimentary record of a Neotethyan closure. In: Dixon, J.E., Robertson, A.H.F. (Eds.), The Geological Evolution of the Eastern Mediterranean. Geological Society of London Special Publication 17, 467–482.Google Scholar
Maddy, D., Bridgland, D., 2000. Accelerated uplift resulting from Anglian glacioisostatic rebound in the Middle Thames Valley, UK?: Evidence from the river terrace record. Quaternary Science Reviews 19, 1581–1588Google Scholar
Maddy, D., Bridgland, D., Westaway, R. 2001. Uplift-driven valley incision and climate-controlled river terrace development in the Thames Valley, UK. Quaternary International 79, 23–36.Google Scholar
Maddy, D., Demir, T., Bridgland, D., Veldkamp, A., Stemerdink, C., van der Schriek, T., Westaway, R., 2005. An obliquity-controlled Early Pleistocene river terrace record from Western Turkey. Quaternary Research 63, 339–346.Google Scholar
Maddy, D., Demir, T., Bridgland, D., Veldkamp, A., Stemerdink, C., van der Schriek, T., Schreve, D., 2008. The Pliocene initiation and Early Pleistocene volcanic disruption of the paleo-Gediz fluvial system, Western Turkey. Quaternary Science Reviews 26, 2864–2882.Google Scholar
Makaske, B., 2001. Anastomosing rivers: a review of their classification, origin and sedimentary products. Earth-Science Reviews 53, 149–96.Google Scholar
Map General Command (HGK), 2000. 1:25,000 topographic maps. Ankara.Google Scholar
Messager, E., Belmecheri, S., Von Grafenstein, U., Nomade, S., Ollivier, V., Voinchet, P., Puaud, S., et al. , 2013. Late Quaternary record of the vegetation and catchment-related changes from Lake Paravani (Javakheti, South Caucasus). Quaternary Science Reviews 77, 125–140.Google Scholar
Miall, A., 1996. The Geology of Fluvial Deposits. Springer, Berlin.Google Scholar
Mine Technical Search Institude (MTA), 1996. 1:25,000 geologic maps. Ankara.Google Scholar
Mol, J., Vandenberghe, J., Kasse, C. 2000 River response to variations of periglacial climate. Geomorphology 33, 131–148.Google Scholar
Murray, A., Wintle, A., 2000. Luminescence dating of quartz using an improved single-aliquot regenerative-dose protocol. Radiation Measurements 32, 57–73.Google Scholar
Olley, J.M., Murray, A.S., Roberts, R.G., 1996. The effects of disequilibria in the uranium and thorium decay chains on burial dose rates in fluvial sediments. Quaternary Geochronology 15, 751–760.Google Scholar
Olszak, J. M., 2011. Evolution of fluvial terraces in response to climate change and tectonic uplift during the Pleistocene: Evidence from Kamienica and Ochotnica River valleys (Polish Outer Carpathians). Geomorphology, 129: 71–78.Google Scholar
Olszak, J., Adamiec, G., 2016. OSL-based chronostratigraphy of river terraces in mountainous areas, Dunajec basin, West Carpathians: a revision of the climatostratigraphical approach. Boreas 45, 483–493.Google Scholar
Öğretmen, N., Cipollari, P., Frezza, V., Faranda, C., Karanika, K., Gliozzi, E., Radeff, G., Cosentino, D., 2018. Evidence for 1.5 km of uplift of the central Anatolian Plateau's southern margin in the last 450 kyr and Implications for Its Multiphased Uplift History. Tectonics 37, 359–390.Google Scholar
Penck, A., Bruckner, E., 1909. Die Alpen im Eiszeitalter. Leipzig. 1199 pp.Google Scholar
Peters, G., Van Balen, R.T., 2007. Pleistocene tectonics inferred from the fluvial terraces of the northern Upper Rhine Graben, Germany. Tectonophysics 430, 41–65.Google Scholar
Pickarski, N., Kwiecien, O., Langgut, D., Litt, T., 2015. Abrupt climate and vegetation variability of eastern Anatolia during the last glacial. Climate of the Past 11, 1491–1505.Google Scholar
Prescott, J.R., Hutton, J.T., 1988. Cosmic ray and gamma ray dosimetry for TL and ESR. Nuclear Tracks and Radiation Measurements 14, 223–227.Google Scholar
Schielein, P., Schellmann, G., Lomax, J., Preusser, F., Fiebig, M., 2015. Chronostratigraphy of the Hochterassen in the lower Lech valley (North Alpine Foreland). Quaternary Science Journal 64(1), 15–29.Google Scholar
Schildgen, T., Cosentino, D., Bookhagen, B., Niedermann, S., Yıldırım, C., Echtler, H., Wittman, H., Strecker, M., 2012. Multi-phased uplift of the southern margin of the Central Anatolian plateau, Turkey: a record of tectonic and upper mantle processes. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 317, 85–95.Google Scholar
Schumm, S., 1977. The Fluvial System. Wiley, New York.Google Scholar
Schumm, S., 1981. Evolution and response of the fluvial system: sedimentologic implications. Society of Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists, Special Publication 31, 19–29.Google Scholar
Şengör, C., Yılmaz, Y. 1981. Tethyan evolution of Turkey: a plate tectonic approach. Tectonophysics 75, 181–241.Google Scholar
Şenkul, Ç., Doğan, U., 2013. Vegetation and climate of Anatolia and adjacent regions during the Last Glacial period. Quaternary International 302, 110–122.Google Scholar
Stange, K., Van Balen, R.T., Carcaillet, J., Vandenberghe, J., 2013. Terrace staircase development in the Southern Pyrenees Foreland: inferences from 10Be terrace exposure ages at the Segre River. Global and Planetary Change 101, 97–112.Google Scholar
Starkel, L., 2003. Climatically controlled terraces in uplifting mountain areas. Quaternary Science Reviews 22, 2189–2198.Google Scholar
Starkel, L., Michczynska, D., Gebica, P., Kiss, T., Panin, A., 2015. Climatic fluctuations reflected in the evolution of fluvial systems of Central–Eastern Europe (60–8 ka cal BP). Quaternary International 388, 97–118.Google Scholar
Tanar, Ü., 1989, Gökçen, N., 1990. Stratigraphy and Micro-paleontology of Mut-Ermenek Tertiary Stack. MTA Bulletin S. 110. Ankara, Turkey.Google Scholar
Tebbens, L., Veldkamp, A., 2001. Exploring the possibilities and limitations of modelling Quaternary fluvial dynamics. In: Maddy, D., Macklin, M., Woodward, J. (Eds.), River Basin Sediment Systems: Archives of Environmental Change. Balkema, Rotterdam, pp. 469–484.Google Scholar
Vandenberghe, J., 1993. Changing fluvial processes under changing periglacial conditions. Supplemental Band Zeitschrift für Geomorphologie 88, 17–28.Google Scholar
Vandenberghe, J., 1995. Timescales, climate and river development. Quaternary Science Reviews 14, 631–638.Google Scholar
Vandenberghe, J., 2001. A typology of Pleistocene cold-based rivers. Quaternary International 79, 111–121.Google Scholar
Vandenberghe, J., 2002. The relation between climate and river processes, landforms and deposits during the Quaternary. Quaternary International 91, 17–23.Google Scholar
Vandenberghe, J., 2008. The fluvial cycle at cold-warm-cold transitions in lowland regions: a refinement of theory. Geomorphology 98, 275–284.Google Scholar
Vandenberghe, J., 2015. River terraces as a response to climatic forcing: formation processes, sedimentary characteristics and sites for human occupation. Earth and Climate, 370, 3–11.Google Scholar
Vandenberghe, J., Maddy, D., 2001. Response of river systems to climate change. Quaternary International 79, 1–3.Google Scholar
Vandenberghe, J., Wang, X., Lu, H., 2011. Differential impact of small-scaled tectonic movements on fluvial morphology and sedimentology (the Huang Shui catchment, NE Tibet Plateau). Geomorphology 134, 171–185.Google Scholar
Wang, X., Vandenberghe, J., Shuangwen, Y., Van Balen, R.T., Lu, H., 2015. Climate-dependent fluvial architecture and processes on a suborbital timescale in areas of rapid tectonic uplift: an example from the NE Tibetan Plateau. Global and Planetary Change 133, 318–329.Google Scholar
Westaway, R., Guillou, H., Yurtmen, S., Beck, A., Bridgland, D., Demir, T., Scaillet, S., Rowbotham, G., 2006. Late Cenozoic uplift of western Turkey: improved dating of the Kula Quaternary volcanic field and numerical modelling of the Gediz River terrace staircase. Global and Planetary Change 51, 131–171.Google Scholar
Westaway, R., Pringle, M., Yurtmen, S., Demir, T., Bridgland, D., Rowbotham, G., Maddy, D., 2004. Pliocene and Quaternary regional uplift in western Turkey: the Gediz River terrace staircase and the volcanism at Kula. Tectonophysics 391, 121–169.Google Scholar
Wick, L., Lemcke, G., Sturm, M., 2003. Evidence of Lateglacial and Holocene climatic change and human impact in eastern Anatolia: high resolution pollen, charcoal, isotopic and geochemical records from the laminated sediments of Van Lake, Turkey. The Holocene 13, 665–675.Google Scholar
von Suchodoletz, H., Gärtner, A., Hoth, S., Umlauft, J., Sukhishvili, L., Faust, D., 2016. Late Pleistocene river migrations in response to thrust belt advance and sediment-flux steering—the Kura River (southern Caucasus). Geomorphology 266, 53–65.Google Scholar
von Suchodoletz, H., Menz, M., Kühn, P., Sukhishvili, L., Faust, D., 2015. Fluvial sediments of the Algeti River in southeastern Georgia—an archive of Late Quaternary landscape activity and stability in the Transcaucasian region. Catena 130, 95–107.Google Scholar
Gibbard, L., Lewin, C., 2009. River incision and terrace formation in the Late Cenozoic of Europe. Tectonophysics 474, 41–55.Google Scholar