Hostname: page-component-5cf477f64f-2wr7h Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2025-04-08T03:59:40.137Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Late Quaternary Lake-Level Record from Northern Eurasia

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Sandy P. Harrison ,
Ge Yu  and
Pavel E. Tarasov
Sandy P. Harrison
Affiliation:
Dynamic Palaeoclimatology Group, Lund University, Box 117, S-221 00, Lund, Sweden
Ge Yu
Affiliation:
Dynamic Palaeoclimatology Group, Lund University, Box 117, S-221 00, Lund, Sweden
Pavel E. Tarasov
Affiliation:
Dynamic Palaeoclimatology Group, Lund University, Box 117, S-221 00, Lund, Sweden Laboratory of Pleistocene Paleogeography and Recent Deposits, Department of Geography, Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 119899, Moscow, Russia
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Lake records from northern Eurasia show regionally coherent patterns of changes during the late Quaternary. Lakes peripheral to the Scandinavian ice sheet were lower than those today but lakes in the Mediterranean zone were high at the glacial maximum, reflecting the dominance of glacial anticyclonic conditions in northern Europe and a southward shift of the Westerlies. The influence of the glacial anticyclonic circulation attenuated through the late glacial period, and the Westerlies gradually shifted northward, such that drier conditions south of the ice sheet were confined to a progressively narrower zone and the Mediterranean became drier. The early Holocene shows a gradual shift to conditions wetter than present in central Asia, associated with the expanded Asian monsoon, and in the Mediterranean, in response to local, monsoon-type circulation. There is no evidence of mid-continental aridity in northern Eurasia during the mid-Holocene. In contrast, the circum-Baltic region was drier, reflecting the increased incidence of blocking anticyclones centered on Scandinavia in summer. There is a gradual transition to modern conditions after ca. 5000 yr B.P. Although these broad-scale patterns are interrupted by shorter term fluctuations, the long-term trends in lake behavior show a clear response to changes in insolation and glaciation.

Type
Research Article
Information
Quaternary Research , Volume 45 , Issue 2 , March 1996 , pp. 138 - 159
Copyright
University of Washington

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

References

Benson, L. V. (1981). Paleoclimatic significance of lake-level fluctuations in the Lahontan Basin. Quaternary Research 16 , 390–403.Google Scholar
COHMAP Members (1988). Climatic changes of the last 18,000 years: Observations and model simulations. Science 241 , 1043–1052.Google Scholar
Digerfeldt, G. (1986). Studies on past lake-level fluctuations. In “Handbook of Holocene Palaeoecology and Palaeohydrology” (Berglund, B., Ed.), pp. 127–144. Wiley, New York.Google Scholar
Giraudi, C. (1989). Lake levels and climate for the last 30,000 years in the Fucino area (Abruzzo–Central Italy)—A review. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 70 , 249–260.Google Scholar
Harrison, S. P. (1993). Late Quaternary lake-level changes and climates of Australia. Quaternary Science Reviews 12 , 211–232.Google Scholar
Harrison, S. P., and Digerfeldt, G. (1993). European lakes as palaeohydrological and palaeoclimatic indicators. Quaternary Science Reviews 12 , 233–248.Google Scholar
Harrison, S. P., and Metcalfe, S. E. (1985). Variations in lake levels during the Holocene in North America: An indicator of changes in atmospheric circulation patterns. Géographie physique et Quaternaire 39 , 141–150.Google Scholar
Harrison, S. P. Prentice, I. C., and Bartlein, P. J. (1992). Influence of insolation and glaciation on atmospheric circulation in the North Atlantic sector: Implications of general circulation model experiments for the Late Quaternary climatology of Europe. Quaternary Science Reviews 11 , 283–299.Google Scholar
Harrison, S. P. Prentice, I. C., and Guiot, J. (1993). Climatic controls on Holocene lake-level changes in Europe. Climate Dynamics 8 , 189–200.Google Scholar
Hastenrath, S., and Kutzbach, J. E. (1983). Paleoclimatic estimates from water and energy budgets of East African lakes. Quaternary Research 19, 141–153.Google Scholar
Huntley, B. (1988). Glacial and Holocene vegetation history: Europe. In ‘‘Vegetation History” (Huntley, B. and Webb, T. III, Eds.), pp. 341–383. Kluwer, Dordrecht.Google Scholar
Huntley, B., and Prentice, I. C. (1993). Holocene vegetation and climate of Europe. In “Global Climates Since the Last Glacial Maximum” (Wright, H. E. Jr. Kutzbach, J. E. Webb, T. III Ruddiman, W. F. Street-Perrott, F. A., and Bartlein, P. J., Eds.), pp. 136–168. Univ. of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis.Google Scholar
Kutzbach, J. E. Guetter, P. J. Behling, P. J., and Selin, R. (1993). Simulated climatic changes: Results of the COHMAP climate-model experiments. In “Global Climates since the Last Glacial Maximum” (Wright, H. E. Jr. Kutzbach, J. E. Webb, T. III Ruddiman, W. F. Street-Perrott, F. A., and Bartlein, P. J., Eds.), pp. 24–93. Univ. of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis.Google Scholar
Leemans, R., and Cramer, W. P. (1991). ‘‘The IIASA climate database for mean monthly values of temperature, precipitation and cloudiness on a terrestrial grid.” International Institute of Applied System Analysis RR-91-18, Laxenburg, Austria.Google Scholar
Liao, X. Street-Perrott, A., and Mitchell, J. F. B. (1995). GCM experiments with different cloud parameterization: Comparisons with paleoclimatic reconstructions for 6000 years B.P. Palaeoclimates: Data and Modelling 1, 99–123.Google Scholar
Lydolph, P. E. (1977). ‘‘Climates of the Soviet Union. World Survey of Climatology 7.” Elsevier, Amsterdam.Google Scholar
Martyn, D. (1992). ‘‘Climates of the World. Developments in Atmospheric Sciences 18.” Elsevier, Amsterdam.Google Scholar
Mommersteeg, H. J. P. M. Loutre, M. F. Young, R. Wijmstra, T. A., and Hooghiemstra, H. (1995). Orbital forced frequencies in the 975000 year pollen record from Tenagi Philippon (Greece). Climate Dynamics 11 , 4–24.Google Scholar
Prentice, I. C. Guiot, J., and Harrison, S. P. (1992). Mediterranean vegetation, lake levels and palaeoclimate at the Last Glacial Maximum. Nature 360 , 658–670.Google Scholar
Roberts, N., and Wright, H. E. Jr. (1993). Vegetational, lake-level and climatic history of the Near East and Southwest Asia. In “Global Climates since the Last Glacial Maximum” (Wright, H. E. Jr. Kutz-bach, J. E. Webb, T. III Ruddiman, W. F. Street-Perrott, F. A., and Bartlein, P. J., Eds.), pp. 194–220. Univ. of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis.Google Scholar
Schlyter, P. (1991). Recent and periglacial wind action in Scania and adjacent area of S Sweden. Zeitschrift für Geomorphologie, N.F. Suppl.-Bd. 90, 143–153.Google Scholar
Street-Perrott, F. A., and Harrison, S. P. (1985). Lake levels and climate reconstruction. In “Paleoclimate Analysis and Modeling” (Hecht, A. D., Ed.), pp. 291–340. Wiley, New York.Google Scholar
Street-Perrott, F. A., and Roberts, N. (1983). Fluctuations in closed lakes as an indicator of past atmospheric circulation patterns. In “Variations In The Global Water Budget” (Street-Perrott, F. A. Beran, M., and Ratcliffe, A. S. R., Eds.), pp. 331–345. Reidel, Dordrecht.Google Scholar
Street-Perrott, F. A. Marchand, D. S. Roberts, N., and Harrison, S. P. (1989). ‘‘Global Lake-Level Variations from 18,000 to 0 Years Ago: A Paleoclimatic Analysis.” U.S. Department of Energy Technical Report U.S. DOE/ER/60304-H1 TR046 Google Scholar
Svensson, N.-O. (1991). Postglacial land uplift patterns of south Sweden and the Baltic Sea region. Terra Nova 3 , 369–378.Google Scholar
Tarasov, P. E. Harrison, S. P. Saarse, L. Pushenko, M. Ya., Andreev, A. A. Aleshinskaya, Z. V. Davydova, N. N. Dorofeyuk, N. I. Efremov, Yu, V. Khomutova, V. I. Sevastyanov, D. V. Tamosaitis, J. Uspenskaya, O. N. Yakushko, O. F., and Tarasova, I. V. (1994). ‘‘Lake Status Records from the Former Soviet Union and Mongolia: Data Base Documentation.” NOAA Paleoclimatology Publications Series Report 2, Boulder.Google Scholar
Thompson, R. S. Whitlock, C. Bartlein, P. J. Harrison, S. P., and Spaulding, W. G. (1993). Climatic changes in the western United States since 18,000 yr BP. In “Global Climates since the Last Glacial Maximum” (Wright, H. E. Jr. Kutzbach, J. E. Webb, T. III Ruddiman, W. F. Street-Perrott, F. A., and Bartlein, P. J., Eds.), pp. 468–513. Univ. of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis.Google Scholar
Wallén, C. C. (1970). ‘‘Climates of Northern and Western Europe. World Survey of Climatology 5.” Elsevier, Amsterdam.Google Scholar
Webb, T. III, (1985). ‘‘A Global Paleoclimatic Data Base for 6000 yr B.P.” DOE/eV/10097-6, U.S. Department of Energy, Washington, DC.Google Scholar
Webb, T. III Bartlein, P. J. Harrison, S. P., and Anderson, K. H. (1993). Vegetation, lake-levels, and climate in eastern North America since 12000 yr BP. In “Global Climates Since the Last Glacial Maximum” (Wright, H. E. Jr. Kutzbach, J. E. Webb, T. III Ruddiman, W. F. Street-Perrott, F. A., and Bartlein, P. J., Eds.), pp. 415–467. Univ. of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis.Google Scholar
Winkler, M. G., and Wang, P. K. (1993). The Late-Quaternary vegetation and climate of China. In “Global Climates Since the Last Glacial Maximum” (Wright, H. E. Jr. Kutzbach, J. E. Webb, T. III Ruddiman, W. F. Street-Perrott, F. A., and Bartlein, P. J., Eds.), pp. 265–293. Univ. of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis.Google Scholar
Yu, G., and Harrison, S. P. (1995a). ‘‘Lake Status Records from Europe: Data Base Documentation.” NOAA Paleoclimatology Publications Series Report 3, Boulder.Google Scholar
Yu, G., and Harrison, S. P. (1995b). Holocene changes in atmospheric circulation pattern as shown by lake status changes in northern Europe. Boreas 24 , 260–268.Google Scholar
Yu, G., and Qin, B. (in press). Holocene temperature and precipitation reconstructions and monsoonal climates in eastern China. Palaeoclimates: Data and Modelling. Google Scholar
Zhang, J. C., and Liu, Z. G. (1992). ‘‘Climate of China.” Wiley, New York.Google Scholar

Data Base REFERENCES

Aleshinskaya, Z. V. (1980). Results of the radiocarbon dating of the Sevan Lake Holocene deposits. In “Izotopnye i geokhimicheskie metody v biologii, geologii i arkheologii [Isotopic and geochemical methods in biology, geology, and archaeology],” pp. 5–7. Tartu.Google Scholar
Alessio, M. Allegri, L. Bella, F. Calderoni, G. Cortesi, C. Dai Pra, G. De Rita, D. Esu, D. Follieri, M. Improta, S. Magri, D. Narcisi, B. Petrone, V., and Sadori, L. (1986). 14C dating, geochemical features, faunistic and pollen analyses of the uppermost 10m core from Valle di Castiglione (Rome, Italy). Geologica Romana 25 , 287–308.Google Scholar
Alhonen, P. (1967). Palaeolimnological investigations of three inland lakes in South-western Finland. Acta Botanica Fennica 76 , 1–59.Google Scholar
Alm, T. (1993). øvre Æråsvatn—Palynostratigraphyoa a 22,000 to l0,000 BP lacustrine record on Andøya, northern Norway. Boreas 22 , 171–188.Google Scholar
Almquist-Jacobson, H. (1994). Interaction of Holocene climate, water balance, végétation, fire, and cultural land-use in the Swedish Borderland. Lundqua Thesis 30 , 82 pp.Google Scholar
Ammann, B. (1982). Säakulare Seespiegelschwankungen, wo, wie, wann, warum? Mitteilungen der Naturforschenden Gesellschaft in Bern. NF 39, 97–106.Google Scholar
Ammann, B. (1989). Late-Quaternary palynology at Lobsigensee. Dissertations Botanicw 137.Google Scholar
Ammann, B. Chaix, L. Eicher, U. Elias, S. A. Gaillard, M.-J. Hofmann, W. Siegenthaler, U. Tobolski, K., and Wilkinson, B. (1983). Vegetation, insects, molluscs and stable isotopes from late Würm deposits at Lobsigensee (Swiss Plateau). Studies in the late Quaternary of Lobsigensee 7. Revue de Paléobiologie 2(2), 221–227.Google Scholar
Andreev, A. A., and Klimanov, V. A. (1989). Vegetation and climate history of central Yakutia during Holocene and late Pleistocene. In “Formirovanie rel’efa, korrelyatnykh otlozhenii i rossypei severo-vostoka SSSR [Formation of deposits and placers on north-east of the USSR],” pp. 26–51. Magadan.Google Scholar
Andreev, A. A. Klimanov, V. A. Sulerzhitskii, L. D., and Khotinskii, N. A. (1989). Chronology of environmental changes in Central Yakutia during Holocene. In “Paleoklimaty golotsena i pozdnelednikov’ya [Paleoclimates of Holocene and late Glacial],” pp. 115–121. Nauka, Moscow.Google Scholar
Anisimova, N. V. (1951). The diatoms of swamp and lake deposits of Kokchetav region (Kazakhstan SSR). Trudy Laboratorii Sapropelevykh Otlozhenii Akademiya Nauk SSSR 5 , 53–80.Google Scholar
Arslanov, Kh. A. Davydova, N. N. Subetto, D. A., and Khomutova, V. I. (1992). Karelian Isthmus. In “Istoriya ozer Vostochno-Evropeiskoi ravniny [Lake History of East-European Plain],” pp. 64–77. St. Petersburg.Google Scholar
Averdieck, F.-R. (1978). Palynologischer Beitrag zur Entwicklungsgeschichte des Großen Plöner Sees und der Vegetation seiner Umgebung. Archiv für Hydrobiologie 83 , 1–46.Google Scholar
Balaga, K. (1982). Vegetational history of the Lake Lukcze environment (Lublin Polesie, E. Poland) during the Late-Glacial and Holocene. Acta Palaeobotanica 22 , 7–22.Google Scholar
Beales, P. W. (1980). The late Devensian and Flandrian vegetational history of Crose Mere, Shropshire. New Phytologist 85 , 133–161.Google Scholar
Beaulieu, J. L. de, , and Reille, M. (1983). Paléoenvironnement tardiglaciaire et holocène des lacs de Pelléautier et Siguret (Hautes-Alpes, France). Histoire de la végétation d après les analyses polliniques. Ecologia Mediterranea 9 , 19–36.Google Scholar
Beaulieu, J. L. de, Pons, A., and Reille, M. (1984). Recherches pollenanalytiques sur l’histoire de la végétation des Monts du Velay (Massif Central, France). Dissertationes Botanicae 72 , 45–70.Google Scholar
Beckett, S. C. (1981). Pollen diagrams from Holderness, North Humberside. Journal of Biogeography 8 , 177–198.Google Scholar
Behbehani, A. Handl, M. Horsthemke, E. Schmidt, R., and Schneider, J. (1985). Possible lake level fluctuations within the Mondsee and Attersee. In “Contributions to the Paleolimnology of the Trumer Lakes (Salzburg) and the Lakes Mondsee, Attersee and Traunsee (Upper Austria)” (Danielopol, D. Schmidt, R., and Schultze, E., Eds.), pp. 136–148. Limnologisches Institut Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Mondsee.Google Scholar
Bennett, K. D. (1983). Devensian Late-glacial and Flandrian vegetational history at Hockham Mere, England. New Phytologist 95 , 457–487.Google Scholar
Bennett, K. D. (1988). Holocene pollen stratigraphy of central East Anglia, England, and comparison of pollen zones across the British Isles. New Phytologist 109 , 237–253.Google Scholar
Berdovskaya, G. N. (1989). The history of Borovoe Lake (Northern Kazakhstan) on palinological data. In “Istoriya ozer. Ratsional’noe ispol’zovanie i okhrana ozernykh vodoemov [Lake History. Rational Use and Defence of the Lake Basins],” pp. 14–15. VIII All-Union Symposium, Minsk.Google Scholar
Bertzen, G. (1987). Diatomeenanalytische Untersuchungen an spätpleistozänen und holozänen Sedimenten des Tegeler Sees. Berliner Geographische Abhandlungen 45 , 1–151.Google Scholar
Beug, H-J. (1975). Man as a factor in the vegetational history of the Balkan Peninsula. In “Proceedings of the First International Symposium on Balkan Flora and Vegetation, Varna, June 1973” (Jordanov, D. et al., Eds.), pp. 72–78. Sofia.Google Scholar
Beug, H-J. (1977). Vegetationsgeschichtliche Untersuchungen im Küstenberiech von Istrien (Jugoslawien). Flora 166 , 357–381.Google Scholar
Bolikhovskaya, N. S. (1988). About the near Moscow Meshchera vegetation and climate history in Holocene. In “Paleoklimaty golotsena evropeiskoi territorii SSSR [Holocene palaeoclimates of the European part of the USSR]” (Khotinskii, N. A. and Klimanov, V. A., Eds.), pp. 76–94. Moscow.Google Scholar
Bolikhovskaya, N. S. Bolikhovskii, V. F., and Klimanov, V. A. (1988). Climatic and cryogenic factors of peat bogs development in Holocene from the European North-Eastern part of USSR. In “Paleoklimaty golotsena evropeiskoi territorii SSSR [Holocene Palaeclimates of of the European Part of the USSR]” (Khotinskii, N. A. and Klimanov, V. A., Eds.), pp. 36–43. Moscow.Google Scholar
Borel, J. L. Bravard, J-P., and Monjuvent, G. (Eds.) (1990). Pluvis, lac disparu, du retrait glaciaire a l’emenagement hydroelectrique. Revue de Paléobiologie, Special Vol. 4, 1–101.Google Scholar
Borel, J. L. Brochier, J. L., and Lundstrom-Baudais, K. (1985). Water level fluctuations of the lake Paladru (Isère, France) in the Xth and XIth centuries AD. Ecologia Mediterranea 11 , 179–183.Google Scholar
Borel, J. L. Damblon, F. Montjuvent, G. Mouthon, J., and Yates, G. (1987). Le lac de Pluvis (Bas-Bugey), paléoécologie et variations de niveau durant l’Holocîne d’après le sondage 4. Travaux et Documents de Gèographie tropicale 59 , 25. (Résumés des communications, Xe Symposium, Associations des Palynologues de Langue Française, Bordeaux-Talence.) Centre d’Etudes de Géographie tropicale, C.N.R.S. Google Scholar
Bottema, S. (1974). ‘‘Late Quaternary Vegetation History of Northwestern Greece.” Proefschrift, University of Groningen.Google Scholar
Bottema, S. (1978). The Late Glacial in the eastern Mediterranean and the Near East. In “The Environmental History of the Near and Middle east Since the last Ice Age” (Brice, W. C., Ed.), pp. 15–28.Google Scholar
Bottema, S. (1979). Pollen analytical investigations in Thessaly (Greece). Palaeohistoria 21 , 20–40.Google Scholar
Bottema, S. (1982). Palynological investigations in Greece with special reference to pollen as an indicator of human activity. Palaeohistoria 24 , 258–289.Google Scholar
Bottema, A., and Woldring, H. (1984). Late Quaternary vegetation and climate of Southwestern Turkey. Part II. Palaeohistoria 26 , 123–149.Google Scholar
Boyd, W. E., and Dickson, J. H. (1987). A post-glacial pollen sequence from Loch A’Mhuilinn, North Arran, a record of vegetation history with special reference to the history of endemic Sorbus species. New Phytologist 107 , 221–244.Google Scholar
Brochier, J. L., and Druart, J. C. (1993). Le milieu lacustre. In “Les habitats du Lac de Paladru (Isère) dans leur environnement” (Colardelle, M. and Verdel, E., Eds.), pp. 39–58. Editions de la Maison de Sciences de L’Homme, Paris.Google Scholar
Clerc, J. (1985). Première contribution a l’étude de la végétation Tardiglaciaire et Holocéne du Piémont Dauphinois. Documents de Cartographie élogique (Genoble) 28 , 65–83.Google Scholar
Clerc, J. Magny, M., and Mouthon, J. (1989). Histoire d’un milieu lacustre du Bas-Dauphiné, Le Grand Lemps. Etude palynologique des remplissages Tardiglaciaires et Holocéne, et mise en evidence de fluctuations lacustres á l’aide d’analyses sédimentologiques et malacologiques. Revue de Paléobiologie (Génève) 8 , 1–19.Google Scholar
Coûteaux, M. (1984). Recherches pollenanalytiques au lac d’Issarlès Ardèche (France,) évolution de la végétation et fluctuations lacustres. Bulletin de la Socieété Royale de Botanique de Belgique 117 , 197–217.Google Scholar
Craig, A. J. (1978). Pollen percentage and influx analysis in South-east Ireland, a contribution to the ecological history of the Late-glacial period. Journal of Ecology 66 , 297–324.Google Scholar
Creer, K. M. Redman, P. W., and Papamarinopoulos, S. (1981). Geomagnetic secular variations in Greece through the last 6000 years obtained from lake sediment studies. Geophysical Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society 66 , 193–219.Google Scholar
Cserny, T. Nagy-Bodor, E., and Hajόs, M. (1991). Contributions to the sedimentology and evolution history of Lake Balaton. In “Quaternary Environment in Hungary, Studies in Geography in Hungary” (Pécsci, M. and Schweitzer, F., Eds.), Vol. 26, pp. 75–84. Akadémiai Kiadό, Budapest, 1991.Google Scholar
Czeczuga, B. (1969). The history of some lakes in the north-eastern region of Poland, based on chemical investigations of the sediments. Mittelungen Internationale Vereinigung für Theoretische und Angewandte Limnologie 17 , 351–355.Google Scholar
Czeczuga, B., and Golebiewski, Z. (1966). History of Kolno Lake as revealed by the bed sediments. Schweiz Zeitschrift für Hydrologie 28 , 173–183.Google Scholar
Czeczuga, B., and Golebiewski, Z. (1969). Chemical studies of the bed sediment of the Lake Kruklin. Acta Hydrobiologia 11 , 261–272.Google Scholar
Davydova, N. N. (1978). The diatoms in the lake sediments. In “Landshaftnyii faktor v formirovanii gidrologii ozer Vostochnogo Urala [Landscape Factor in Hydrological Formation of the Lakes of Eastern Ural],” pp. 228–232. Leningrad.Google Scholar
Davydova, N. N. (1985). ‘‘Diatomovye vodorosli—indikatoryprirodnyhh uslovii vodoemov v golotsene [The Diatoms as Indicator of Basin Environmental Conditions in Holocene],” Leningrad.Google Scholar
Davydova, N. (1987). Methods of studying lake ecosystem evolution on the basis of data obtained from diatom analyses of lake sediments. In ‘‘Methods for the Investigation of Lake Deposits, Palaeoecological and Palaeoclimatological Aspects” (Kabailiene, M., Ed.), pp. 38–47. Vilnius.Google Scholar
Davydova, N. N., and Kurochkina, A. A. (1981). The comparison characteristic of bottom sediments and diatom assemblages in the deposits of Vologda-Arkhangelsk region large lakes. In “Antropogennoe vliyanie na krupnye ozera Severo-Zapada SSSR [The anthropogenic influence on the large lakes of North-West of the USSR],” pp. 176–193. Nauka, Leningrad.Google Scholar
Davydova, N., and Raukas, A. (1986). Geological development of large lakes of the humid zone in the European part of the Soviet Union, and Holocene climatic changes on the basis of lake sediment data. Journal of Biogeography 13 , 173–180.Google Scholar
Davydova, N. N. Delusina, I. V., and Subetto, D. A. (1992). Bol’shezemel’-skaya tundra. In “Istoriya ozer Vostochno-Evropeiskoi ravniny [Lake History of East-European Plain],” pp. 35–45. St. Petersburg.Google Scholar
Davydova, N. N. Subetto, D. A., and Khomutova, V. I. (1992). Il’men Lake. In “Istoriya ozer Vostochno-Evropeiskoi ravniny [Lake History of East-European Plain],” pp. 101–117. St. Petersburg.Google Scholar
Degens, E. T., and Kurtman, F., Eds. (1978). ‘‘The Geology of Lake Van.” Maden Tetkik ve Arama Enstitusu, Ankara.Google Scholar
Digerfeldt, G. (1965). Vielången och Farlången. En utvecklingshistorisk insjöundersökning. Skånes Natur 52, 162–183.Google Scholar
Digerfeldt, G. (1971). The post-glacial development of the ancient lake at Torreberga, Scania, south Sweden. Geologiska Föreningens i Stockholm Förhandlingar 93 , 601–624.Google Scholar
Digerfeldt, G. (1972). Post-Glacial development of Lake Trummen. Regional vegetation history, water-level changes and palaeoliminology. Folia Limnlogica Scandinavica 16 , 1–96.Google Scholar
Digerfeldt, G. (1974). The Post-glacial development of the Ranviken bay in Lake Immeln. I. The history of the regional vegetation, and II. The water-level changes. Geologiska Föreningens i Stockholm Förhandlingar 96 , 3–32.Google Scholar
Digerfeldt, G. (1975a). Post-Glacial water-level changes in lake Växjösjön, central southern Sweden. Geologiska Föreningens i Stockholm Förhandlingar 97 , 167–173.Google Scholar
Digerfeldt, G. (1975b). The Post-glacial development of the Ranviken bay in Lake Immeln. III. Palaeolimnology. Geoglogiska Föreningens i Stockholm Föhandlingar 97 , 13–28.Google Scholar
Digerfeldt, G. (1976). A Pre-Boreal water-level change in Lake Lyngsjö, central Halland. Geologiska Föreningens i Stockholm Föhandlingar 98 , 329–336.Google Scholar
Digerfeldt, G. (1988). Reconstruction and regional correlation of Holocene lake-level fluctuations in Lake Bysjön, South Sweden. Boreas 17 , 165–182.Google Scholar
Donner, J. J. Alhonen, P. Eronen, M. Jungner, H., and Vuorela, I. (1978). Biostratigraphy and radiocarbon dating of the Holocene lake sediments of Työtjärvi and the peats in the adjoining bog Varrasuo west of Lahti in southern Finland. Annales Botanici Fennici 15 , 258–280.Google Scholar
Dorofeyuk, N. I. (1988). Holocene palaeogeography of MPR by diatom record from lake bottom sediments. In “Prirodnye usloviya, rastitelnyi pokrov i zhivotnyi mir Mongolii [Nature Conditions, Vegetation Cover and Animals of Mongolia],” pp. 61–82. Pushchino.Google Scholar
Dorofeyuk, N. I. (1992). Century changes of lakes tanatosenozes and reconstruction of their history (on Buir-Nur Lake example). In “Ekologiya i prirodopol’zovanie v Mongolii [Ecology and Using of Nature in Mongolia],” pp. 151–166. Pushchino.Google Scholar
Edwards, K. J., and Whittington, G. (1993). Aspects of the environmental and depositional history of a rock basin lake in eastern Scotland, UK. In “Geomorphology and Sedimentology of Lakes and Reservoirs” (McManus, J. and Duck, R. W., Eds.), pp. 155–180. Wiley, London.Google Scholar
Elina, G. A. (1981). ‘‘Printsipy i metody rekonstruktsii i kartirovaniya rastitel’nosti golotsena [Principles and Methods for Reconstruction and Mapping of Holocene Vegetation],” p. 159. Nauka, Leningrad.Google Scholar
Elina, G. (1987). The main regularities of the Holocene végétation and climate in the East of the Baltic shield. In “Palaeohydrology of the Temperate Zone III. Mires and Lakes” (Raukas, A. and Saarse, L., Eds.), pp. 70–86. Valgus, Tallinn.Google Scholar
Elina, G., and Filimonova, L. (1987). Late-Glacial vegetation on the territory of Karelia. In “Palaeohydrology of the Temperate Zone III. Mires and Lakes” (Raukas, A. and Saarse, L., Eds.), pp. 53–69. Valgus, Tallinn.Google Scholar
Elina, G. A., and Khomutova, V. I. (1987). Correlation of Holocene sequences of bottom sediments from Onega Lake and its old bays in terms of palynological data. In “Methods for the Investigation of Lake Deposits, Palaeoecological and Palaeoclimatological Aspects” (Kabailiene, M., Ed.), pp. 193–203. Vilnius.Google Scholar
Elina, G. A., and Khomutova, V. I. (1988). Lake and swamp ecosystem dynamics of Lacha Lowland in Holocene. In “Bolotnye ekosistemy Evropreiskogo Severa [Swamp Ecosystems of European North],” pp. 25–38. Petrozavodsk.Google Scholar
Elina, G. A. Khomutova, V. I. Teptychaya, T. V., and Chernov, S. B. (1989). Geochronological and palaeobotanical investigation of natural evidences (mire system Razlomnoe). In “Geokhronologiya chetvertichnogo perioda [Geochronology of the Quaternary Period],” Tallinn.Google Scholar
Elovicheva, Ya. K. (1985). The conditions of accumulation of the Holocene calcareous deposits of the Arkhangelsk region. In “Ozernye karbonaty Nechernozemnoi zony SSSR [Lacustrine Carbonate of the Nechernozem Zone of the USSR],” p. 69–78. Perm.Google Scholar
Evans, G. H., and Walker, R. (1977). The late Quaternary history of the diatom flora of Llyn Clyd and Llyn Glas, two small oligotrophic high mountain tarns in Snowdonia (Wales). New Phytologist 78 , 221–236.Google Scholar
Farr, K. M. Jones, D. M. O’Sullivan, P. E. Eglinton, G. Tarling, D. H., and Hedges, R. E. M. (1990). Palaeolimnological studies of laminated sediments from the Shropshire–Cheshire meres. Hydrobiologia 214 , 279–292.Google Scholar
Filimonova, L. V., and Elovicheva, Ya. K. (1988). Main stages of the development of forest and mire vegetation on the territory of the Kivach Nature Reserve. In “Bolotnye ekosistemy evropeiskogo Severa [Mire Ecosystems of Northern Europe],” pp. 94–109. Petrozavodsk.Google Scholar
Florschütz, F. Menéndez Amor, J., and Wijmstra, T. A. (1971). Palynogy of a thick Quaternary succession in southern Spain. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 10 , 233–264.Google Scholar
Follieri, M. Magri, D., and Sadori, L. (1988). 250,000-year pollen record from Valle di Castiglione (Roma). Pollen et Spores 30 , 329–356.Google Scholar
Frey, D. G. (1961). Developmental history of Schleinsee. Verhandlungen Internationale Vereinigung für Limnologie 14 , 271–278.Google Scholar
Fritz, S. C. (1989). Lake development and limnological response to prehistoric and historic land-use in Diss, Norfolk, U. K. Journal of Ecology 77, 182–202.Google Scholar
Gabus, J.-H. Lemdal, G., and Weidmann, M. (1987). Sur l’âge des terrasses lémaniques au SW de Lausanne. Bulletin de la Société vaudoise des Sciences naturelles 78 , 419–429.Google Scholar
Gaillard, M.-J. (1984). A palaeohydrological study of Krageholmssjön (Scania, South Sweden), Regional vegetation history and water-level changes. Lundqua Report 25 , 1–36.Google Scholar
Gaillard, M.-J. (1985). Late-glacial and Holocene environments of some ancient lakes in the western Swiss plateau. Dissertationes Botanicae 87 , 273–336.Google Scholar
Gaillard, M.-J. Reynaud, B. Weber, B., and Wegmüller, S. (1981). Les variations tardiglaciaires et postglaciaires du niveau du lac Léman, apport des données palynologiques Aperçu bibliographique. Archives suisses d’anthropologie générale, Genéve 45 , 117–121.Google Scholar
Gaillard, M.-J. Dearing, J. A. El-Daoushy, F. Enell, M., and Håkansson, H. (1991). A late Holocene record of land-use history, soil erosion, lake trophy and lake-level fluctuations at Bjäresjösjön (South Sweden). Journal of Paleolimnology 6 , 51–81.Google Scholar
Gataullin, N. K., and Kokarovtsev, V. K. (1986). Composition, age and forming conditions of lacustrine lime in Arkhangelsk region. In “Geologiya i poleznye iskopaemye Arkhangel’skoi oblasti (Geology and natural resources of the Arkhangelsk region,” pp. 88–103. Moscow.Google Scholar
Gerlach, T. Koszarski, L. Koperowa, W., and Kosta, E. (1972). Sédiments lacustres postglaciaires dans la dépression de Jaslo-Sanok. Studia Geomorphologia Carpatho-Balcanica 6 , 37–61.Google Scholar
Geyh, M. A. Merkt, J., and Müller, H. (1971). Sediment-, Pollen-, und Isotopenanalysen an jahrezeitlich geschichteten Ablagerungen im zentralen Teil des Schleinsees. Archiv für Hydrobiologie 69 , 366–399.Google Scholar
Giraudi, C. (1989). Lake levels and climate for the last 30,000 years in the Fucino area (Abruzzo-Central Italy)—A review. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 70 , 249–260.Google Scholar
Godwin, H. (1967). Studies of the Post- glacial history of British vegetation. XV. Organic deposits of Old Buckenham Mere, Norfolk. New Phytologist 67 , 95–107.Google Scholar
Godwin, H., and Tallantire, P. A. (1951). Studies in the postglacial history of Britain vegetation. Journal of Ecology 39 , 285–307.Google Scholar
Higgs, E. S. Vita-Finzi, C. Harris, D. R., and Fagg, A. E. (1967). The climate, environment and industries of Stone Age Greece, part III. Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 33 , 1–29.Google Scholar
Hjelmroos, M. (1982). The Holocene development of Lake Wielke Gacno, NW Poland. Acta Palaeobotanica 22 , 23–46.Google Scholar
Hunt, T. G., and Birks, H. J. (1982). Devensian late-glacial vegetational history at Sea Mere, Norfolk. Journal of Biogeography 9 , 517–538.Google Scholar
Huttunen, P. Meriläinen, J., and Tolonen, K. (1978). The history of a small dystrophied forest lake, southern Finland. Polskie Archiwum Hydrobiologii 25 , 189–202.Google Scholar
Hyvärinen, H. (1970). Flandrian pollen diagrams from Svalbard. Geografiska Annaler 52(A), 213–222.Google Scholar
Hyvärinen, H., and Alhonen, P. (1994). Holocene lake-level changes in the Fennoscandian treeline region, western Finnish Lapland, diatom and cladoceran evidence. The Holocene 4 , 251–258.Google Scholar
Hyvärinen, H. Martam, T., and Punning, J-M. (1990). Stable isotope and pollen stratigraphy of a Holocene lake marl section from NE Finland. Boreas 19 , 17–24.Google Scholar
Ilves, E., and Mäemets, H. (1987). Results of radiocarbon and palynological analyses of coastal deposits lakes Tuuljärv and Vaskna. In “Palaeohydrology of the Temperate Zone III. Mires and Lakes” (Raukas, A. and Saarse, L., Eds.), pp. 108–130. Valgus, Tallinn.Google Scholar
Ilves, E., and Sarv, A. (1969). Stratigraphy and chronology of the lacustrinemire deposits of Kalina Mire. Izvestiya Akademii Nauk Estorskoi SSR 29 , 377–384.Google Scholar
Jones, R. Benson-Evans, K., and Chambers, F. M. (1985). Human influence upon sedimentation in Llangorse Lake, Wales. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms 10 , 227–235.Google Scholar
Kabailiene, M. (1965). Some problems of Holocene stratigraphy and palaeogeography in south-east Lithuania. Trudy Instituta Geologii (Vilnius) 2, 302–335.Google Scholar
Kabailiene, M. V. Garunkshtis, A. A. Raukas, A. V. Saarse, L. A., and Tamoshaitis, U. S. (1992). Lake history of Baltic countries. In “Istoriya ozer Vostochno-Evropeiskoi ravniny [Lake History of East-European Plain],” pp. 118–143. Nauka, St. Petersburg.Google Scholar
Kelts, K., and Shahrabi, M. (1986). Holocene sedimentology of hypersaline Lake Urmia, northwestern Iran. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 54 , 105–130.Google Scholar
Khomutova, V. I. (1978). Pollen and spore in the bottom deposits of Vozhe and Lacha lakes. In “Gidrobiologiya ozer Vozhe i Lacha [Hydrobiology of Vozhe and Lacha Lakes],” pp. 236–246. Leningrad.Google Scholar
Khotinskii, N. A. Aleshinskaya, Z. V. Guman, M. A. Klimanov, V. A., and Cherkinskii, A. E. (1991). The new periods scheme of landscape-climate changes in Holocene. Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR, Seriya Geograficheskaya 3 , 30–42.Google Scholar
Kokarovtsev, V. K. (1992). ‘‘Resursy i geologiya golotsenovykh agrokarbonatov permskogo Predural’ya [Resources and Geology of Holocene Agrocarbonates of Permian Pre-Ural region], p. 215.” Ekaterinburg.Google Scholar
Korhola, A. A., and Tikkanen, M. J. (1991). Holocene development and early extreme acidification in a small hilltop lake in southern Finland. Boreas 20 , 333–356.Google Scholar
Kozyrenko, T. F. (1961). Diatom flora of Holocene deposits of Nero Lake. In “Voprosy golotsena [Problems of the Holocene],” pp. 311–324. Vilnius.Google Scholar
Kristiansen, I. L. Mangerud, J., and Lømo, L. (1988). Late Weichselian/early Holocene pollen-and lithostratigraphy in lakes in the Ålesund area, western Norway. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 53 , 185–231.Google Scholar
Krylova, L. I. (1986). Condition of the formation of the Holocene deposits from Krasnokamsk, based on malacofaunal analyses. In “Gazha Nechernozem’ya dlya khimicheskoi melioratsii kislykh pochv [Holocene Carbonate Deposits of the Nechernozem Zone for the Chemical Melioration of Acid Soils],” pp. 64–73. Perm.Google Scholar
Krylova, L. I. (1987). Reconstruction of the carbonaceous deposition environment in lakes based on malacofauna (using the example of the Arkhangelsk region). In “Golotsenovaya karbonatnaya gazha Necherno-zem’ya [Holocene Carbonate Deposits of the Nechernozem Zone],” pp. 65–83. Perm.Google Scholar
Kukkonen, E., and Tynni, R. (1972). Sediment core from lake Lovojärvi, a former meromictic lake (Lammi, south Finland) Annales Academiae Scientiarum Fennicae, Fennica 1972 , 70–82.Google Scholar
Lambert, G. Pétrequin, P., and Richard, H. (1983). Périodicité de l’habitat lacustre néolithique et rythmes agricoles. L’Anthropologie 87 , 393–411.Google Scholar
Lang, G., and Tobolski, K. (1985). Hobschensee—Latg-glaclalandholocene environment of a lake near the timberline. Dissertations Botanicae 87, 209–228.Google Scholar
Levkovskaya, G. M. (1987). ‘‘Priroda i chelovek v srednem golotsene Lubanskoi niziny [Nature and Man in mid-Holocene on the Lubanas Lowland]” Riga, Zinatne.Google Scholar
Liese-Kleiber, H. (1984). Pollenanalysen am Federsee-Forschungsstand und neue Untersuchungen. Berichte zu Uferund Moorsiedlungen Südwestdeutschlands 1 , 80–100.Google Scholar
Lotter, A. (1988). Paläoökologische und paläolimnologische Studie des Rotsees bei Luzern. Pollen-, grossrest-, diatomeen-und sedimentananalytische Untersuchungen. Dissertationes Botanicae 124 , 187.Google Scholar
Lotter, A., and Zbinden, H. (1989), Late-Glacial pollen analysis, oxygenistope record, and radiocarbon stratigraphy from Rotsee (Lucerne), Central Swiss plateau. Eclogicae Geologicae Helvetiae 82 , 191–202.Google Scholar
Loze, I. (1988). ‘‘Poselenie kamennogo veka Lubanskoi niziny. Mezolit, rannii i srednii neolit [The Stone Age Habitation sites of the Lubanas Lowland. Mesolithic, Early and Middle Neolithic]” Riga, Zinatne.Google Scholar
Loze, I., and Eberhards, G. (1983). Principal stages of development and sedimentation of Lubanas Lake in Holocene (Eastern Latvia). Istoriya ozer v SSSR [Lake History in the USSR] 3 , 116–117.Google Scholar
Magny, M., and Richard, H. (1987). Contribution à l’histoire du Lac des Rousses (Jura, France), recherches sedimentologiques et palynologiques. Revue de Paléobiologie 6 , 89–103.Google Scholar
Magny, M., and Richard, H. (1989). Contribution à l’histoire du Petit Lac de Clairvaux. Recherches palynologiques et sédimentologiques. In “Les Sites Littoraux Néolithiques de Clairvaux-les-lacs (Jura). II. Le Neolithique moyen” (Pétrequin, P., Ed.), pp. 79–84. Editions de la Maison des Sciences de l’Homme, Paris.Google Scholar
Magny, M. Richard, H., and Evin, J. (1988). Nouvelle contribution a l’histoire holocéne des lacs du Jura français, recherches sédimentologiques et palynologiques sur les lacs de Chalain, de Clairvaux et de l’Abbaye. Revue de Paléobiologie 7 , 11–23.Google Scholar
Mannion, A. M. (1982). Palynological evidence for lake-level changes during the Flandrian in Scotland. Transactions of the Botanical Society of Edinburgh 44 , 13–18.Google Scholar
Marciniak, B. (1988). Diatoms in bottom sediments of Lake Hobschen, Simplon, Switzerland, Preliminary report. In “Lake, Mire and River Environments During the Last 15000 Years” (Lang, G. and Schlüchter, C., Eds.), pp. 31–39. Balkema, Rotterdam.Google Scholar
Martma, T., and Punning, J.-M. (1987). Oxygen and carbon isotope composition of lacustrine lime of the Rodnichnoe section (Arkhangelsk region). In “Golotsenovaya karbonatnaya gazha Nechernozem’ya [Holocene Carbonate Deposits of the Nechernozem Zone],” pp. 93–97. Perm.Google Scholar
McKeever, M. H. (1984). ‘‘Comparative Palynological Studies of Two Lake Sites in Western Ireland and North-Western Spain,” M.Sc. thesis, Trinity College, Dublin.Google Scholar
Menéndez Amor, J., and Florschütz, F. (1963). Sur les éléments steppiques dans la végétation quaternaire de l’Espagne. Boletin de la Real Sociedad Española de Historia Natural (Sección Geológica) 61 , 121–133.Google Scholar
Menéndez Amor, J., and Florschütz, F. (1964). Resultados del anàlisis paleobotànico de una capa de turba en las cercanías de Huelva (Andalucía). Estudios Geologicos 20 , 183–186.Google Scholar
Molloy, K., and O’Connell, M. (1991). Palaeoecological investigations to-wards the reconstruction of woodland and land-use history at Lough Sheeauns, Connemara, western Ireland. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 67 , 75–113.Google Scholar
Neustadt, M. I. Khotinskii, N. A. Devirts, A. L., and Markova, N. G. (1965). Somino Lake (Yaroslavl region). In “Paleogeografiya i khronologiya verkhnego pleistotsena i golotsena po dannym radiouglerodnogo metoda [Upper Pleistocene and Holocene Palaeogeography and Chronology in the Light of Radiocarbon Dating]” (Neustadt, M. I., Ed.), pp. 66–132. Nauka, Moscow.Google Scholar
Niewiarowski, W. (1978). Fluctuations of water-level in the Goplo Lake and their reasons. Polskie Archiwum Hydrobiologii 25 , 301–306.Google Scholar
Nilsson, T. (1964). Ein neues standardpollendiagramm aus Bjärsjöholmssjön in Schonen. Lunds Universitets Ársskrift N.F.2 56 , 34.Google Scholar
Noryskiewicz, B. (1982). Lake Steklin—A reference site for the Dobrzyn–Chelmno Lake District, N. Poland. Report on palaeoecological studies for the IGCP-Project No. 158B. Acta Palaeobotanica 22 , 65–83.Google Scholar
O’Sullivan, P. E. (1975). Early and Middle-Flandrian pollen zonation in the Eastern Highlands of Scotland. Boreas 4 , 197–207.Google Scholar
O’Sullivan, P. E. (1976). Pollen analysis and radiocarbon dating of a core from Loch Pityoulish, Eastern Highlands of Scotland. Journal of Biogeography 3 , 293–302.Google Scholar
O’Sullivan, P. E. (1990). Studies of varved sediments in the Shropshire–Cheshire meres, UK. ‘‘Geological Survey of Finland,” Special Paper (Saarnisto, M. and Kahra, A., Eds.), Vol. 14, pp. 33–46.Google Scholar
Oeggl, K. (1988). Beiträge zur Vegetationsgeschichte Tirols VII, Das Hochmoor Schwemm. Berichte des naturwissenschaftlich-medizinischen Vereins Innsbruck 75 , 37–60.Google Scholar
Oeggl, K., and Eicher, U. (1989). Pollen-and oxygen-isotope analyses of late-and postglacial sediments from the Schwemm raised bog near Walchsee in Tirol, Austria. Boreas 18 , 245–253.Google Scholar
Orlova, L. A., and Panychev, V. A. (1986). The history of the Chany Lake in the Holocene based on the radiocarbon dates. In “Istoriya sovremennykh ozer [History of Modern Lakes]. Abstracts VII All-Union Symposium,” pp. 225–227. Leningrad-Tallinn.Google Scholar
Overbeck, F. (1975). ‘‘Botanisch-geologische Moorkunde,” Neumünster.Google Scholar
Pachur, H.-J., and Röper, H.-P. (1987). Zur Paläolimnologie Berliner Seen. Berliner Geographische Abhandlungen 44 , 1–150.Google Scholar
Pécsi, M. (1964). ‘‘Ten Years of Physicogeographical Research in Hungary.” Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest.Google Scholar
Peglar, S. Fritz, S. C., and Birks, H. J. (1989). Vegetation and land-use history at Diss, Norfolk, U. K. Journal of Ecology 77 , 203–222.Google Scholar
Pennington, W., and Sackin, M. J. (1975). An application of principal components analysis to the zonation of two Late-Devensian profiles, I. Numerical analysis. New Phytologist 75 , 419–440.Google Scholar
Pirrus, R. Rôuk, A.-M., and Liiva, A. (1987). Geology and stratigraphy of the reference site of Raigastvere Lake in Saadjärv drumlin field. In ‘‘Palaeohydrology of the Temperate Zone II. Lakes” (Raukas, A. and Saarse, L., Eds.), pp. 101–122. Valgus, Tallinn.Google Scholar
Pons, A., and Reille, M. (1988). The Holocene-and upper Pleistocene pollen record from Padul (Granada, Spain), a new study. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 66 , 243–263.Google Scholar
Roberts, N. (1980). ‘‘Late Quaternary Geomorphology and Palaeoecology of the Konya Basin, Turkey,” Unpublished Ph.D. thesis, University College, London.Google Scholar
Roberts, N. (1983). Age, palaeoenvironments, and climatic significance of Late Pleistocene Konya Lake, Turkey. Quaternary Research 19 , 154–171.Google Scholar
Rösch, M. (1985). Nussbaumer Seen—Spät-und postglaziale Umweltsveränderungen einer Seengruppe im östlichen schweizer Mittelland. Dissertationes Botanicae 87 , 337–379.Google Scholar
Saarnisto, M. Huttuen, P., and Tolonen, K. (1977). Annual lamination of sediments in Lake Lovojärvi, south Finland, during the past 600 years. Annales Botanici Fennici 14 , 35–45.Google Scholar
Saarse, L. (1994). ‘‘Donnye otlozheniya malykh ozer Estonii [Bottom Deposits of the Estonia Small Lakes].” Akad. Nauk, Tallinn.Google Scholar
Saarse, L. Rajamäe, R. Heinsalu, A., and Vassiljev, J. (1991). The biostratigraphy of the sediments deposited in the Lake Kaali meteorite impact structure, Saaremaa Island, Estonia. Bulletin of the Geological Society of Finland 63(2), 129–139.Google Scholar
Saarse, L. Rajamäe, R. Sarv, A., and Konigsson, L. K. (in press). ‘‘Development of lakes on the surroundings of Kirikumäe.” PACT.Google Scholar
Sarv, A. A., and Ilves, E. O. (1971). Radiocarbon dated lacustrine and mire deposits of Vaharu Mire (NW Estonia). In “Palinologicheskie issledovaniya v Pribaltike [Palynological Investigations in Baltic States],” pp. 143–149. Riga, Zinatne.Google Scholar
Sayadyan, Yu. V. (1991). Archaeological relic and Sevan Lake history. In ‘‘Istoriya ozer Sevan, Issyl-Kul’, Balkhash, Zaisan i Aral [The History of Lakes Sevan, Issyk-Kul, Balkhash, Zaisan, and Aral],” pp. 31–37. Nauka, Leningrad.Google Scholar
Sayadyan, Yu. V. Aleshinskaya, Z. V., and Khanzadyan, E. V. (1977). Late glacial deposits and archaeology of the Sevan Lake. In “Geologiya chetvertichnogo perioda (Pleistotsen) [Geology of the Quaternary Period (Pleistocene)]” (Sayadyan, Yu. V., Ed.), pp. 91–109. Akad. Nauk Arm. SSR, Yerevan.Google Scholar
Schloss, S. (1979). Pollenanalytische und stratigraphische Untersuchungen im Sewensee. Ein Beitrag zur späat- und postglazialen Vegetationsgeschichte der Südvogesen. Dissertationes Botanicae 52 , 1–138.Google Scholar
Schmidt, R. (1986). Palynologie, stratigraphie und Großreste von Profilen der neolithischen station See am Mondsee, Oberösterreich. Pfahlbauten, Feuchtbodensiedlungen und Packwerke. Bodenmerkmale in einer modernen Umwelt 70 , 227–235.Google Scholar
Schneider, R., and Tobolski, K. (1983). Palynologische und stratigraphische Untersuchungen im Lago di Ganna (Vares, Italien). Botanica Helvetica 93 , 115–122.Google Scholar
Schneider, R., and Tobolski, K. (1985). Lago di Ganna—Late-glaclaland Holocene environments of a lake in the Southern Alps. Dissertationes Botanicae 87 , 229–271.Google Scholar
Schweger, C. Habgood, T., and Hickman, M. (1993). Late Glacial-Holocene climatic changes of Alberta: The record from lake sediment studies. In ‘‘The Impacts of Climatic Fluctuations on Alberta’s Resources and Environment,” pp. 47–60. Atmospheric Environment Service, Report WAES-1-81, Edmonton.Google Scholar
Segerström, U. (1990a). The history of agriculture and végétation at Edefors as reflected in two varved lake sediments. The Post-glacial history of végétation and agriculture in the Lulealv river valley. Archaeology and Environment 7 , 39–57.Google Scholar
Segerström, U. (1990b). The long-term végétational development of the Mid-Luleälv valley, at Vuollerim and Jokkmokk. Archaeology and Environment 7 , 58–69.Google Scholar
Sergeeva, L. V. Trifonova, I. S., and Khomutova, V. I. (1988). Spore and pollen, lithological and pigment analyses of bottom deposits. In ‘‘Ratsional’noe ispol’zovanie prirodnykh resursov v Belorussii [Rational Utilization of Natural Resources in Byelorussia],” pp. 14–19. Leningrad.Google Scholar
Sevastyanov, D. V., and Dorofeyuk, N. I. (1992). The history of the water ecosystem of Mongolia. Izvestiya Vsesoyuznogo Geograficheskaya Obshchestva 124 , 123–138.Google Scholar
Sevastyanov, D. V. Dorofeyuk, N. I., and Liiva, A. A. (1989). The origin and evolution of the volcanic Terkhiin-Tsagan-Nur Lake in Central Hangai (MPR). Izvestiya Vsesoyuznogo Geograficheskaya Obshchestva 121, 223–227.Google Scholar
Shinitnikov, A. V. (1975). From the history of the lakes in Northern Kazakhstan. In “Ozera Kazakhstana i Kirghizii i ikh istoriya [Lakes of Kazakhstan and Kirghizia and Their History],” pp. 5–27. Nauka, Leningrad.Google Scholar
Shnitnikov, A. V. Sevastyanov, D. V. Berdovskaya, G. N., and Tarnovskii, A. A. (1980). Palaeogeography of Sonkel Lake in the Holocene. Izvestiya Vsesoyuznogo Geograficheskaya Obshchestva 112 , 497–506.Google Scholar
Shuliya, K. Luyanas, V. Kibilda, Z. Banys, J., and Genutiene, I. (1967). Stratigraphy and chronology of the deposits in hollow of Bebrukas Lake. Trudy Instituta Geologii (Vilnius) 5 , 231–238.Google Scholar
Sims, R. E. (1978). Man and vegetation in Norfolk. The effect of man on the landscape, the lowland zone. Council of British Archaeology Report 21 , 57–62.Google Scholar
Smith, A. G. (1961). Cannons Lough, Kilrea, Co. Derry, Stratigraphy and pollen analysis. Proceedings of Royal Irish Academy 61(B), 369–383.Google Scholar
Sorsa, P. (1965). Pollenanalytische untersuchungen zur spätqartären vegetations und klimaentwicklung im östlichen Nordfinland. Annales Botanici Fennici 2 , 301–413.Google Scholar
Stasiak, J. (1963). Historia jeziora Kruklin w swietle osadów strefy litoralnej. Polska Akademia Nauk Instytut Geografii, Prace Geograficzne 42 , 1–94.Google Scholar
Stevenson, A. C. (1985). Studies in the vegetational history of S.W. Spain. II. Palynological investigations at Laguna de las Madres, S.W. Spain. Journal of Biogeography 12 , 293–314.Google Scholar
Stewart, D. A. Walker, A., and Dickson, J. H. (1984). Pollen diagrams from Dubh Lochan, near Loch Lomond. New Phytologist 98 , 531–549.Google Scholar
Street-Perrott, F. A. Marchand, D. S. Roberts, N., and Harrison, S. P. (1989). ‘‘Global lake-level variations from 18,000 to 0 years ago, a palaeoclimatic analysis.” U.S. Department of Energy Technical Report U.S. DOE/ER/60304-H1 TR046.Google Scholar
Streif, H. (1970). Limnogeologische Untersuchung des Seeburger Sees (Untereichsfeld) (Geologische Untersuchungen an niedersächsischen Binnengewässern VII). Beihefte zum Geologischen Jahrbuch 83 , 1–106.Google Scholar
Tarasov, P. E. (1992). ‘‘Holocene palaeogeography of the steppe zone of Northern and Central Kazakhstan.” Thesis Cand. Sc. (Geography) Dissertation, Moscow State University, Moscow.Google Scholar
Tarasov, P. E. Harrison, S. P. Saarse, L. Pushenko, M. Ya. Andreev, A. A. Aleshinskaya, Z. V. Davydova, N. N. Dorofeyuk, N. I. Efremov, Yu. V. Khomutova, V. I. Sevastyanov, D. V. Tamosaitis, J. Uspenskaya, O. N. Yakushko, O. F., and Tarasova, I. V. (1994). ‘‘Lake Status Records from the Former Soviet Union and Mongolia, Data Base Documentation.” NOAA Paleoclimatology Publications Series Report 2, Boulder.Google Scholar
Thelaus, M. (1989). Late Quaternary vegetation history and palaeohydrology of the Sandsjön-Arshult area, southwestern Sweden. Lundqua Thesis 26 , 1–77.Google Scholar
Tolonen, M. (1978). Paleoecology of annually-laminated sediments in Lake Ahvenainen, South Finland. III, Human influence on lake development. Annales Botanici Fennici 15 , 177–208.Google Scholar
Tolonen, M. (1980). Degradation analysis of pollen in sediment of lake Lamminjärvi, S Finland. Annales Botanici Fennici 17 , 11–14.Google Scholar
Tolonen, M. (1984). Differences in pollen and macrophytic remains in sediments from various depths in a small kettle-hole lake in southern Finland. Boreas 13 , 404–412.Google Scholar
Uspenskaya, O. N. (1979). ‘‘Studying of the lakes history by method of complex biology analysis.” Thesis Cand. Sci. (Biol.) Dissertation, Moscow State University, Moscow.Google Scholar
Van den Brink, L. M., and Janssen, C. R. (1985). The effect of human activities during cultural phases on the development of montane végétation in the Serra da Estrela, Portugal. Review ofPalaeobotany and Palynology 44 , 193–215.Google Scholar
Vasari, Y. (1972). The history of the végétation of Iceland during the Holocene. Climatic changes in Arctic areas during the last ten-thousand years (Vasari, Y. Hyvärinen, H., and Hicks, S., Eds.). Acta University of Oulu A 3 , 239–251.Google Scholar
Vipper, P. B., and Smirnov, N. N. (1979). The studying of biogeocenozes history by the fresh water lakes bottom deposits. In “Obshchie metody izucheniya istorii sovremennykh ekosistem [General Methods for Studying History of Modern Ecosystems],” pp. 14–39. Nauka, Moscow.Google Scholar
Volkov, I. A., and Arkhipov, S. A. (1978). ‘‘Chetvertichnye otlozheniya Novosibirskoi oblasti [Quaternary Deposits of Novosibirsk Region].” Novosibirsk.Google Scholar
Vorren, K.-D. (1978). Late and middle Weichselian stratigraphy of Andøya, north Norway. Boreas 7 , 19–38.Google Scholar
Vorren, T. Vorren, K.-D. Alm, T. Gulliksen, S., and Løvlie, R. (1988). The last deglaciation (20,000 to 11,000 B.P.) on Andøya, northern Norway. Boreas 17 , 41–77.Google Scholar
Walker, M. J. C. (1982). The late-glacial and early Flandrian deposits at Traeth Mawr, Brecon Beacons, South Wales. New Phytologist 90 , 177–194.Google Scholar
Walker, R. (1978). Diatom and pollen studies of a sediment profile from Melynllyn, a mountain tarn in Snowdonia, North Wales. New Phytologist 81 , 791–804.Google Scholar
Yakushko, O. F. Rachevskii, A. N. Zukhovitskaya, A. L. Elovicheva, Ya. K. Bogdel’, I. I., and Vlasov, B. P. (1992). Lake history of Byelorussia. In “Istoriya ozer Vostochno-Evropeiskoi ravniny (Lake history of the East-European Plain),” pp. 144–167. Nauka, St. Petersburg.Google Scholar
Yu, G., and Harrison, S. P. (1995). ‘‘Lake Status Records from Europe, Data Base Documentation,” NOAA Paleoclimatology Publications Series Report 3, Boulder.Google Scholar
Zernitskaya, V. P. Krutous, E. A., and Klimanov, V. A. (1988). Studies of mire for the purpose of reconstruction of the climatic peculiarities of the Byelorussian Poles’e. In “Voprosy prikladnoi geomorfologii [Problems of the Practical Geomorphology],” pp. 68–73. Minsk Nauka, Tekhnika.Google Scholar
Zubovich, S. F. (1987). Palaeogeography of the formation of carbonate deposits in Lake Rodnichnoe, Arkhangelsk Province. In “Golotsenovaya karbonatnaya gazha Nechernozem’ya [Holocene Carbonate Deposits of the Nechernozem Zone],” pp. 84–93. Perm.Google Scholar
Zubovich, S. F. Kokarovtsev, V. K., and Uspenskaya, O. N. (1988). Climate of the north woodland zone of the European part of the USSR. In “Paleoklimaty golotsena evropeiskoi territorii SSSR [Holocene Palaeoclimates of the European Part of the USSR]” (Khotinskii, N. A. and Klimanov, V. A., Eds.), pp. 29–35. Moscow.Google Scholar