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The Holocene thermal maximum and late-Holocene cooling in the tundra of NE European Russia

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

J. Sakari Salonen ,
Heikki Seppä ,
Minna Väliranta ,
Vivienne J. Jones ,
Angela Self ,
Maija Heikkilä ,
Seija Kultti  and
Handong Yang
J. Sakari Salonen*
Affiliation:
Department of Geosciences and Geography, PO Box 64, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
Heikki Seppä
Affiliation:
Department of Geosciences and Geography, PO Box 64, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
Minna Väliranta
Affiliation:
Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
Vivienne J. Jones
Affiliation:
Environmental Change Research Centre, Department of Geography, University College London, London, UK
Angela Self
Affiliation:
Environmental Change Research Centre, Department of Geography, University College London, London, UK
Maija Heikkilä
Affiliation:
Department of Geosciences and Geography, PO Box 64, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
Seija Kultti
Affiliation:
Department of Geosciences and Geography, PO Box 64, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
Handong Yang
Affiliation:
Environmental Change Research Centre, Department of Geography, University College London, London, UK
*
⁎Corresponding author. Fax: + 358 9 19150826.
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Abstract

To investigate the Holocene climate and treeline dynamics in the European Russian Arctic, we analysed sediment pollen, conifer stomata, and plant macrofossils from Lake Kharinei, a tundra lake near the treeline in the Pechora area. We present quantitative summer temperature reconstructions from Lake Kharinei and Lake Tumbulovaty, a previously studied lake in the same region, using a pollen–climate transfer function based on a new calibration set from northern European Russia. Our records suggest that the early-Holocene summer temperatures from 11,500 cal yr BP onwards were already slightly higher than at present, followed by a stable Holocene Thermal Maximum (HTM) at 8000–3500 cal yr BP when summer temperatures in the tundra were ca. 3°C above present-day values. A Picea forest surrounded Lake Kharinei during the HTM, reaching 150 km north of the present taiga limit. The HTM ended with a temperature drop at 3500–2500 cal yr BP associated with permafrost initiation in the region. Mixed spruce forest began to disappear around Lake Kharinei at ca. 3500 cal yr BP, with the last tree macrofossils recorded at ca. 2500 cal yr BP, suggesting that the present wide tundra zone in the Pechora region formed during the last ca. 3500 yr.

Keywords

Summer temperaturePollenPlant macrofossilsStomataTransfer function
Type
Research Article
Information
Quaternary Research , Volume 75 , Issue 3 , May 2011 , pp. 501 - 511
Copyright
University of Washington

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