Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-dh8gc Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-20T00:20:27.991Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Grande Pile Peat Bog: A Continuous Pollen Record for the Last 140,000 Years

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Geneviève M. Woillard
Geneviève M. Woillard*
Affiliation:
laboratoire de Palynologie et de Phytosociologie, Institut de Botanique, Université Catholique de Louvain, Place Croix-du-Sud, 4, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgique
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

In the Southern Vosges Mountains, Northeastern France, the Grande Pile peat bog (47° 44′ N, 6°30′14″ E, 330-m altitude, about 20 m deep) gives a continuous pollen sequence for the last 140,000 years, contrary to others in Northwestern and Central Europe which are all truncated. For the first time, in a region close to the type locatity for the Eem deposits and close to the Würm and Riss stratotypes, palynology demonstrates a complete “glacial-interglacial cycle” offering the possibility of studying the rapid degradation of vegetation at the end of the Last Interglacial, perhaps in sufficient detail to be useful soon in long-term global climate forecasting. The Grande Pile pollen sequence shows, between the classical Eemian Interglacial and the Last (Würm) Glaciation, two temperate intervals interpreted as interglacials (palynological definition): St. Germain I and St. Germain II. These are separated by two very cold phases, probably glacial: Melisey I and Melisey II. This sequence, not easily correlated with the classical European chronology of Woldstedt, agrees well with Frenzel's chronology and, therefore, makes the synchrony of the Alpine glaciations with those of Northern Germany questionable. An attempt is made to correlate the Grande Pile pollen sequence with other chronologies (e.g., deep sea curves based on foraminiferal fauna, oxygen isotopes, and carbonate content, Barbados sea levels, Rocky Mountains sequence) that span the period between 140,000 and 70,000 years BP.

Type
Original Articles
Information
Quaternary Research , Volume 9 , Issue 1 , January 1978 , pp. 1 - 21
Copyright
University of Washington

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Andersen, S.Th., 1961. Vegetation and its environment in Denmark in the Early Weichselian Glacial (Last Glacial). Danmarks Geologiske Undersögelse II Raekke. 75, 1 175.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Andersen, S.Th., 1965. Interglacialer og Interstadialer i Danmarks Kwartaer. Meddelelser fra Dansk Geologisk Forening, Kopenhagen. 15, 4 486 506.Google Scholar
Averdieck, F.R., 1967. Die Vegetationsentwicklung des Eem-Interglazials und der Frühwürm-Interstadiale von Odderade/Schleswig-Holstein. Fundamenta. 2, 101 125.Google Scholar
Averdieck, F.R., 1971. Zur postglazialen Geschichte der Eibe (Taxus baccata L.) in Nordwestdeutschland. Flora. 160, 28 42.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bastin, B., 1971. Recherches sur l'évolution du peuplement 70égétal en Belgique durant la glaciation de Würm. Acta Geographica Lovaniensia. 9, 1 136.Google Scholar
Behre, K.E., 1962. Pollen-und diatomeenanalytische Untersuchungen an letztinterglazialen Kieselgurlagern der Lüneburger Heide. Flora. 152, 325 370.Google Scholar
Behre, K.E., 1970. Die Flora des Helgoländer Süsswasser “Töcks,” eines Eem-Interglazials unter des Nordsee. Flora. 159, 133 146.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Beug, H.J., 1971. Die Bedeutung der Interglazialen Ablagerungen von Zeifen und Eurach (Oberbayern, BRD) für die Vegetationsgeschichte der Eem-Warmzeit am Nordrand der Alpen. Proceedings of the Third International Palynological Conference. Novosibirsk 7 13.Google Scholar
Broecker, W.S., van Donk, J., 1970. Insolation changes, ice volumes, and O18 record in deepsea cores. Reviews of Geophysics and Space Physics. 8, 169 198.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chappell, J., 1973. Astronomical theory of climatic change: Status and problem. Quaternary Research. 3, 221 236.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dansgaard, W., Johnsen, S.J., Clausen, H.B., Langway, C.C., 1971. Climatic record revealed by Camp Century ice core. Turekian, K.K., Late Cenozoic Glacial Ages. Yale University Press, Cambridge, 37 56.Google Scholar
Dansgaard, W., Johnsen, S.J., Clausen, H.B., Langway, C.C., 1972. Speculations about the next glaciation. Quaternary Research. 2, 396 398.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Emiliani, C., 1955. Pleistocene temperatures. Journal of Geology. 63, 538 578.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Emiliani, C., 1966. Paleotemperature analysis of Caribbean cores P6304-8 and P6304-9 and a generalized temperature curve for the past 425,000 years. Journal of Geology. 74, 109 126.Google Scholar
Emiliani, C., 1969. Interglacial high sea levels and the control of Greenland ice by the precession of the equinoxes. Science. 166, 1503 1504.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Emiliani, C., 1970. Pleistocene paleotemperatures. Science. 168, 822 825.Google Scholar
Emiliani, C., 1971. The Last Interglacial: Paleotemperatures and chronology. Science. 171, 571 573.Google Scholar
Emiliani, C., 1972a. Quaternary hypsithermals. Quaternary Research. 2, 270 273.Google Scholar
Emiliani, C., 1972b. Quaternary paleotemperatures and the duration of the high-temperature intervals. Science. 178, 398 401.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Erd, K., 1970. Pollen-analytical classification of the Middle Pleistocene in German Democratic Republic. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. 8, 129 145.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ericson, D.B., Ewing, M., Wollin, G., Heezen, B.C., 1961. Atlantic deep-sea sediment cores. Bulletin of the Geological Society of America. 72, 173 286.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Florschütz, F., Menendez Amor, J., Wijmstra, T.A., ütz et al., 1971. Palynology of a thick Quaternary succession in Southern Spain. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. 10, 233 264.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Frenzel, B., 1964. Zur Pollenanalyse von Lössen. Eiszeitalter und Gegenwart. 15, 5 39.Google Scholar
Frenzel, B., 1967. Die Klimaschwankungen des Eiszeitalters. Braunschweig. 1 296.Google Scholar
Frenzel, B., 1968. Grundzüge der Pleistozänen Vegetations-geschichte Nord-Eurasiens. Wiesbaden. 1 326.Google Scholar
Frenzel, B., 1973a. 2. Some remarks on the Pleistocene vegetation. Eiszeitalter und Gegenwart. 23/24, 281 292.Google Scholar
Frenzel, B., 1973b. 3. On the Pleistocene vegetation history. Eiszeitalter und Gegenwart. 23/24, 321 332.Google Scholar
Ghoundiwal, G.A., 1976. Recherches sur les Diatomées Fossiles du Pléistocène Supérieur en Haute-Saône (France) et dans la Région de Zoutleeuw (Léau-Belgique). Ph.D. Thesis. Katholieke Universiteit te Leuven, België. Google Scholar
van der Hammen, T., 1971. The Denekamp, Hengelo and Moershoofd Interstadials. Mededelingen Rijks Geologische Dienst, Nieuwe Serie. 22, 81 85.Google Scholar
van der Hammen, T., Maarleveld, G.C., Vogel, J.C., Zagwijn, W.H., 1967. Stratigraphy, climatic succession and radiocarbon dating of the Last Glacial in the Netherlands. Geologie en Mijnbouw. 46, 3 79 95.Google Scholar
van der Hammen, T., Wijmstra, T.A., Zagwijn, W.H., 1971. The flora record of the Late Cenozoic of Europe. Turekian, K.K., The Late Cenozoic Glacial Ages. Yale University Press, Cambridge, 391 424.Google Scholar
Hays, J.D., Perruzza, A., 1972. The signification of calcium carbonate oscillations in Eastern Equatorial Atlantic deep-sea sediments for the end of the Holocene warm interval. Quaternary Research. 2, 355 362.Google Scholar
Jessen, K., Milthers, 71., 1928. Stratigraphical and paleontological studies of interglacial deposits in Jutland and Northwest Germany. Danmarks Geologiske Undersögelse II Raekke. 48, 1 379.Google Scholar
Johnsen, S.J., Dansgaard, W., Clausen, H.B., Langway, C.C., 1972. Oxygen isotope profiles through the Antarctic and Greenland ice sheets. Nature (London). 235, 429 434.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jung, W., Beug, H.J., Demm, R., 1972. Das Riss-Würm Interglazial von Zeifen, Landkreis Laufen a. d. Salzach. Verlag der Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften. 151, 1 131.Google Scholar
Kennett, J.P., Huddlestun, P., 1972. Abrupt climatic change at 90,000 yr BP: Faunal evidence from Gulf of Mexico cores. Quaternary Research. 2, 384 395.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ku, T.L., Kimmel, M.A., Easton, W.H., O'Neil, T.J., 1974. Eustatic sea level 120,000 years ago on Oahu, Hawaii. Science. 183, 959 962.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kukla, G.J., 1970. Correlation between loesses and deep-sea sediments. Geologiska Foereningens Stockholm Foerhandlingar. 92, 148 180.Google Scholar
Kukla, G.J., Koc̆í, A., ̆í, 1972. End of the Last Interglacial in the Loess Record. Quaternary Research. 2, 374 383.Google Scholar
Kukla, G.J., Kukla, H.J., 1972. Insolation regime of interglacials. Quaternary Research. 2, 412 424.Google Scholar
Kukla, G.J., Mathews, R.K., Mitchell, J.M., 1972. Guest editorial: The end of the present interglacial. Quaternary Research. 2, 261 269.Google Scholar
Leroi-Gourhan, Ar., 1973. Analyses polliniques, préhistoire et variations climatiques Quaternaires. Colloques Internationaux du Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique. 219, 61 66.Google Scholar
Louis, A., 1976. Etude des fluctuations floristiques algales comme paramètres des fluctuations climatiques dans le Pléistocène supérieur et l'Holocène. Studia Algologica Lovaniensia. 5, 1 185.Google Scholar
Matthews, R.K., 1972. Dynamics of the oceancryosphere system: Barbados data. Quaternary Research. 2, 368 383.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Matthews, R.K., 1973. Relative elevation of Late Pleistocene high sea level stands: Barbados uplift rates and their implications. Quaternary Research. 3, 147 153.Google Scholar
McIntyre, A., Ruddiman, W.F., 1972. Northeast Atlantic Post-Eemian paleooceanography: A predictive analog of the future. Quaternary Research. 2, 350 354.Google Scholar
McIntyre, A., Ruddiman, W.F., Jantzen, R., 1972. Southward penetrations of the North Atlantic polar front: Faunal and floral evidence of large-scale surface water mass movements over the last 225,000 years. Deep-Sea Research. 19, 61 77.Google Scholar
Mesolella, K.J., Matthews, R.K., Broecker, W.S., Thurber, D.L., 1969. The astronomical theory of climatic change: Barbados data. Journal of Geology. 77, 250 274.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Menke, B., 1972. Wann begann die Eiszeit. Umschau in Wissenshaft und Technik. 7, 214 218.Google Scholar
Menke, B., Behre, K.E., 1973. History of vegetation and biostratigraphy. Eiszeitalter und Gegenwart. 23/24, 251 267.Google Scholar
Mörner, N.-A., örner, 1972a. The cold/warm changes during the Last Ice Age. With special reference to the stratigraphy at Dösebacka and Ellesbo in South-west Sweden. Acta Universitatis Stockholmiensis, Stockholm Contributions in Geology. 24, 4 51 77.Google Scholar
Mörner, N.-A., örner, 1972b. World climate during the last 130,000 years. 24th International Geological Congress. Montreal, 1972 72 79 Section 12.Google Scholar
Mörner, N.-A., örner, 1972c. When will the Present Interglacial end?. Quaternary Research. 2, 341 349.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mörner, N.-A., örner, 1974. Ocean paleotemperature and continental glaciations. Colloques Internationaux du Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique. 219, 43 49.Google Scholar
Penck, A., Brückner, E., ückner, 1901/1909. Die Alpen im Eiszeitalter. Leipzig. 2, 395 716.Google Scholar
Richmond, G.M., 1970. Comparison of the Quaternary stratigraphy of the Alps and Rocky Mountains. Quaternary Research. 1, 3 28.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Richmond, G.M., 1972. Appraisal of the future climate of the Holocene in the Rocky Mountains. Quaternary Research. 2, 315 322.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Richmond, G.M., 1973. A partial Quaternary chronology from Yellowstone National Park. IX INQUA Congress. Christchurch, New Zealand .Google Scholar
Sancetta, C., Imbrie, J., Kipp, N.G., McIntyre, A., Ruddiman, W.F., 1972. Climatic record in North Atlantic deep-sea core 72 23–82: Comparison of the Last and Present interglacials based on quantitative time series. Quaternary Research. 2, 363 367.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sancetta, C., Imbrie, J., Kipp, N.G., 1973. Climatic record of the past 130,000 years in North Atlantic deep-sea core 73 23–82: Correlation with the terrestrial record. Quaternary Research. 3, 110 116.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schütrumpf, R., ütrumpf, 1967. Die Profile von Loopstedt und Geeshacht in Schleswig-Holstein. Ein Beitrag zur vegetationsgeschichlichen Gliederung des jüngeren pleistozäns. Fundamenta. 2, 136 167.Google Scholar
Selle, W., 1954. Die Vegetationentwicklung des Interglazials von Ober-Ohe in der Lüneburger Heide. Abhandlungen Naturwissenschaft Verein Bremen. 33, 457 463.Google Scholar
Selle, W., 1955. Die Vegetationentwicklung des Interglazials vom Typ Ober-Ohe. Abhandlungen Naturwissenschaft Verein Bremen. 34, 33 46.Google Scholar
Selle, W., 1957. Das letzte Interglazial in Niedersachsen. Bericht der Naturhistorische Gesellschaft, Hannover. 103, 77 89.Google Scholar
Selle, W., 1958. Das Interglazial von Neuenförde. Geologisches Jahrbuch. 76, 191 198.Google Scholar
Selle, W., 1960. Das Interglazial von Praschnitz. Geologisches Jahrbuch. 77, 319 328.Google Scholar
Selle, W., 1962. Geologische und vegetationskundlische Untersuchungen an einige wichtigen vorkommen des letzte Interglazials in Nordwestdeutschland. Geologisches Jahrbuch. 79, 295 352.Google Scholar
Seret, G., 1967 Les Systèmes Glaciaires du Bassin de la Moselle et Leurs Enseignements. Société Royale Belge de Géographie, Belgium. Google Scholar
Seret, G., Woillard, G., 1976. The glaciations in the “Vosges Lorraines”. Führer zur Exkursionstagung des IGCP Projektes 73/1/24. Quaternary Glaciations in the Northern Hemisphere. 1 13 5–13 September 1976, in den Südvosgesen, im Nördlichen Alpenvorland und in Tirol.Google Scholar
Shackleton, N.J., 1969. The last Interglacial in the marine and terrestrial records. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B. 174, 135 154.Google Scholar
Suggate, R.P., 1974. When did the Last Interglacial end?. Quaternary Research. 4, 246 256.Google Scholar
Thompson, P., Schwarcz, H.P., Ford, D.C., 1974. Continental Pleistocene climatic variations from Speleothem Age and isotopic data. Science. 184, 893 895.Google Scholar
Turner, C., 1970. The Middle Pleistocene deposits at Marks Tey, Essex. Biological Sciences. 257, 373 440.Google Scholar
West, R.G., 1968. Pleistocene geology and biology. Longmans, Green, New York. Google Scholar
Wijmstra, T.A., 1969. Palynology of the first 30 metres of a 120 M deep section in Northern Greece. Acta Botanica Neerlandica. 18, 511 527.Google Scholar
Wijmstra, T.A., van der Hammen, T., 1974. The Last Interglacial-Glacial cycle: State of affairs of correlation between data obtained from the land and from the ocean. Geologie en Mijnbouw. 53, 6 386 392.Google Scholar
Woillard, G., 1973. Mise en évidence de l'Eemien sur le plateau de Haute-Saône. Comptes Rendus Académie des Sciences Paris. 276, 939 942.Google Scholar
Woillard, G., 1974. Exposé des recherches palynologiques sur le Pléistocène dans l'Est de la Belgique et dans les Vosges Lorraines. Travaux du Laboratoire de Palynologie et de Phytosociologie. Université Catholique Louvain. Google Scholar
Woillard, G., 1975. Recherches palynologiques sur le Pléistocène dans l'Est de la Belgique et dans les Vosges Lorraines. Acta Geographica Lovaniensia. 14, 1 168.Google Scholar
Woillard, G., 1976. Comparison between the chronology from the beginning of the classical Eemian to the beginning of the classical Würm in Grande Pile peatbog, and other chronologies in the world. International Geological Correlation Programme (IGCP), Project 73/1/24. Quaternary Glaciations in the Northern Hemisphere. Université Catholique de Louvain, Report 4, Session in Stuttgart-Hohenheim, 5–13 September 1976, Prague 1977, 72–82. Travaux du Laboratoire de Palynologie et de Phytosociologie.Google Scholar
Woldstedt, P., 1958 Das Eiszeitalter. Grundlinien einer Geologie der Quartärs, Stuttgart. Google Scholar
Zagwijn, W.H., 1961. Vegetation, climate and radiocarbon datings in the Late Pleistocene of the Netherlands. Part I: Eemian and Early Weichselian. Memoirs of the Geological Foundation in the Netherlands, Nieuwe Serie. 14, 15 45.Google Scholar
Zagwijn, W.H., 1974. Vegetation, climate and radiocarbon datings in the Late Pleistocene of the Netherlands. Part II: Middle Weichselian. Mededelingen Rijks Geologische Dienst, Nieuwe Serie. 25, 101 111.Google Scholar