Hostname: page-component-55f67697df-xlmdk Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2025-05-09T07:29:27.397Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Geological dating of the earliest Minusinsk Depression rock art, the Maydashy site, Southern Siberia

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  29 April 2025

Dmitriy G. Malikov Open the ORCID record for Dmitriy G. Malikov [Opens in a new window] ,
Lydia V. Zotkina Open the ORCID record for Lydia V. Zotkina [Opens in a new window] ,
Roman V. Davydov ,
Ekaterina L. Malikova Open the ORCID record for Ekaterina L. Malikova [Opens in a new window] ,
Elena A. Miklashevich Open the ORCID record for Elena A. Miklashevich [Opens in a new window] ,
Aleksey V. Petrozhitskiy Open the ORCID record for Aleksey V. Petrozhitskiy [Opens in a new window] ,
Olesya V. Ershova Open the ORCID record for Olesya V. Ershova [Opens in a new window]  and
Anna A. Cherezova Open the ORCID record for Anna A. Cherezova [Opens in a new window]
Dmitriy G. Malikov
Affiliation:
Sobolev Institute of Geology and Mineralogy of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
Lydia V. Zotkina*
Affiliation:
The Federal State Budgetary Institution of Science, The Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IAET SB RAS), 630090, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
Roman V. Davydov
Affiliation:
The Federal State Budgetary Institution of Science, The Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IAET SB RAS), 630090, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
Ekaterina L. Malikova
Affiliation:
Sobolev Institute of Geology and Mineralogy of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
Elena A. Miklashevich
Affiliation:
Institute of Archaeology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117292, Moscow, Russian Federation “Tomskaya Pisanitsa” Kuzbass Museum-reserve, 650099, Kemerovo, Russian Federation
Aleksey V. Petrozhitskiy
Affiliation:
Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (BINP SB RAS), 630090, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
Olesya V. Ershova
Affiliation:
Novosibirsk State University, AMS Golden Valley, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
Anna A. Cherezova
Affiliation:
Federal State Budgetary Enterprise “All-Russian Geological Research Institute of A.P. Karpinsky” (Karpinsky Institute), 199106, Saint-Petersburg, Russian Federation
*
Corresponding author: Lydia V. Zotkina; Email: [email protected]
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

The hypothesis of Paleolithic rock art in Siberia remains neither proven nor disproven. This research provides key evidence for a later age of the earliest known images in the Minusinsk Depression. A set of geological, geomorphological, and absolute-dating methods was utilized to reconstruct the geological history of the Maydashy rock art site (Minusinsk Depression, Southern Siberia). This research for the first time has allowed us to date the lower chronological boundary of the period when the earliest images known in Southern Siberia as “Minusinsk Style” were created. In the Late Pleistocene, the cliff area of the site was buried under alluvial deposits of the first floodplain terrace of the Yenisei River that formed in the second half of MIS 2. At the beginning of the Holocene, before its optimal onset, Yenisei eroded the terrace and exposed the rock surface to mark the potential lower boundary (< 11 ka) when the Maydashy site images were carved. This approach can be useful in rock art research for dating carvings from open-air sites; it is applicable for the rock art sites of other regions where ravine formation affected their natural context.

Keywords

Geological datingAMSOSLrock artearliest imageryMaydashy rock art siteholoceneMinusinsk DepressionSouthern Siberia
Type
Research Article
Information
Quaternary Research , First View , pp. 1 - 14
Check for updates
Copyright
© The Author(s), 2025. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of Quaternary Research Center.

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Article purchase

Temporarily unavailable

References

Abolonkova, I.V., Zotkina, L.V., K.A, Kolobova., in press. Stylistic parameters of Minusinsk rock art style. Archaeology, Ethnology & Anthropology of Eurasia.Google Scholar
Abramova, Z.A., 1979a. The Paleolithic of the Yenisei. Kokorev Culture. Nauka, Novosibirsk. [in Russian]Google Scholar
Abramova, Z.A., 1979b. The Paleolithic of the Yenisei. Afontov Culture. Nauka, Novosibirsk. [in Russian]Google Scholar
Abramova, Z.A., Astakhov, S.N., Vasil’ev, S.A., Ermolova, N.M., N.F, Lisitsyn., 1991. The Paleolithic of the Yenisey. Nauka, Leningrad. [In Russian]Google Scholar
Adrianov, A.V., 1904. Preliminary information about the collection of scribblings in the Minusinsk region in the summer of 1904. Proceedings of the Russian Committee for the Study of Central and East Asia in Historical, Archaeological, Linguistic and Ethnographic Relations 4, 25–33. [in Russian]Google Scholar
Adrianov, A.V., 1906. Rock Art Sites of Yenisei Region. Archives of the Museum of Archaeology and Ethnography of Siberia, Tomsk State University, Tomsk. Archival file 55. [in Russian]Google Scholar
Ambrose, S.H., 1990. Preparation and characterization of bone and tooth collagen for isotopic analysis. Journal of Archaeological Science 17, 431–451. https://doi.org/10.1016/0305-4403(90)90007-RCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Aubry, T., Dimuccio, L.A., Mercè Bergadà, M., Sampaio, J.D., Sellami, F., 2010. Palaeolithic engravings and sedimentary environments in the Côa River Valley (Portugal): implications for the detection, interpretation and dating of open-air rock art. Journal of Archaeological Science 37, 3306–3319. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jas.2010.07.033CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Banerjee, D., Murray, A.S., Bøtter-Jensen, L., Lang, A., 2001. Equivalent dose estimation using a single aliquot of polymineral fine grains. Radiation Measurements 33, 73–94. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1350-4487(00)00101-3CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bobrov, V.A., Maltsev, A.E., Krivonogov, S.K., Preis, Yu.I., Klimin, M.A., Leonova, G.A., 2023. Peatland history under post-glacial climate changes in the southern Baikal region: biogeochemical evidence from the Vydrino Bog (Tankhoi piedmont plain). Quaternary International 672, 14–29. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2023.09.007CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cunningham, A.C., Wallinga, J., 2010. Selection of integration time intervals for quartz OSL decay curves. Quaternary Geochronology 5, 657–666. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quageo.2010.08.004CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Delannoy, J.-J., Bruno David, B., Genuite, K., Gunn, R., Finch, D., Ouzman, S., Green, H., et al., 2020. Investigating the anthropic construction of rock art sites through archaeomorphology: the case of Borologa, Kimberley, Australia. Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory 27, 631–669.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Deline, P., Ravanel, L., Delannoy, J.-J., Le Roy, M., Molodin, V.I., Cheremisim, D.V., Zotkina, L.V., Cretin, C., Geneste, J.-M., Plisson, H., 2020. Geomorphology of the upper Kalguty Basin, Ukok Plateau, Russian Altai mountains. Journal of Maps 16, 595–604. https://doi.org/10.1080/17445647.2020.1800529CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Deline, P., Ravanel, L., Delannoy, J.-J., Le Roy, M., Team, Aster, Léanni, L., Cheremisin, D.V., et al., 2023. Timing and extent of glaciation since the Last Glacial Maximum in the upper Kalguty Basin, Russian Altai Mountains. Journal of Quaternary Science 38, 1082–1102. https://doi.org/10.1002/jqs.3535CrossRefGoogle Scholar
DeNiro, M.J., 1985. Postmortem preservation and alteration of in vivo bone collagen isotope ratios in relation to palaeodietary reconstruction. Nature 317, 806–809.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dotterweich, M., 2005. High-resolution reconstruction of a 1300 year old gully system in northern Bavaria, Germany: a basis for modelling long-term human-induced landscape evolution. The Holocene 15, 994–1005. https://doi.org/10.1191/0959683605hl873raCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dotterweich, M., 2008. The history of soil erosion and fluvial deposits in small catchments of central Europe: deciphering the long-term interaction between humans and the environment – a review. Geomorphology 101, 192–208. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2008.05.023CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Drozdov, N.I., Chekha, V.P., Haesaerts, P., 2005. Geomorphology and Quaternary Deposits of Kurtak Geoarchaeological District (North-Minusinsk Depression). Krasnoyarsk State Pedagogical University named after V.P. Astafiev, Krasnoyarsk. [in Russian]Google Scholar
Duller, G.A.T., 2003. Distinguishing quartz and feldspar in single grain luminescence measurements. Radiation Measurements 37, 161–165. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1350-4487(02)00170-1CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Esin, Y.N., 2010. Problems of detaching images of the Afanasjevo Culture in rock art of the Minusinsk Basin. In: Stepanova, N.F., Polyakov, A.V. (Eds.), Collected Works on the Afanasievo. Azbuka OOO, Barnaul, pp. 53–73. [in Russian]Google Scholar
Filippov, A.G., Grebnev, I.E., Henzyhenova, F.I., Erbaeva, M.A., Martynovich, N.V., Popov, S.M., 2012. The stratigraphy and faunal remains in sediments Kurtun-1 cave on Baikal // Eurasia in the Cenozoic. The stratigraphy, paleoecology, and culture 1, 226–238 [in Russian].Google Scholar
Galkina, L.I., and Ovodov, N.D., 1975. Anthropogenic theriofauna from Western Altai caves. Taxonomy, fauna, zoogeography of mammals and their parasites Yudin, B.S. (Ed.) 165-180. Science: Novosibirsk [in Russian].Google Scholar
Guérin, G., Mercier, N., Adamiec, G., 2011. Dose-rate conversion factors: update. Ancient TL 29, 5–8.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hansen, V., Murray, A.S., Buylaert, J-P., Yeo, E-Y., Thomsen, K.J., 2015. A new irradiated quartz for beta source calibration. Radiation Measurements 81, 123–127. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.radmeas.2015.02.017CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Huyge, D., Vandenberghe, D.A.G., De Dapper, M., Mees, F., Claes, W., Darnell, J.C., 2011. First evidence of Pleistocene rock art in North Africa: securing the age of the Qurta petroglyphs (Egypt) through OSL dating. Antiquity 85, 1184–1193.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kharevich, A.V., Kharevich, V.M., Zolnikov, I.D., Klementiev, A.M., Zotkina, L.V., Anoikin, A.A., Akimova, E.V., 2024. The specifics of the Early Upper Paleolithic of the Yenisei: Sabanikha 3 site. Siberian Historical Research 3, 146–173. [in Russian] https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ara.2024.100516Google Scholar
Kind, N.V., 1967. Incisions and sedimentation in the Yenisei River valley (absolute chronology of events according to C14 data). Bulletin of Commission for Study of the Quaternary 34, 40–49.Google Scholar
Kovtun, I.V., 2001. Art Traditions of Central and Northwest Asia in the Bronze Age: Problems of Genesis and Chronology of Iconographic Complexes in the Northwestern Sayan-Altai Mountains. Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, Novosibirsk. [In Russian]Google Scholar
Lambeck, K., Rouby, H., Purcell, A., Sun, Y., Sambridge, M., 2014. Sea level and global ice volumes from the Last Glacial Maximum to the Holocene. PNAS 111, 15296–15303. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1411762111CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lavrov, A.V., Zabelin, V.I., 2007. The Auroch (Bos primigenius, Bovidae) in the early Holocene of Tyva. In: Fundamental’nye problemy kvartera: itogi izucheniya i osnovnye napravleniya dal’neishikh issledovanii. Materialy V Vserossiiskogo soveshchaniya po izucheniyu chetvertichnogo perioda [Proceedings, V All-Russia Conference on the Study of the Quaternary Period “Fundamental Problems of the Quaternary: The Results of the Study and the Main Directions of Further Research”]. GEOS, Moscow, pp. 208–209.Google Scholar
Lazaretov, I.P., 2017. The relative chronology of Afanasievo culture Middle Yenisey or long forgotten old. In: Soyenov, V.I. (Ed.), Antiquities of Siberia and Central Asia. Gorno-Altaisk State University, Gorno-Altaisk, pp. 8–34. [in Russian]Google Scholar
Lazaretov, I.P., 2019. Chronology and periodization of the Okunevo culture: current state and prospects. Theory and Practice of Archaeological Research 4, 15–50. [in Russian] https://doi.org/10.14258/tpai(2019)4(28).-02Google Scholar
Lbova, L.V., Panov, V.S., Zenin, V.N., Barkov, A.V., 2015. The new data for the radiocarbon age of the Malaya Syya site. Problems of Archaeology, Ethnography, Anthropology of Siberia and Neighboring Territories 21, 103–106. [in Russian]Google Scholar
Leontiev, N.V., 1976. Rock paintings of Koroviev Log. News of SB AS USSR Series of Social Sciences 3, 128–136. [in Russian]Google Scholar
Lisitsyn, N.F., 2000. Pozdnii paleolit Chulymo–Eniseiskogo mezhdurech’ia [Late Paleolithic of the Chulym–Yenisei interfluve]. Peterburgskoe Vostokovedenie, St. Petersburg. [in Russian]Google Scholar
Malikov, D.G., 2016. The large mammals of North-Minusinsk basin in the Last Glacial period. Quaternary International 420, 208–220. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2015.10.055CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Malikov, D.G., Volvakh, А.О., Volvakh, N.E., Saveleva, P.Yu., Ovchinnikov, I.Yu., Malikova, E.L., 2023. Chernousov Log – the new location of Late Pleistocene and Holocene mammals in the Minusinsk depression (geological structure and conditions of formation). Geology and Mineral Resources of Siberia 1, 12–20. [in Russian] https://doi.org/10.20403/2078-0575-2023-1-12-20CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Miklashevich, E.A., 2015. The earliest rock art imagery of the Minusinsk Basin: research problems and perspectives. Scholarly Notes of the “Tomskaya Pisanitsa” Museum–Reserve 2, 66–78. [in Russian]Google Scholar
Miklashevich, E.A., 2019. From a squeeze to a cast. The development of facsimile copying methods for petroglyphs. Iconographic and Technological Traditions of Early Forms of Art. Occasional Publication of the SAPAR 12, 211–235. [in Russian]Google Scholar
Miklashevich, E.A., 2020. Similarity of the earliest rock art in South Siberia and Central Asia and the issue of their attribution. Brief Communications of the Institute of Archaeology 261, 82–98. [in Russian] http://doi.org/10.25681/IARAS.0130-2620.261.82-98Google Scholar
Miklashevich, E.A., Mukhareva, A.N., Bove, L.L., 2016. Investigation by the petroglyphic expedition of the “Tomskaya Pisanitsa” Museum-reserve in 2015. Scientific Notes of the Tomskaya Pisanitsa Museum-Reserve 3, 30–48. [in Russian]Google Scholar
Molodin, V.I., Batbold, N., Zotkina, L.V., Cheremisin, D.V., Nenakhova, Y.N., 2024. Sanctuary with “Kalguty” style images in northwestern Mongolia (preliminary data). Archaeology, Ethnology and Anthropology of Eurasia 52/1, 58–69. https://doi.org/10.17746/1563-0102.2024.52.1.058-069CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Molodin, V.I., Geneste, J.-M., Zotkina, L.V., Cheremisin, D.V., Cretin, C., 2019. The “Kalgutinsky” style in the rock art of Central Asia. Archaeology, Ethnology and Anthropology of Eurasia 47/3, 12–26. https://doi.org/10.17746/1563-0110.2019.47.3.012-026CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Murray, A., Arnold, L.J., Buylaert, J-P., Guérin, G., Qi, J., Singhvi, A.K., Smedley, R., Thomsen, K.J., 2021. Optically stimulated luminescence dating using quartz. Nature Reviews Methods Primers 1, 72. https://doi.org/10.1038/s43586-021-00068-5CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Murray, A.S., Helsted, L.M., Autzen, M., Jain, M., Buylaert, J.P., 2018. Measurement of natural radioactivity: calibration and performance of a high-resolution gamma spectrometry facility. Radiation Measurements 120, 215–220. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.radmeas.2018.04.006CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Murray, A.S., Wintle, A.G., 2000. Luminescence dating of quartz using an improved single aliquot regenerative-dose protocol. Radiation Measurements 32, 57–73. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1350-4487(99)00253-XCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mylnikova, L.N., Parkhomchuk, E.V., Molodin, V.I., Menshanov, P.N., Babina, K.A., Nenakhov, D.A., T.A, Chikisheva., 2024. Radiocarbon chronology and isotope data of Ust–Tartasskiye Kurgany Mound 51, the Baraba forest-steppe. Archaeology, Ethnography and Anthropology of Eurasia 52/3, 56–66. https://doi.org/10.17746/1563-0102.2024.52.3.056-066CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Phillips, F.M., Flinsch, M., Elmore, D., Sharma, P., 1997. Maximum ages of the Côa Valley (Portugal) engravings measured with Chlorine-36. Antiquity 71, 100–104. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003598X00084581CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Podolskiy, N.L., 1973. O printsipakh datirovki naskalnykh izobrazheniy: Po povodu knigi A.A. Formozova ‘Ocherki po pervobytnomu iskusstvu: Naskalnye izobrazheniya i kamennye izvayaniya epokhi kamnya i bronzy na territorii SSSR’ [On the principles of dating rock art pictures. ‘A propos A.A. Formozov’s book ‘Essays on the Prehistoric Art: Rock Pictures and Stone Sculptures of the Stone and Bronze Age in USSR’]. Soviet Archaeology 3, 265–276. [in Russian]Google Scholar
Polyakov, A.V., 2019. Overview of the results of the initial stage of paleogenetic research into the population of the Minusinsk hollow in the Bronze epoch. Theory and Practice of Archaeological Research 26, 91–108. [in Russian] https://doi.org/10.14258/tpai(2019)2(26).-08Google Scholar
Polyakov, A.V., Svyatko, S.V., Stepanova, N.F., 2019. A review of the radiocarbon dates for the Afanasievo culture (Central Asia): shifting towards the shorter chronology. Radiocarbon 61, 243–263. https://doi.org/10.1017/RDC.2018.70CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ponomareva, I.A., 2021. Change and Continuity in the Prehistoric Rock Art of East Siberia. An Archaeological and Anthropological Exploration into Ethno-Cultural Identity, Belonging, and Symbolism. BAR Publishing, Oxford, UK, 222 pp.Google Scholar
Poręba, G., Śnieszko, Z., Moska, P., Mroczek, P., 2019. Deposits of Neolithic water soil erosion in the loess region of the Małopolska Upland (S Poland) – a case study of the settlement micro-region in Bronocice. Quaternary International 502, 45–59. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2018.09.018CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Prescott, J.R., Hutton, J.T., 1994. Cosmic-ray contributions to dose-rates for luminescence and ESR dating – large depths and long-term time variations. Radiation Measurements 23, 497–500. https://doi.org/10.1016/1350-4487(94)90086-8CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Puminov, A.P., Buzulutskov, F.S., 1968. On the lithological and mineralogical characteristics of the Cenozoic alluvial deposits of the Yenisei valley in the zone of the Minusinsk intermountain trough. In: Saks, V.N. (Ed.), Neogene and Quaternary Sediments of Western Siberia. Nauka, Moscow, pp. 56–76. [in Russian]Google Scholar
Razjigaeva, N.G., Grebennikova, T.A., Ganzey, L.A., Chakov, V.V., Klimin, M.A., Mokhova, L.M., Zakharchenko, E.N., 2021. The stratigraphy of the Blanket Peatland and the development of environments on Bolshoi Shantar Island in the Late Glacial–Holocene. Russian Journal of Pacific Geology 15, 252–267. https://doi.org/10.1134/S1819714021030064CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Reimer, P., Austin, W., Bard, E., Bayliss, A., Blackwell, P., Bronk Ramsey, C., Butzin, M., et al., 2020. The IntCal20 Northern Hemisphere radiocarbon age calibration curve (0–55 cal kBP). Radiocarbon 62, 725–757. https://doi.org/10.1017/RDC.2020.41CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Roberts, H.M., Wintle, A.G., 2003. Luminescence sensitivity changes of polymineral fine grains during IRSL and [post-IR] OSL measurements. Radiation Measurements 37, 661–671. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1350-4487(03)00245-2CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rusakova, I.D., 2005. K voprosu o hronologii drevnejshih petroglifov Minusinskoj kotloviny. [Concerning the problem of dating the earliest petroglyphs of the Minusinsk basin]. In: Devlet, E. (Ed.), The World of Rock Art. Institute of Archaeology of RAS, Moscow, pp. 214–218. [in Russian]Google Scholar
Savenkov, I.T., 1910. On ancient monuments of fine art on the Yenisei: comparative archaeological and ethnographic essays. Proceedings of the Fourteenth Archaeological Congress in Chernigov 1908–1909. Lissner, G. and Sobko, D., Moscow, 554 pp. [in Russian]Google Scholar
Sher, J.A., 1980. Petroglyphs of Central Asia. Nauka, Moscow. [in Russian]Google Scholar
Shimaraev, M.N., Mizandrontsev, I.B., 2004. Reconstruction of Late Pleistocene and Holocene abiotic conditions in Lake Baikal. Russian Geology and Geophysics 45, 557–564.Google Scholar
Sovetova, O.S., Miklashevich, E.A., 1999. Khronologicheskiye i stilisticheskiye osobennosti sredneyeniseiskikh petroglifov [Chronological and stylistic characteristics of the Middle Yenisei petroglyphs]. In: Bobrov, V.V. (Ed.), Archaeology, Ethnography, and Museum Studies. Kemerovo State University, Kemerovo, pp. 47–74. [in Russian]Google Scholar
Spasskiy, G.I., 1857. On the delicious monuments of Siberian antiquities and the similarity of some of them with the Great Russian. Notes of the Imperial Russian Geographical Society. Saint-Petersburg, Imperial Academy of Sciences 12, 111–182. [in Russian]Google Scholar
Stepanova, N.F., Polyakov, A.V., 2010. Afanasyev culture: history of study and current condition. In: N.F., Stepanova, Polyakov, A.V. (Eds.), Collected Works on the Afanasievo. Azbuka, Barnaul, pp. 4–15. [in Russian]Google Scholar
Stuart, F.M., 2001. In situ cosmogenic isotopes: principles and potential for archaeology. In: Pollard, A.M., Brothwell, D. (Eds.), Handbook of Archaeological Sciences. John Wiley and Sons, Chichester, pp. 93–100.Google Scholar
Superson, J., Rodzik, J., Reder, J., 2014. Natural and human influence on loess gully catchment evolution: a case study from Lublin Upland, E Poland. Geomorphology 212, 28–40. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2013.09.011CrossRefGoogle Scholar
van Geel, B., Bokovenko, N.A., Burova, N.D., Chugunov, K.V., Dergachev, V.A., Dirksen, V.G., Kulkova, M., et al., 2004. Climate change and the expansion of the Scythian culture after 850 BC: a hypothesis. Journal of Archaeological Science 31, 1735–1742. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jas.2004.05.004CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vasiliev, S.K., Parkhomchuk, E.V., Serednyov, M.A., Milutin, K.I., Kuzmin, Ya.V., Kalinkin, P.N., Rastigeev, S.A., 2018. Radiocarbon dating of the remains of rare Pleistocene megafauna species in Southern Siberia. Problems of Archaeology, Ethnography, Anthropology of Siberia and Neighboring Territories 24, 42–46. [in Russian] https://doi.org/10.17746/2658-6193.2018.24.042-046CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vasiliev, S.K., Parkhomchuk, E.V., Serednyov, M.A., Milutin, K.I., Rastigeev, S.A., Parkhomchuk, V.V., 2020. Late Pleistocene megafauna from the south of Western and Central Siberia: new data on radiocarbon dating and new finds from alluvial sites in 2020. Problems of Archaeology, Ethnography, Anthropology of Siberia and Neighboring Territories 26, 43–50. [in Russian] http://paeas.ru/Articleen/360Google Scholar
Vasiliev, S.K., Serednyov, M.A., Milutin, K.I., 2019. Large mammals of the Middle and Late Pleistocene from the alluvial sites of Bibikha at the Ob River (Novosibirsk Region) and from the Chumysh River (Altai Krai). Problems of Archaeology, Ethnography, Anthropology of Siberia and Neighboring Territories 25, 59–67. [in Russian] http://paeas.ru/Articleen/245CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Velichko, A.A., Catto, N., Drenova, A.N., Klimanov, V.A., Kremenetski, K.V., Nechaev, V.P., 2002. Climate changes in East Europe and Siberia at the Late Glacial–Holocene transition. Quaternary International 91, 75–99. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1040-6182(01)00104-5CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vinogradov, A.V., 2022. Neolithic and Early Bronze age of Minusinsk Province (Based on Ceramic Assemblages from Archaeological Sites). Proceedings of IHMC RAS LVIII. Institute for History of Material Culture RAS, St. Petersburg. [in Russian] https://doi.org/10.31600/978-5-6047952-3-1CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zotkina, L.V., 2019. On the methodology of studying palimpsests in rock art: the case of the Shalabolino rock art site, Krasnoyarsk Territory. Archaeology, Ethnology & Anthropology of Eurasia 47, 93–102. https://doi.org/10.17746/1563-0110.2019.47.2.093-102CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zotkina, L.V., Kolobova, K.A., Sutugin, S.V., Olsen, J.W., 2023. What defines the “Minusinsk Style” in the earliest rock art of the Minusinsk Basin, southern Siberia? Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports 49, 104009. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jasrep.2023.104009Google Scholar
Zotkina, L.V., Sutugin, S.V., 2023. Possibilities of Direct Dating of Rock Art in the Khakass-Minusinsk Basin. Archaeology, Ethnology & Anthropology of Eurasia 51, 59–69. https://doi.org/10.17746/1563-0110.2023.51.1.059-069CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zotkina, L.V., Tekhterekov, A.S., Kharevich, V.M., Plisson, H., 2014. An experimental study of percussion technologies in the Minusinsk Basin: percussion and tool types. Archaeology, Ethnology and Anthropology of Eurasia 42/1, 55–65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aeae.2014.10.005CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zubakov, V.A., 1965. Pleistocene deposits of the Yenisei valley from Krasnoyarsk to Angara mouth. In: Gromov, V.I. (Ed.), The Quaternary and its History. Moscow University Press, Moscow, pp. 183–196. [in Russian]Google Scholar
Supplementary material: File

Malikov et al. supplementary material

Malikov et al. supplementary material
Download Malikov et al. supplementary material(File)
File 212.8 MB
Supplementary material: File

Malikov et al. supplementary material 1

Malikov et al. supplementary material

Download Malikov et al. supplementary material 1(File)
File 7.8 MB
Supplementary material: File

Malikov et al. supplementary material 10

Malikov et al. supplementary material

Download Malikov et al. supplementary material 10(File)
File 1.2 MB
Supplementary material: File

Malikov et al. supplementary material 11

Malikov et al. supplementary material

Download Malikov et al. supplementary material 11(File)
File 37.9 MB
Supplementary material: File

Malikov et al. supplementary material 2

Malikov et al. supplementary material

Download Malikov et al. supplementary material 2(File)
File 2.3 MB
Supplementary material: File

Malikov et al. supplementary material 3

Malikov et al. supplementary material

Download Malikov et al. supplementary material 3(File)
File 840.4 KB
Supplementary material: File

Malikov et al. supplementary material 4

Malikov et al. supplementary material

Download Malikov et al. supplementary material 4(File)
File 7.5 MB
Supplementary material: File

Malikov et al. supplementary material 5

Malikov et al. supplementary material

Download Malikov et al. supplementary material 5(File)
File 1 MB
Supplementary material: File

Malikov et al. supplementary material 6

Malikov et al. supplementary material

Download Malikov et al. supplementary material 6(File)
File 20.1 MB
Supplementary material: File

Malikov et al. supplementary material 7

Malikov et al. supplementary material

Download Malikov et al. supplementary material 7(File)
File 26.8 MB
Supplementary material: File

Malikov et al. supplementary material 8

Malikov et al. supplementary material

Download Malikov et al. supplementary material 8(File)
File 4.6 MB
Supplementary material: File

Malikov et al. supplementary material 9

Malikov et al. supplementary material

Download Malikov et al. supplementary material 9(File)
File 1 MB