Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-8ctnn Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-24T18:03:55.642Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Ecosystem Impact of the Campanian Ignimbrite Eruption in Late Pleistocene Europe

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Francesco G. Fedele ,
Biagio Giaccio ,
Roberto Isaia  and
Giovanni Orsi
Francesco G. Fedele
Affiliation:
Sezione e Museo di Antropologia, Università di Napoli Federico il, via Mezzocannone 8, Naples, 80134, Italy
Biagio Giaccio
Affiliation:
Istituto di Ricerca sulla Tettonica Recente, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Rome, Italy
Roberto Isaia
Affiliation:
Osservatorio Vesuviano, via Diocleziano 328, 80124, Naples, Italy
Giovanni Orsi
Affiliation:
Osservatorio Vesuviano, via Diocleziano 328, 80124, Naples, Italy
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

The dating of the Campanian Ignimbrite (CI) eruption to ∼37,000 cal yr B.P. draws attention to the coincidence of this volcanic catastrophe and the suite of coeval, Late Pleistocene biocultural changes that occurred within and outside the Mediterranean region. These included the Middle to Upper Paleolithic cultural transition and the supposed change from Neanderthal to “modern” Homo sapiens anatomy, a subject of sustained debate. No less than 150 km3 of magma were extruded in the CI eruption, the signal of which can be detected in Greenland ice cores. As widespread discontinuities in archaeological sequences are observed at or following the CI event, a significant interference with ongoing human processes in Mediterranean Europe is hypothesized.

Type
Short Paper
Information
Quaternary Research , Volume 57 , Issue 3 , May 2012 , pp. 420 - 424
Copyright
University of Washington

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Accorsi, C.A, Aiello, E, Bartolini, C, Castelletti, L, Rodolfi, G, and Ronchitelli, A Il giacimento paleolitico di Serino (Avellino): Stratigrafia, ambienti e paletnologia. Atti della Società Toscana di Scienze Naturali, Memorie, A 86, (1979). 435–487.Google Scholar
Allen, J.R.M, Brandt, U, Brauer, A, Hubbertens, A.-W, Huntley, B, Keller, J, Kraml, M, Mackensen, A, Mingram, J, Negendank, J.F.W, Nowaczyk, N.R, Oberhänsli, H, Watts, W.A, Wulf, S, and Zolitschka, B Rapid environmental changes in southern Europe during the last glacial period. Nature 400, (1999). 740–743.Google Scholar
Allen, J.R.M, Watts, W.A, and Huntley, B Weichselian palynostratigraphy, palaeovegetation and palaeoenvironment; The Lago Grande di Monticchio, southern Italy. Quaternary International 73/74, (2000). 91–110.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Alley, R.B, Shuman, C.A, Meese, D.A, Gow, A.J, Taylor, K.C, Cuffey, K.M, Fitzpatrick, J.J, Grotes, P.M, Zielinski, G.A, Ram, M, Spinelli, G, and Elder, B Visual-stratigraphy dating of the GISP2 ice core: Basis, reproducibility, and application. Journal of Geophysical Research 102, (1997). 26,367–26,381.Google Scholar
Ambrose, S.H Late Pleistocene human population bottlenecks, volcanic winter, and differentiation of modern humans. Journal of Human Evolution 34, (1998). 623–651.Google Scholar
Barberi, F, Innocenti, F, Lirer, L, Munno, R, Pescatore, T.S, and Santacroce, R The Campanian Ignimbrite: A major prehistoric eruption in the Neapolitan area (Italy). Bulletin of Volcanology 41, (1978). 10–22.Google Scholar
Bar-Yosef, O, and Pilbeam, D The Geography of Neanderthals and Modern Humans in Europe and the Greater Mediterranean. (2001). Harvard Univ, Cambridge.Google Scholar
Bard, E Geochemical and geophysical implications of the radiocarbon calibration. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 62, (1998). 2025–2038.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bocquet-Appel, J.-P, and Demars, P.Y Neanderthal contraction and modern human colonization of Europe. Antiquity 74, (2000). 544–552.Google Scholar
Bond, G, Wallace, B, Johnsen, S, McManus, J, Labeyrie, L, Jouzel, J, and Bonani, G Correlations between climate records from North Atlantic sediments and Greenland ice. Nature 365, (1993). 143–147.Google Scholar
Brown, S. J. (2000). Neanderthals and modern humans in central and eastern Europe. www.neanderthal-modern.com/ceeurope.htm, p, 9.Google Scholar
Carbonell, E, and Vaquero, M The Last Neandertals, the First Anatomically Modern Humans: Cultural Changes and Human Evolution. The Crisis at 40 ka B.P. (1996). Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona.Google Scholar
Civetta, L, Orsi, G, Pappalardo, L, Fisher, R.V, Heiken, G, and Ort, M Geochemical zoning, mingling, eruptive dynamics and depositional processes—The Campanian Ignimbrite, Campi Flegrei caldera, Italy. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research 75, (1997). 183–219.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cornell, W, Carey, S, and Sigurdsson, H Computer simulation of transport and deposition of Campanian Y-5 ash. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research 17, (1983). 89 Google Scholar
Dansgaard, W, Johnsen, S.J, Clausen, H.B, Dahl-Jensen, D, Gundestrup, N.S, Hammer, C.U, Hvidberg, C.S, Steffensen, J.P, Jouzel, J, and Bond, G Evidence for general instability of past climate from 250-Kyr ice-core record. Nature 364, (1993). 218–220.Google Scholar
Deino, A.L, Southon, J, Terrasi, F, Campajola, L, and Orsi, G 14C and 40Ar/39Ar dating of the Campanian Ignimbrite, Phlegrean Fields, Italy. Abstracts, ICOG 1994, Berkeley, CA. (1994). Google Scholar
Fisher, R.V, Orsi, G, Ort, M, and Heiken, G Mobility of a large-volume pyroclastic flow—Emplacement of the Campanian ignimbrite, Italy. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research 56, (1993). 205–220.Google Scholar
Gamble, C The Palaeolithic Societies of Europe. (1999). Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge.Google Scholar
Giaccio, B, and Coppola, D Note preliminari sul contesto stratigrafico e paleoecologico del sito “Tana delle lene” (Ceglie Messapica, Brindisi, SE Italia). Il Quaternario—Italian Journal of Quaternary Science 13, (2000). 5–20.Google Scholar
Grattan, J.P, and Gilbertson, D.D Acid-loading from icelandic tephra falling on acidified ecosystems as a key to understanding archaeological and environmental stress in northern and western Britain. Journal of Archaeological Science 21, (1994). 851–859.Google Scholar
Huang, C.-Y, Zhao, M, Wang, C.-C, and Wei, G Cooling of the South China Sea by the Toba eruption and correlation with other climate proxies ∼71,000 years ago. Geophysical Research Letters 28, (2001). 3915–3918.Google Scholar
Karavanić, I, and Smith, F.H More on the Neanderthal problem: The Vindija case. Current Anthropology 41, (2000). 838–840.Google Scholar
Klein, R.G The Human Career. Human Biological and Cultural Origins. (1999). Univ. of Chicago Press, Chicago.Google Scholar
McCoy, F.W, and Cornell, W Volcaniclastic sediments in the Tyrrhenian basin. Proceedings of the ODP, Scientific Results. (1990). p. 107 Google Scholar
Meese, D.A, Gow, A.J, Alley, R.B, Zielinski, G.A, Grotes, P.M, Ram, M, Taylor, K.C, Mayewsky, P.A, and Bolzan, J.F The Greenland Ice Sheet Core Project 2 depth-age scale: Methods and result. Journal of Geophysical Research 102, (1997). 26,411–26,423.Google Scholar
Mellars, P The Neanderthal Legacy. An Archaeological Perspective from Western Europe. (1996). Princeton Univ. Press, Princeton.Google Scholar
Narcisi, B Tephrochronology of a late Quaternary lacustrine record from the Monticchio maar (Vulture volcano, southern Italy). Quaternary Science Reviews 15, (1996). 115–165.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Narcisi, B, and Vezzoli, L Quaternary stratigraphy of distal tephra layers in the Mediterranean—an overview. Global and Planetary Change 21, (1999). 31–50.Google Scholar
Current Anthropology 39, (1998). Google Scholar
Orsi, G, De Vita, S, and di Vito, M The restless, resurgent Campi Flegrei nested caldera (Italy): Constraints on its evolution and configuration. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research 74, (1996). 179–214.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ort, M, Orsi, G, Pappalardo, L, and Fisher, R. V. (in press), Emplacement processes in a far travelled diluite pyroclastic current: Anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility studies of the Campanian Ignimbrite, Bulletin of Volcanology.Google Scholar
Pappalardo, L, Civetta, L, De Vita, S, Di Vito, M. A, Orsi, G, Carandente, A, and Fisher, R. V. (in press), Timing of magma extraction during the Campanian Ignimbrite eruption (Campi Flegrei caldera). Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research.Google Scholar
Rampino, M.R, and Ambrose, S Volcanic winter in the Garden of Eden: The Toba supereruption and the late Pleistocene human population crash. McCoy, F.W, and Heiken, G Volcanic Hazards and Disasters in Human Antiquity. (2000). 71–82.Google Scholar
Rampino, M.R, and Self, S Volcanic winter and accelerated glaciation following the Toba super-eruption. Nature 359, (1992). 50–52.Google Scholar
Rampino, M.R, and Self, S Climate-volcanism feedback and the Toba eruption of ca. 74,000 years ago. Quaternary Research 40, (1993). 269–280.Google Scholar
Rosi, M, Vezzoli, L, Castelmenzano, A, and Grieco, G Plinian pumice fall deposit of the Campanian Ignimbrite eruption (Phlegraean Fields, Italy). Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research 91, (1999). 179–198.Google Scholar
Thunnel, R, Federman, A, Sparks, S, and Williams, D The origin and volcanological significance of the Y-5 ash layer in the Mediterranean. Quaternary Research 12, (1978). 241–253.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Watts, W.A, Allen, J.R.M, and Huntley, B Palaeoecology of three interstadial events during oxygen-isotope stages 3 and 4: A lacustrine record from Lago Grande di Monticchio, southern Italy. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 155, (2000). 83–93.Google Scholar
Zielinski, G.A, Mayewski, P.A, Meeker, L.D, Whitlow, S.I, Twickler, M.S, Morrison, M, Gow, A.J, and Alley, R.B Record of volcanism since 7000 B.C. from the GISP2 Greenland ice core and implications for volcano-cimate system. Science 264, (1994). 948–951.Google Scholar
Zielinski, G.A, Mayewski, P.A, Meeker, L.D, Whitlow, S.I, and Twickler, M.S A 110,000-Yr record of explosive volcanism from the GISP2 (Greenland) ice core. Quaternary Research 45, (1996). 109–118.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zielinski, G.A, Mayewski, P.A, Meeker, L.D, Whitlow, S.I, and Twickler, M.S Potential atmospheric impact of the Toba mega-eruption ∼71,000 years ago. Geophysical Research Letters 23, (1996). 837–840.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zilhão, J, and d'Errico, F La nouvelle “bataille aurignacienne.” Une révision critique de la chronologie du Châ telperronien et de l'Aurignacien ancien. L'Anthropologie 104, (2000). 17–50.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zolitschka, B, and Negendank, J.F.W Sedimentology, dating and palaeoclimatic interpretation of a 76.3 ka record from Lago Grande di Monticchio, southern Italy. Quaternary Science Review 15, (1996). 101–112.CrossRefGoogle Scholar