Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-r5fsc Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-25T07:04:51.706Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Amino acids and hexosamines in the Hess Rise core during the past 220,000 years

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Lallan Prasad Gupta  and
Hodaka Kawahata
Lallan Prasad Gupta*
Affiliation:
National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, 1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba 305-8567, Japan
Hodaka Kawahata
Affiliation:
National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, 1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba 305-8567, Japan Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Aoba, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
*
*Corresponding author. Fax: +81-29-861-3765.E-mail address:[email protected] (L.P. Gupta).
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Core sediment samples collected from the Hess Rise, North Pacific, were analyzed for 20 common amino acids (AA) and two hexosamines (HA) to understand the relation between glacial–interglacial variations and deposition/preservation of sedimentary organic matter (OM). The sediments are predominantly carbonaceous (carbonates 35–80%). AA-based parameters—aspartic acid/glycine ratio and serine+threonine relative mole content—suggest that calcareous plankton was the major source of OM in these sediments. This inference is supported by the similarity in distribution patterns of AA and HA contents with that of organic carbon. Low values of AA/HA and glucosamine/galactosamine ratios (average 4.4 and 1.1, respectively) imply that much of the planktonic OM was replaced by microbial OM. The relative molar concentration of two nonprotein AA (β-alanine and γ-aminobutyric acid) varied with age of sediments; i.e., they were less abundant in recent sediments and more abundant in the oldest sediments. This trend is an indicator of extremely slow but continuous enzymatic degradation of proteinaceous OM within the sediments. So far, bulk OM has been believed to be one of the best proxies for estimation of primary productivity. However, it may be an underestimate, even for the late Quaternary sediments. Comparison of AA and HA content variations with SPECMAP stack revealed their enhanced deposition and preservation during glacial periods relative to interglacial periods. This, in turn, affected not only the planktonic production in surface waters but also the benthic community, including bacteria on the seafloor.

Keywords

Amino acidHexosamineOrganic matterLate PleistoceneHess RiseNorth Pacific
Type
Research Article
Information
Quaternary Research , Volume 60 , Issue 3 , November 2003 , pp. 394 - 403
Copyright
University of Washington

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Bada, J.L., and Miller, S.L., (1970). The kinetics and mechanism of the reversible nonenzymatic deamination of aspartic acid. Journal of the American Chemical Society 92, 2774 CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Boski, T., Pessoa, J., Pedro, P., Thorez, J., and Dias, J.M.A., (1998). Factors governing abundance of hydrolyzable amino acids in the sediments from the N.W. European Continental Margin (47–50°N). Progress in Oceanography 42, 145–164.Google Scholar
Cole, J.J., Honjo, S., and Erez, J., (1987). Benthic decomposition of organic matter at a deep-water site in the Panama Basin. Nature 327, 703–704.Google Scholar
Cowie, G.L., and Hedges, J.I., (1992). Sources and reactivities of amino acids in a coastal marine environment. Limnology and Oceanography 37, 703–724.Google Scholar
Dauwe, B., and Middelburg, J.J., (1998). Amino acids and hexosamines as indicators of organic matter degradation state in North Sea sediments. Limnology and Oceanography 43, 782–798.Google Scholar
Emerson, S., Stump, C., Grootes, P.M., Stuiver, M., Farwell, G.W., and Schmidt, F.H., (1987). Estimates of degradable organic carbon in deep-sea surface sediments from 14C concentrations. Nature 329, 51–53.Google Scholar
Grutters, M., van Raaphorst, W., and Helder, W., (2001). Total hydrolysable amino acid mineralisation in sediments across the northeastern Atlantic continental slope (Goban Spur). Deep-Sea Research 48, 811–832.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gupta, L.P., and Kawahata, H., (2000). Amino acid and hexosamine compositions and flux of sinking particulate matter into the equatorial Pacific at 175°E longitude. Deep-Sea Research 47, 1937–1960.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gupta, L.P., and Kawahata, H., (2003). Vertical and latitudinal variations in fluxes and amino acid and hexosamine composition of settling particulates along 175°E in the North Pacific Ocean. Tellus 55B, 445–455.Google Scholar
Hecky, R.E., Mopper, K., Kilham, P., and Degens, E.T., (1973). The amino acid and sugar composition of diatom cell-walls. Marine Biology 19, 323–331.Google Scholar
Hurlburt, H.E., and Metzger, E.J., (1998). Bifurcation of the Kuroshio Extension at the Shatsky Rise. Journal of Geophysical Research 103, 7549–7566.Google Scholar
Ittekkot, V., Degens, E.T., and Honjo, S., (1984). Seasonality in the fluxes of sugars, amino acids, and amino sugars to the deep ocean. Panama Basin. Deep-Sea Research 31, 1071–1083.Google Scholar
Jinquan, W., and Jinling, L., (2000). Amino acids and stable carbon isotope distributions in Taihu Lake, China, over the last 15,000 years, and their paleoecological implications. Quaternary Research 53, 223–228. doi:10.1006/qres.1999.2114 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kandler, O., (1979). Zellwandstrukturen bei Methan-Bakterien. Naturwissenschaften 66, 95–105.Google Scholar
Kawahata, H., and Ishizuka, T., (1993). Amino acids in the sediments and interstitial waters from ODP Holes 677B and 678B in the Panama Basin. Oceanologica Acta 16, 373–379.Google Scholar
Kawahata, H., and Ishizuka, T., (2000). Amino acids in interstitial waters from ODP Sites 689 and 690 on the Maud Rise, Atlantic Ocean. Geochemical Journal 34, 247–261.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kawahata, H., and Ohshima, H., (2002). Small latitudinal shift in the Kuroshio Extension (Central Pacific) during glacial times. evidence from pollen transport. Quaternary Science Reviews 21, 1705–1717.Google Scholar
Kawahata, H., Okamoto, T., Matsumoto, E., and Ujiie, H., (2000). Fluctuations of eolian flux and ocean productivity in the mid-latitude North Pacific during the last 200 kyr. Quaternary Science Reviews 19, 1279–1291.Google Scholar
Keil, R.G., and Fogel, M.L., (2001). Reworking of amino acid in marine sediments. stable carbon isotopic composition of amino acids in sediments along the Washington coast. Limnology and Oceanography 46, 14–23.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kogan, L.I., Zonenshayn, L.P., and Schmidt, O.A., (1982). Structure of the Hess Rise, Pacific Ocean (from data of deep reflection seismic profile). Geotectonics 16, 179–189.Google Scholar
Lee, C., (1988). Amino acid and amine biogeochemistry in marine particulate material and sediments. Blackburn, T.H., Sørensen, J. Nitrogen Cycling in Coastal Marine Environments, SCOPE 33, Wiley, Chichester. 126–141.Google Scholar
Lee, C., and Cronin, C., (1982). The vertical flux of particulate organic nitrogen in the sea. decomposition of amino acids in the Peru upwelling area and the equatorial Atlantic. Journal of Marine Research 40, 227–251.Google Scholar
Lehninger, A.L., (1982). Principles of Biochemistry. Worth Publication, New York.Google Scholar
Lobel, K.D., West, J.K., and Hench, L.L., (1996). Computational model for protein-mediated biomineralization of the diatom frustule. Marine Biology 126, 353–360.Google Scholar
Lyle, M., Prahl, F.G., and Sparrow, M.A., (1992). Upwelling and productivity changes inferred from a temperature record in the central equatorial Pacific. Nature 355, 812–8815.Google Scholar
Mayer, L.M., (1995). Relationship between mineral surfaces and organic carbon concentrations in soils and sediments. Chemical Geology 114, 347–363.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mitterer, R.M., (1968). Amino acid composition of organic matrix in calcareous oolites. Science 162, 1498–1499.Google Scholar
Ohkushi, K., Thomas, E., and Kawahata, H., (2000). Abyssal benthic foraminifera from the northwestern Pacific (Shatsky Rise) during the last 298 kyr. Marine Micropaleontology 38, 119–147.Google Scholar
Ransom, B., Kim, D., Kastner, M., and Wainwright, S., (1998). Organic matter preservation on continental slopes. importance of mineralogy and surface area. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 62, 1329–1345.Google Scholar
Rivkin, R.B., and Legendre, L., (2001). Biogenic carbon cycling in the upper ocean. effects of microbial respiration. Science 291, 2398–2400.Google Scholar
Sahai, N., and Tossell, J.A., (2001). Formation energies and NMR chemical shifts calculated for putative serine–silicate complexes in silica biomineralization. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 65, 2043–2053.Google Scholar
Sancetta, C., (1992). Primary production in the glacial North Atlantic and North Pacific oceans. Nature 360, 249–251.Google Scholar
Sancetta, C., and Silvestri, S., (1986). Pliocene–Pleistocene evolution of the North Pacific ocean–atmosphere system, interpreted from fossil diatoms. Paleoceanography 1, 163–180.Google Scholar
Schroeder, R.A., (1975). Absence of β-alanine and γ-aminobutyric acid in cleaned foraminiferal shells. implications for use as a chemical criterion to indicate removal of non-indigenous amino acid contaminants. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 25, 274–278.Google Scholar
Ternay, A.L., (1976). Contemporary Organic Chemistry. Saunders, Philadelphia.Google Scholar
Thompson, P.R., and Shackleton, N.J., (1980). North Pacific paleoceanography. late Quaternary coiling variations of planktonic foraminifer Neogloboquadrina pachyderma. Nature 287, 829–833.Google Scholar
Twichell, S.C., Meyers, P.A., and Diester-Haass, L., (2002). Significance of high C/N ratios in organic-carbon-rich Neogene sediments under the Benguel Current upwelling system. Organic Geochemistry 33, 715–722.Google Scholar
Voet, D., and Voet, J.G., (1995). Biochemistry. Wiley, New York.Google Scholar
Wakeham, S.G., Hedges, J.I., Lee, C., and Pease, T.K., (1993). Effects of poisons and preservatives on the composition of organic matter in a sediment trap experiment. Journal of Marine Research 51, 669–696.Google Scholar
Weiner, S., and Hood, L., (1975). Soluble protein of the organic matrix of mollusk shells. a potential template for shell formation. Science 190, 987–989.Google Scholar
Werne, J.P., Hollander, D.J., Lyons, T.W., and Peterson, L.C., (2000). Climate-induced variations in productivity and planktonic ecosystem structure from the Younger Dryas to Holocene in the Cariaco Basin, Venezuela. Paleoceanography 15, 19–29.Google Scholar
Wolla, M.D., Lau, P.Y., Morgan, S.L., Fox, A.L., and Brown, A., (1984). Capillary gas chromatography–mass spectrometry of carbohydrate components of Legionelle and other bacteria. Journal of Chromatography 288, 399–413.CrossRefGoogle Scholar