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Vegetation development in the Middle Euphrates and Upper Jazirah (Syria/Turkey) during the Bronze Age

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Katleen Deckers  and
Hugues Pessin
Katleen Deckers*
Affiliation:
University of Tübingen, Zentrum für Naturwissenschaftliche Archäologie, Rümelinstr. 23, 72070 Tübingen, Germany
Hugues Pessin
Affiliation:
University of Sheffield, Department of Archaeology, Northgate House, West St., Sheffield S1 4ET, UK
*
*Corresponding author. E-mail addresses: [email protected] (K. Deckers), [email protected] (H. Pessin).
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Abstract

Vegetation changes are reconstructed based on more than 51,000 charcoal fragments of more than 380 samples from nine Bronze Age sites in northern Syria and southern Turkey. In addition to fragment proportions, special attention was paid to the frequency of Pistacia relative to Quercus and Populus/Salix relative to Tamarix, fruit-tree ubiquity, and riverine diversity in order to gain an improved understanding of the human versus climatic impact on the vegetation. The results indicate that human impacts first took place within the riverine forest. This phase was followed by land clearing within the woodland steppe, especially in the northern portion of the study area. In the south near Emar, the woodland steppe probably disappeared by the Late Bronze Age. It is uncertain whether this was caused by aridification and/or human clearing. The northward shift of the Pistacia-woodland steppe is very likely a result of climatic drying that occurred throughout the entire period under investigation. Although increased deforestation is evident through time, the small proportions of imported wood indicate that local resources were still available.

Keywords

AnthracologyWood resourcesDeforestationClimatic impact on vegetationSyriaTurkey
Type
Research Article
Information
Quaternary Research , Volume 74 , Issue 2 , September 2010 , pp. 216 - 226
Copyright
University of Washington

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