Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-94fs2 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-07T12:35:13.451Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Temperature and Salinity Effects on Alkenone Ratios Measured in Surface Sediments from the Indian Ocean

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Corinne Sonzogni ,
Edouard Bard ,
Frauke Rostek ,
Denis Dollfus ,
Antoni Rosell-Melé  and
Geoffrey Eglinton
Corinne Sonzogni
Affiliation:
CEREGE, CNRS-Université d’Aix-Marseille III, Europole de l’Arbois, BP80, 13545, Aix-en-Provence Cedex 4, France
Edouard Bard
Affiliation:
CEREGE, CNRS-Université d’Aix-Marseille III, Europole de l’Arbois, BP80, 13545, Aix-en-Provence Cedex 4, France
Frauke Rostek
Affiliation:
CEREGE, CNRS-Université d’Aix-Marseille III, Europole de l’Arbois, BP80, 13545, Aix-en-Provence Cedex 4, France
Denis Dollfus
Affiliation:
CEREGE, CNRS-Université d’Aix-Marseille III, Europole de l’Arbois, BP80, 13545, Aix-en-Provence Cedex 4, France
Antoni Rosell-Melé
Affiliation:
Organic Geochemistry Unit, School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK
Geoffrey Eglinton
Affiliation:
Organic Geochemistry Unit, School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

We compare alkenone unsaturation ratios measured on recent sediments from the Indian Ocean (20°N–45°S) with modern sea oceanographic parameters. For each of the core sites we estimated average seasonal cycles of sea surface temperature (SST) and salinity, which we then weighted with the seasonal productivity cycle derived from chlorophyll satellite imagery. The unsaturation index (U37K′) ranges from 0.2 to 1 and correlates with water temperature but not with salinity. TheU37K′versus SST relationship for Indian Ocean sediments (U37K′= 0.033 SST + 0.05) is similar to what has been observed for core tops from the Pacific and Atlantic oceans and the Black Sea. A global compilation for core tops givesU37K′= 0.031 T + 0.084 (R= 0.98), which is close to a previously reported calibration based on particulate organic matter from the water column. For temperatures between 24° and 29°C, however, the slope seems to decrease to about 0.02U37K′unit/°C. For Indian Ocean core tops, the ratios of total C37alkenones/total C38alkenones and the slope of theU37K′-SST relationship are similar to those previously observed for cultures ofEmiliania huxleyibut different from those previously published forGephyrocapsa oceanica.EitherE. huxleyiis a major producer of alkenones in the Indian Ocean or strains ofG. oceanicaliving in the northern Indian Ocean behave differently from the one cultured. In contrast with coccolithophorid assemblages, the ratios of C37alkenones to total C38alkenones lack clear geographic pattern in the Indian Ocean.

Type
Original Articles
Information
Quaternary Research , Volume 47 , Issue 3 , May 1997 , pp. 344 - 355
Copyright
University of Washington

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Antoine, D., Morel, A., 1996, Organic primary production. 1. Adaptation of light-photosynthesis model in view of application to satellite chlorophyll observations, Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 10, 43–55.Google Scholar
Antoine, D., Andre, J. -M., Morel, A., 1996, Organic primary production. 2. Estimation at global scale from satellite (coastal zone color scanner) chlorophyll, Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 10, 57–69.Google Scholar
Banse, K., 1987, Seasonality of phytoplankton chlorophyll in the central and northern Arabian Sea, Deep-Sea Research, 34, 713–723.Google Scholar
Banse, K., English, D. C., 1994, Seasonality of coastal zone color scanner phytoplankton pigment in the offshore oceans, Journal of Geophysical Research, 99, 7323–7345.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bard, E., Rostek, F., Sonzogni, C., 1997, Interhemispheric synchrony of the last deglaciation inferred from alkenone paleothermometry, Nature, 385, 707–710.Google Scholar
Bearman, G., 1991, Ocean Circulation, Pergamon Press, Oxford, p. 238.Google Scholar
Brassell, S. C., 1993, Applications of biomarkers for delineating marine paleoclimatic fluctuations during the Pleistocene, Organic Geochemistry, Plenum, New York, p. 699–743.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brassell, S. C., Eglinton, G., Marlowe, L. T., Pflaumann, U., Sarnthein, M., 1986, Molecular stratigraphy: A new tool for climatic assessment, Nature, 320, 129–133.Google Scholar
Brassell, S. C., Brereton, R. G., Eglinton, G., Grimalt, J., Liebezeit, G., Marlowe, I. T., Pflaumann, U., Sarnthein, M., 1986, Paleoclimatic signals recognized by chemometric treatment of molecular stratigraphic data, Organic Geochemistry, 10, 649–660.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brock, J., Mc Clain, C. R., Luther, M. E., Hay, W. W., 1991, The phytoplankton bloom in the Northwestern Arabian Sea during the Southwest Monsoon of 1979, Journal of Geophysical Research, 96, 20.623–20.642.Google Scholar
Brock, J., Mc Clain, C. R., 1992, Interannual variability in phytoplankton blooms observed in the northwestern Arabian Sea during the southwest monsoon, Journal of Geophysical Research, 97, 733–750.Google Scholar
Brown, O. B., Bruce, J. G., Evans, R. H., 1980, Evolution of the sea surface temperature in the Somali basin during the southwest Monsoon 1979, Science, 209, 595–597.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cadet, D., 1979, Meteorology of the Indian summer monsoon, Nature, 279, 761–767.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cadet, D., Reverdin, G., 1981, The Monsoon over the Indian Ocean during summer 1975. I. Mean fields, Monthly Weather Review, 109, 148–158.Google Scholar
Cadet, D., Reverdin, G., 1981, Water vapour transport over the Indian Ocean during summer 1975, Tellus, 33, 476–487.Google Scholar
Colborn, J. G., 1975, The Thermal Structure of the Indian Ocean, Int. Indian Ocean Exped. Oceanography Monograph, 2, 173.Google Scholar
Conte, M. H., Eglinton, G., Madureira, L. A. S., Advances in Organic Geochemistry 1991, Long-chain alkenones and alkyl alkenoates as paleotemperature indicators: Their production, flux and early sedimentary diagenesis in the eastern North Atlantic, Eckard, C. B., Larter, S. R., 1992, 287–298.Google Scholar
Conte, M. H., Eglinton, G., 1993, Alkenone and alkenoate distributions within the euphotic zone of the eastern North Atlantic: Correlation with production temperature, Deep-Sea Research, 40, 1935–1962.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Conte, M. H., Volkman, J. K., Eglinton, G., The Haptophyte Algae, Lipid biomarkers of the Prymnesiophyceae, Leadbeater, B.S.C., Green, J. M., 1994, Oxford Univ. Press, London, 351–377.Google Scholar
Conte, M. H., Eglinton, G., Madureira, L. A. S., 1995, Origin and fate of organic biomarker compounds in the water column and sediments of the eastern North Atlantic, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B, 340, 169–178.Google Scholar
Freeman, K. H., Wakeham, S. G., 1992, Variations in the distributions and isotopic compositions of alkenones in Black Sea particles and sediments, Organic Geochemistry, 19, 277–285.Google Scholar
Friediner, P. J. J., Winter, A., 1987, Distribution of modern coccolithophore assemblages in the southwest Indian Ocean off southern Africa, Journal of Micropaleontology, 6, 49–56.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
ten Haven, H. L., Baas, M., Kroot, M., de Leeuw, J. W., Schenck, P. A., Ebbing, J., 1987, Late Quaternary Mediterranean sapropels. III. Assessment of source of input and paleotemperature as derived from biological markers, Geochimica Cosmochimica Acta, 51, 803–810.Google Scholar
Houghton, S. D., Guptha, M. V. S., 1991, Monsoonal and fertility controls on recent marginal sea and continental shelf coccolith assemblages from the western Pacific and the northern Indian oceans, Marine Geology, 97, 251–259.Google Scholar
Ittekkot, V., Haake, B., Bartsch, M., Nair, R. R., Ramaswamy, V., 1992, Organic carbon removal in the sea: The continental connection, Summerhayes, C. P., Prell, W. L., Emeis, K. C., Upwelling Systems: Evolution Since the Early Miocene, Geological Society Special Publication 64, 64, 167–176.Google Scholar
Kleijne, A., Kroon, D., Zevenboom, W., 1988, Phytoplankton and foraminiferal frequencies in northern Indian Ocean and Red Sea surface waters, Brummer, G. J. A., Kroon, D., Planktonic Foraminifers as Tracers of the Ocean-Climate History, Free Univ. Press, Amsterdam, 271–283.Google Scholar
Levitus, S., 1994, NOAA Atlas NESDIS, World Ocean Atlas, U.S. Govt. Printing Office.Google Scholar
Madureira, L. A. S., Conte, M. H., Eglinton, G., 1995, The early diagenesis of lipid biomarker compounds in North Atlantic sediments, Paleoceanography, 10, 627–642.Google Scholar
Marlowe, I. T., Green, J. C., Neal, A. C., Brassell, S. C., Eglinton, G., Course, P.A., 1984, Long chain (n-C37–C39) alkenones in the Prymnesiophyceae: Distribution of alkenones and other lipids and their taxonomic significance, Journal of British Phycological, 19, 203–216.Google Scholar
Marlowe, I. T., Brassell, S. C., Eglinton, G., Green, J. C., 1984, Long chain unsaturated ketones and esters in living algae and marine sediments, Organic Geochemistry, 6, 135–141.Google Scholar
Marlowe, I. T., Brassell, S. C., Eglinton, G., Green, J. C., 1990, Long-chain alkenones and alkyl alkenoates and the fossil coccolith record of marine sediments, Chemical Geology, 88, 349–375.Google Scholar
Nair, R. R., Ittekkot, V., Manganini, S. J., Ramaswamy, V., Haake, B., Degens, E. T., Desai, N. B., Honjo, S., 1989, Increased particle flux to the deep ocean related to monsoons, Nature, 338, 749–751.Google Scholar
Pickard, G. L., Emery, W. J., 1982, Descriptive Physical Oceanography. An Introduction, Pergamon, Oxford, p. 249.Google Scholar
Prahl, F. G., Wakeham, S. G., 1987, Calibration of unsaturation patterns in long-chain ketone compositions for palaeotemperature assessment, Nature, 330, 367–369.Google Scholar
Prahl, F. G., Muehlhausen, L. A., Zahnle, D., 1988, Further evaluation of long-chain alkenones as indicators of paleoceanograpic conditions, Geochimica Cosmochimica Acta, 52, 2303–2310.Google Scholar
Prahl, F. G., De Lange, G. J., Lyle, M., Sparrow, M. A., 1989, Post-depositional stability of long-chain alkenones under contrasting redox conditions, Nature, 341, 434–437.Google Scholar
Prell, W. L., Huston, W. H., Williams, D. F., Bé, A. W. H., Geitzenauer, K., Molfino, B., 1980, Surface circulation of the Indian Ocean during the Last Glacial Maximum approximatively 18,000 yr B.P, Quaternary Research, 14, 309–336.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rao, R. R., Molinari, R. L., Festa, J. F., 1989, Evolution of the climatological near-surface thermal structure of the tropical Indian Ocean. 1. Description of mean monthly mixed layer depth and sea surface temperature, surface current and surface meteorological fields, Journal of Geophysical Research, 94, 10801–10815.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rechka, J. A., Maxwell, J. R., 1988, Characterisation of alkenone temperature indicators in sediments and organisms, Organic Geochemistry, 13, 727–734.Google Scholar
Rodolfo, K. S., 1967, Sediments of the Andaman Sea, northeastern Indian Ocean, Marine Geology, 7, 371–402.Google Scholar
Rosell-Melé, A., Carter, J., Eglinton, G., 1994, Distribution of long-chain alkenones and alkyl alkenoates in marine sediments from the North East Atlantic, Organic Geochemistry, 22, 501–509.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rosell-Melé, A., Eglinton, G., Pflaumann, U., Sarnthein, M., 1995, Atlantic core-top calibration of the Uk37 index as sea-surface paleotemperature indicator, Geochimica Cosmochimica Acta, 59, 3099–3107.Google Scholar
Rosell-Melé, A., Carter, J., Parry, A. T., Eglinton, G., 1995, Determination of the Uk37 index in geological samples, Analytical Chemistry, 67, 1283–1289.Google Scholar
Savitzky, A., Golay, M. J. E., 1964, Smoothing and differentiation of data by simplified least square procedures, Analytical Chemistry, 36, 1627–1639.Google Scholar
Setty, M. G. A. P., 1983, Upwelling along the western Indian continental margin and its geological record: A summary, Thiede, J., Suess, E., Coastal Upwelling, 201–213.Google Scholar
Sikes, E. L., Farrington, J. W., Keigwin, L. D., 1991, Use of alkenone unsaturation ratio Uk37 to determine past sea surface temperatures: Core-top SST calibrations and methodology considerations, Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 104, 34–47.Google Scholar
Sikes, E. L., Volkman, J. K., 1993, Calibration of long-chain alkenone unsaturation ratios for palaeotemperature estimation in cold polar waters, Geochimica Cosmochimica Acta, 57, 1883–1889.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sonzogni, C., Bard, E., Rostek, F., 1997, Tropical Sea Surface Temperatures during the last glacial period: A view based on alkenones Indian Ocean sediments (Submitted), .Google Scholar
United Nations Publications, 1966, A Compendium of Major International Rivers in the ECAFE Region, New York.Google Scholar
Volkman, J. K., Eglinton, G., Corner, E. D. S., Sargent, J. R., 1980a, Novel unsaturated straight-chain C37-C39 methyl and ethyl ketones in marine sediments and a coccolithophoreEmiliania huxleyi, Advances in Organic Geochemistry 1979, Douglas, A. G., Maxwell, J. R., 219, 227, Pergamon, Oxford. Google Scholar
Volkman, J. K., Eglinton, G., Corner, E. D. S., Forsberg, T. E. V., 1980, Long chain alkenes and alkenones in the marine coccolithophoridEmiliania huxleyi , Phytochemistry, 19, 2619–2622.Google Scholar
Volkman, J. K., Barrett, S. M., Blackburn, S. I., Sikes, E. L., 1995, Alkenones inGephyrocapsa oceanica: , Geochimica Cosmochimica Acta, 59, 513–520.Google Scholar
Wyrtki, K., 1973, Physical Oceanography of the Indian Ocean, The Biology of the Indian Ocean, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, p. 18–36.CrossRefGoogle Scholar