Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-s2hrs Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-19T09:43:25.108Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Pedogenic Gradients for Iron and Aluminum Accumulation and Phosphorus Depletion in Arctic and Alpine Soils as a Function of Time and Climate

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Peter W. Birkeland ,
Raymond M. Burke  and
James B. Benedict
Peter W. Birkeland
Affiliation:
Department of Geological Sciences, and Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0250
Raymond M. Burke
Affiliation:
Department of Geology, Humbolt State University, Arcata, California 95521
James B. Benedict
Affiliation:
Center for Mountain Archeology, Ward, Colorado 80481
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Pedogenically significant chemical extracts of iron, aluminum, and phosphorus are related mainly to time in chronosequences from Baffin Island (Canadian Arctic), the alpine Sierra Nevada and Wind River Range (western United States), the alpine Khumbu Glacier area (Himalaya, Nepal), and the alpine Southern Alps (New Zealand). Based on the accumulation index for Fe and Al, and the depletion index for P in each region, the following ranking of chemical pedogenic development is obtained: Southern Alps > Khumbu Glacier area ≅ Wind River Range > Sierra Nevada > coastal Baffin Island > inland Baffin Island. The ranking mainly follows regional climate, with the greatest accumulation and depletion to the warmest and wettest environment, and the least accumulation and depletion in the coldest and driest environment.

Type
Research Article
Information
Quaternary Research , Volume 32 , Issue 2 , September 1989 , pp. 193 - 204
Copyright
University of Washington

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Alexander, E.B., (1974). Extractable iron in relation to soil age on terraces along the Truckee River, Nevada Soil Science Society of America Proceedings 38, 121–124 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Arduino, E. Barberis, E. Carraro, F. Forno, M.G., (1984). Estimating relative ages from ironoxide/total-iron ratios of soils in the Western Po Valley, Italy Geoderma 33, 39–52 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Arduino, E. Barberis, E. Marsan, F.A. Zanini, E. Franchini, M., (1986). Iron oxides and clay minerals within profiles as indicators of soil age in Northern Italy Geoderma 37, 45–55 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Birkeland, P.W., (1978). Soil development as an indication of relative age of Quarternary deposits, Baffin Island, N.W.T., Canada Arctic and Alpine Research 10, 733–747 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Birkeland, P.W., (1982). Subdivision of Holocene glacial deposits, Ben Ohau Range, New Zealand, using relative-dating methods Geological Society of America Bulletin 93, 433–449 2.0.CO;2>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Birkeland, P.W., (1984). Soils and Geomorphology Oxford Univ. Press New York Google Scholar
Birkeland, P.W., (1984). Holocene soil chronofunctions, Southern Alps, New Zealand Geoderma 34, 115–134 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Birkeland, P.W. Colman, S.M. Burke, R.M. Shroba, R.R. Meierding, T.C., (1979). Nomenclature of alpine glacial deposits—or what's in a name? Geology 7, 532–536 2.0.CO;2>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Birkeland, P.W. Burke, R.M. Shroba, R.R., (1987). Holocene alpine soils in gneissic cirque deposits, Colorado Front Range U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1590-E Google Scholar
Blakemore, L.C. Searle, P.L. Daly, B.K., (1977). Methods for chemical analysis of soils New Zealand Soil Bureau Scientific Report 10A Google Scholar
Bockheim, J.G., (1979). Properties and relative ages of soils of Southwestern Cumberland Peninsula, Baffin Island, N.W.T., Canada Arctic and Alpine Research 11, 289–306 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bockheim, J.G., (1980). Solution and use of chronofunctions in studying soil development Geoderma 24, 71–85 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bockheim, J.G., (1980). Properties and classification of some desert soils in coarse-textured glacial drift in the Arctic and Antarctic Geoderma 24, 45–69 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bockheim, J.G., (1982). Properties of a chronosequence of ultraxerous soils in the Trans-Antarctic Mountains Geoderma 28, 239–255 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Buckley, J., (1976). Isotopes' radiocarbon measurements XI Radiocarbon 18, 172–189 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Byers, A.C. III (1987). A Geoecological Study of Landscape Change and Man-Accelerated Soil Loss: The Case of the Sagarmatha (Mt. Everest) National Park, Khumbu, Nepal. Ph.D. dissertation University of Colorado Boulder Google Scholar
Childs, C.W. Parfitt, R.L. Lee, R., (1983). Movement of aluminum as an inorganic complex in some podsolized soils, New Zealand Geoderma 29, 139–155 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Curry, R.R., (1969). Holocene climatic and glacial history of the central Sierra Nevada Geological Society of America Special Paper 123, 1–47 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Evans, L.J. Cameron, B.H., (1979). A chronosequence of soils developed from granitic morainal material, Baffin Island, N.W.T. Canadian Journal of Soil Science 59, 203–210 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fushimi, H.C., (1978). Glaciations in the Khumbu Himal (2) Seppyo 40, 71–77 Google Scholar
Gellatly, A.F., (1984). The use of rock weathering-rind thickness to redate moraines in Mount Cook National Park, New Zealand Arctic and Alpine Research 16, 225–232 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gfeller, Chr. Oeschger, H. Schwarz, U., (1961). Bern radiocarbon dates II Radiocarbon 3, 15–25 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Isherwood, D.J., (1975). Soil Geochemistry and Rock Weathering in an Arctic Environment Ph.D. dissertation University of Colorado Boulder Google Scholar
Jenny, H., (1980). The Soil Resource Springer-Verlag New York CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kistler, R.W., (1966). Geologic Map of the Mono Craters Quadrangle, Mono and Tuolumne Counties, California U.S. Geological Survey Map GQ462 Google Scholar
Levine, E.L. Ciolkosz, E.J., (1983). Soil development in till of various ages in northeastern Pennsylvania Quarternary Research 19, 85–99 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Locke, W.W. III Weathering and soil development on Baffin Island Andrews, J.T., (1985). Quaternary Environments Eastern Canadian Arctic, Baffin Bay and Western Greenland 331–353 Google Scholar
Mahaney, W.C., (1978). Late-Quaternary stratigraphy and soils in the Wind River Mountains, western Wyoming Mahaney, W.C. Quaternary Soils Geo Abstracts Norwich 223–264 Google Scholar
Mahaney, W.C., (1984). Superposed neoglacial and late Pinedale (Wisconsinan) tills, Titcomb Basin, Wind River Mountains, western Wyoming Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 45, 149–163 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mahaney, W.C., (1984). Indian Basin advance in western and north-central Wyoming Northwest Science 58, 94–102 Google Scholar
Mahaney, W.C. Halvorson, D.L. Piegat, J. Sanmugadas, K., (1984). Evaluation of dating methods used to assign ages in the Wind River and Teton Ranges, western Wyoming Mahaney, W.C. Quaternary Dating Methods Elsevier Science Amsterdam 355–374 Google Scholar
McFadden, L.D., (1982). The Impacts of Temporal and Spatial Climatic Changes on Alluvial Soils Genesis in Southern California Ph.D. dissertation University of Arizona Tucson Google Scholar
McFadden, L.D. Hendricks, D.M., (1985). Changes in the content and composition of pedogenic iron oxyhydroxides in a chronosequence of soils in southern California Quaternary Research 23, 189–204 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McFadden, L.D. Weldon, R.J. II (1987). Rates and processes of soil development on Quaternary terraces in Cajon Pass, California Geological Society of America Bulletin 98, 280–293 2.0.CO;2>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Miller, C.D. Birkeland, P.W., (1974). Probable pre-neoglacial age of the type Temple Lake moraine, Wyoming: Discussion and additional relativeage data Arctic and Alpine Research 6, 301–306 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Müller, F., (1959). Eight months of glacier and soil research in the Everest region The Mountain World, 1958–1959 Allen & Unwin London 191–208 Google Scholar
Parfitt, R.L. Childs, C.W., (1988). Estimation of forms of Fe and Al: A review, and analysis of contrasting soils by dissolution and Moessbauer methods Australian Journal Soil Research 26, 121–144 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rodbell, D.T., (1986). The Use of Lichenometry, Rock Weathering and Soil Development to Estimate Ages of Moraines and Fluvial Terraces in the Upper South Branch, Ashburton Valley, South Island, New Zealand M.S. dissertation University of Colorado Boulder Google Scholar
Ross, C.W. Mew, G. Searle, P.L., (1977). Soil sequences on two terrace systems in the North Westland area, New Zealand New Zealand Journal of Science 20, 231–244 Google Scholar
Röthlisberger, F., (1986). 10000 Jahre Gleitschergeschichte der Erde Verlag Sauerländer Aarau Google Scholar
Schertmann, U., (1985). The effect of pedogenic environments on iron oxide minerals Adv. Soil Sci. 1, 172–200 Google Scholar
Schwertmann, U. Taylor, R.M., (1977). Iron oxides Dixon, J.B. Weed, S.B. Minerals in Soil Environments Soil Science Society of America Madison, WI 145–180 Google Scholar
Shroba, R.R., (1977). Soil Development in Quaternary Tills, Rock-Glacier Deposits, and Taluses, Southern and Central Rocky Mountains Ph.D. dissertation University of Colorado Boulder Google Scholar
Shroba, R.R. Birkeland, P.W., (1983). Trends in late-Quaternary soil development in the Rocky Mountains and Sierra Nevada of the western United States Porter, S.C. Late-Quaternary Environments of the United States Vol. I, Univ. of Minnesota Press Minneapolis 145–156 “The Late Pleistocene” Google Scholar
Singer, M.J. Janitsky, P., (1986). Field and laboratory procedures used in a soil chronosequence study U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1648 Google Scholar
Storer, T.I. Usinger, R.L., (1963). Sierra Nevada Natural History Univ. of California Press Berkeley Google Scholar
Tedrow, J.C.F., (1968). Pedogenic gradients of the polar regions Journal Soil Science 19, 197–204 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tedrow, J.C.F., (1977). Soils of the Polar Landscapes Rutgers Univ. Press New Brunswick, NJ Google Scholar
Ugolini, F.C., (1986). Pedogenic zonation in the welldrained soils of the Arctic regions Quaternary Research 26, 100–120 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
U.S. Weather Bureau (1964). Climatography of the United States No. 86-4 Decennial census of the United States—Supplement for 1951–1960, California Google Scholar
Wada, K., (1977). Allophane and imogolite Dixon, J.B. Weed, S.B. Minerals in Soil Environments Soil Science Society of America Madison, WI 603–638 Google Scholar
Walker, A.L., (1983). The effects of magnetite on oxalate- and dithionite-extractable iron Soil Science Society of American Journal 47, 1022–1025 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Walker, T.W., (1964). The significance of phosphorus in pedogenesis Hallsworth, E.G. Crawford, D.V. Experimental Pedology Butterworth London 295–316 Google Scholar
Walker, T.W. Syers, K.J., (1976). The fate of phosphorus during pedogenesis Geoderma 15, 1–19 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yount, J.C. Birkeland, P.W. Burke, R.M., (1979). Glacial and Periglacial Deposits of the Mono Creek Recesses, West-Central Sierra Nevada, California: Measurement of Age-Dependent Properties of the Deposits Friends of the Pleistocene Guidebook, unpublished Google Scholar