Hostname: page-component-6bf8c574d5-mggfc Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2025-02-14T10:28:10.690Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

A multi-proxy study of changing environmental conditions in a Younger Dryas sequence in southwestern Manitoba, Canada, and evidence for an extraterrestrial event

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  22 October 2019

James Teller ,
Matthew Boyd ,
Malcolm LeCompte ,
James Kennett ,
Allen West ,
Alice Telka ,
Aura Diaz ,
Victor Adedeji ,
Dale Batchelor  and
Charles Mooney
...Show all authors
James Teller*
Affiliation:
Department of Geological Sciences, University Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 4M4, Canada
Matthew Boyd
Affiliation:
Department of Anthropology, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Ontario P7B 5E1, Canada
Malcolm LeCompte
Affiliation:
Center for Remote Sensing Education and Research, Elizabeth City State University, Elizabeth City, North Carolina 27909, USA
James Kennett
Affiliation:
Department of Earth Science and Marine Science Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
Allen West
Affiliation:
Geoscience Consulting, Prescott, Arizona 86301, USA
Alice Telka
Affiliation:
Paleotec Services, Ottawa, Ontario K1R 5K2, Canada
Aura Diaz
Affiliation:
Department of Environment and Geography, University Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 4M4, Canada
Victor Adedeji
Affiliation:
Department of Natural Sciences, Elizabeth City State University, Elizabeth City, North Carolina 27909, USA
Dale Batchelor
Affiliation:
EAG Laboratories Inc., Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, USA
Charles Mooney
Affiliation:
Analytical Instrumentation Facility, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695
Roberto Garcia
Affiliation:
Analytical Instrumentation Facility, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695
*
*Corresponding author e-mail address: [email protected] (J. Teller).
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Multi-proxy analyses of a sequence spanning the Younger Dryas (YD) in the Glacial Lake Hind basin of Manitoba provides insight into regional paleohydrology and paleovegetation of meltwater rivers and lakes spanning >4000 yr; the sequence is controlled by 25 new accelerator mass spectrometry ages. This lake, dammed by the Laurentide Ice Sheet, overflowed into Lake Agassiz. The pre-YD interval records rapid sedimentation from meltwaters that headed in proglacial lakes in the Canadian Prairies that are known to have been catastrophically released when ice or sediment barriers were breached. Pollen in this phase is dominated by pre-Quaternary forms eroded from Paleocene bedrock. At the onset of the YD at ~12.8 cal ka, the sudden appearance of concentrations of nanodiamonds, high-temperature magnetic spherules, platinum, and iridium provide evidence of an extraterrestrial (ET) event that others have identified at more than 40 sites in North America. Major changes in oceans and climate, and the catastrophic outflow of nearby Lake Agassiz at the onset of the YD, may be related. Lower water levels and a reduction of Souris River inflow to Lake Hind followed, which are reflected by more clayey and organic-rich sediments and a decrease in pre-Quaternary palynomorphs. This may have resulted from the deepening of river valleys caused by the release of meltwater triggered by the ET event. Wetlands then began to develop, leading to peat deposition from 12.3 to 11 cal ka. This was followed by a fluvial episode depositing sand and then by increased Holocene aridity that resulted in accumulation of a thick sequence of dune sands. A dry woodland environment with a mix of conifers (especially Picea and Larix) and deciduous trees (especially Populus and Quercus) covered the uplands from ~13 to 10 cal ka.

Keywords

Glacial lakeManitobaYounger DryasPaleoecologyFloodsExtraterrestrial event
Type
Research Article
Information
Quaternary Research , Volume 93 , January 2020 , pp. 60 - 87
Copyright
Copyright © University of Washington. Published by Cambridge University Press, 2019 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Footnotes

†

deceased 14 September 2019

References

REFERENCES

Alley, R.B., 2007. Wally was right: predictive ability of the North Atlantic “conveyor belt” hypothesis for abrupt climate change. Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences 35, 241–272.Google Scholar
Anderson, D.G., Goodyear, A.C., Kennett, J., West, A., 2011. Multiple lines of evidence for possible Human population decline/settlement reorganization during the early Younger Dryas. Quaternary International 242, 570–583.Google Scholar
Andronikov, A., Lauretta, D., Andronikova, I., Maxwell, R., 2011. On the possibility of a late Pleistocene extraterrestrial impact: LA-ICP-MS analysis of the black mat and Usselo horizon samples, Meteoritics and Planetary Science Supplement, 46(S1): A11.Google Scholar
Andronikov, A., Subetto, D., Lauretta, D., Andronikova, I., Drosenko, D., Kuznetsov, D., Sapelko, T., Syrykh, L., 2014. In search for fingerprints of an extraterrestrial event: trace element characteristics of sediments from the lake Medvedevskoye (Karelian Isthmus, Russia). Doklady Earth Sciences 457, 819–823.Google Scholar
Andronikov, A.V., Andronikova, I.E., 2016. Sediments from around the lower Younger Dryas boundary (USA): implications from LA-ICP-Analysis. Geografiska Annaler Series A-Physical Geography 98, 221–236.Google Scholar
Andronikov, A.V., Andronikova, I.E., Loehn, C.W., Lafuente, B., Ballenger, J.A., Crawford, G.T., Lauretta, D.S., 2016b. Implications from chemical, structural and mineralogical studies of magnetic microspherules from around the lower Younger Dryas boundary (New Mexico, USA). Geografiska Annaler Series A-Physical Geography 98, 39–59.Google Scholar
Andronikov, A.V., Hoesel, A., Andronikova, I.E., Hoek, W.Z., 2016c. Trace element distribution and implications in sediments across the Allerød-Younger Dryas Boundary in the Netherlands and Belgium. Geografiska Annaler Series A-Physical Geography 98, 325–345.Google Scholar
Andronikov, A.V., Rudnickaitė, E., Lauretta, D.S., Andronikova, I.E., Kaminskas, D., Šinkūnas, P., Melešytė, M., 2015. Geochemical evidence of the presence of volcanic and meteoritic materials in Late Pleistocene lake sediments of Lithuania. Quaternary International 386, 18–29.Google Scholar
Arakawa, Y., Li, X., Ebihara, M., Meriç, E., Tansel, I., Bargu, S., Koral, H., Matsumaru, K., 2003. Element profiles and Ir concentration of Cretaceous-Tertiary (KT) boundary layers at Medetli, Gölpazari, northwestern Turkey. Geochemical Journal 37, 681–693.Google Scholar
Battarbee, R.W., 1986. Diatom analysis. In: Bergland, B.E. (Ed.), Handbook of Holocene Palaeoecology and Palaeohydrology. John Wiley, Chichester, pp. 527–570.Google Scholar
Bodiselitsch, B., Montanari, A., Koeberl, C., Coccioni, R., 2004. Delayed climate cooling in the Late Eocene caused by multiple impacts: high-resolution geochemical studies at Massignano, Italy. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 223, 283–302.Google Scholar
Boyd, M.J., 2000a. Late Quaternary Geoarchaeology of the Lauder Sandhills, Southwestern Manitoba, Canada. PhD dissertation, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.Google Scholar
Boyd, M.J., 2000b. Changing physical and ecological landscapes in southwestern Manitoba in relation to Folsom (11,000–10,000 BP) and McKean (4,000–3,000 BP) site distributions. In: Radenbaugh, T.A. (Ed.), Changing Prairie Landscapes. Canadian Plains Research Centre, Regina, Canada, pp. 23–43.Google Scholar
Boyd, M.J., 2003. Paleoecology of an early Holocene wetland on the Canadian Prairies. Géographie Physique et Quaternaire 57, 139–149.Google Scholar
Boyd, M.J., Running, G.L. IV, Havholm, K., 2003. Paleoecology and geochronology of glacial Lake Hind during the Pleistocene–Holocene transition: a context for Folsom surface finds on the Canadian Prairies. Geoarchaeology 18, 583–607.Google Scholar
Broecker, W.S., 1998. Paleocean circulation during the Last Deglaciation: a bipolar seesaw? Paleoceanography 13, 119–121.Google Scholar
Broecker, W.S., Kennett, J.P., Flower, B.P., Teller, J.T., Trumbore, S., Bonani, G., Wolfli, W., 1989. Routing of meltwater from the Laurentide Ice Sheet during the Younger Dryas cold episode. Nature 341, 318–321.Google Scholar
Bronk Ramsey, C.B., 1997. Probability and dating. Radiocarbon 40, 461–474.Google Scholar
Bronk Ramsey, C.B., 2009. Bayesian analysis of radiocarbon dates. Radiocarbon 51, 337–360.Google Scholar
Bronk Ramsey, C., 2017. Methods for summarizing radiocarbon datasets. Radiocarbon 59(2), 1809–1833.Google Scholar
Bunch, T.E., Hermes, R.E., Moore, A.M., Kennett, D.J., Weaver, J.C., Wittke, J.H., DeCarli, P.S., Bischoff, J.L., Hillman, G.C., Howard, G.A., 2012. Very high-temperature impact melt products as evidence for cosmic airbursts and impacts 12,900 years ago. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 109, E1903–E1912.Google Scholar
Clark, P.U., Marshall, S.J., Clarke, G.K., Hostetler, S.W., Licciardi, J.M., Teller, J.T., 2001. Freshwater forcing of abrupt climate change during the last glaciation. Science 293, 283–287.Google Scholar
Condron, A., Winsor, P., 2012. Meltwater routing and the Younger Dryas. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 109, 19928–19933.Google Scholar
Daulton, T.L., Pinter, N., Scott, A.C., 2010. No evidence of nanodiamonds in Younger-Dryas sediments to support an impact event. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 107, 16043–16047.Google Scholar
David, P.P., 1977. Sand dune occurrences of Canada: a theme and resource inventory of eolian landforms in Canada. Contract 74-230. Department of Indian Affairs, National Parks Branch, Ottawa.Google Scholar
Diaz, A., 2012. Sedimentological anomalies in the late glacial stratigraphic section at Flintstone Hill, Manitoba. B.Sc. Thesis, University of Manitoba, Manitoba.Google Scholar
Firestone, R.B., West, A., Kennett, J., Becker, L., Bunch, T., Revay, Z., Schultz, P., Belgya, T., Kennett, D., Erlandson, J., 2007. Evidence for an extraterrestrial impact 12,900 years ago that contributed to the megafaunal extinctions and the Younger Dryas cooling. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 104, 16016–16021.Google Scholar
Fisher, T.G., Yansa, C.H., Lowell, T.V., Lepper, K., Hajdas, I., Ashworth, A., 2008. The chronology, climate, and confusion of the Moorhead Phase of glacial Lake Agassiz: new results from the Ojata Beach, North Dakota, USA. Quaternary Science Reviews 27, 1124–1135.Google Scholar
Florenskiy, K., 1965. Preliminary results from the 1961 combined Tunguska meteorite expedition. Meteoritica 23, 3–37.Google Scholar
Frank, M., Bend, S., 2004. Peat-forming history of the ancestral Souris mire (Palaeocene), Ravenscrag Formation, southern Saskatchewan, Canada. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 41, 307–322.Google Scholar
Frank, M.C., 1999. Organic Petrology and Depositional Environments of the Souris Lignite, Ravenscrag Formation (Paleocene), Southern Saskatchewan, Canada. PhD dissertation, University of Regina, Regina, Canada.Google Scholar
Freeman, A.K.L., 2006. Radiocarbon age estimates from the SCAPE Project 2000–2005. Plains Anthropologist 51(199), 451–486.Google Scholar
Frost, T.M., 2003. Freshwater sponges. In: Smol, J.P., Birks, H.J.B., Last, W.M. (Eds.), Tracking Environmental Change Using Lake Sediments, Vol. 3: Terrestrial, Algal, and Siliceous Indicators. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, pp. 67–80.Google Scholar
Geochemical Earth Reference Model (GERM), 2017. Geochemistry for the element of Ni (Nickel). Geochemical Earth Reference Model (accessed August 2017). http://EarthRef.org.Google Scholar
Gramly, R., 2017. Archaeological Recovery of the Bowser Road Mastodon, Orange County, New York. ASAA/Persimmon Press, North Andover.Google Scholar
Greger, M., 2004. Uptake of nuclides by plants. SKB Technical Report TR-04-14. Department of Botany, Stockholm University, Stockholm.Google Scholar
Grimm, E.C., Donovan, J.J., Brown, K.J., 2011. A high-resolution record of climate variability and landscape response from Kettle Lake, northern Great Plains, North America. Quaternary Science Reviews 30, 2626–2650.Google Scholar
Grimm, E.C., Maher, L.J., Nelson, D.M., 2009. The magnitude of error in conventional bulk-sediment radiocarbon dates from central North America. Quaternary Research 72, 301–308.Google Scholar
Havholm, K., Bergstrom, N., Jol, H., Running, G., 2003. GPR survey of a Holocene aeolian/fluvial/lacustrine succession, Lauder Sandhills, Manitoba, Canada. In: Bristow, C.S., Jol, H.M. (Eds.), Ground Penetrating Radar in Sediments. Special Publication 211. Geological Society of London, London, pp. 47–54.Google Scholar
Havholm, K.G., Running, G.L. IV, 2005. Stratigraphy, sedimentology, and environmental significance of late mid-Holocene dunes, Lauder Sand Hills, glacial Lake Hind Basin, southwestern Manitoba. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 42, 847–863.Google Scholar
Haynes, C.V., Boerner, J., Domanik, K., Lauretta, D., Ballenger, J., Goreva, J., 2010. The Murray Springs Clovis site, Pleistocene extinction, and the question of extraterrestrial impact. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 107, 4010–4015.Google Scholar
Holliday, V., Surovell, T., Johnson, E., 2016. A blind test of the Younger Dryas impact hypothesis. PLoS ONE 11(7): e0155470. Published online 2016 Jul 8. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0155470.Google Scholar
Hugenholtz, C., Wolfe, S., 2005. Biogeomorphic model of dunefield activation and stabilization on the northern Great Plains. Geomorphology 70, 53–70.Google Scholar
Israde-Alcántara, I., Bischoff, J.L., Domínguez-Vázquez, G., Li, H.-C., DeCarli, P.S., Bunch, T.E., Wittke, J.H., Weaver, J.C., Firestone, R.B., West, A., 2012. Evidence from central Mexico supporting the Younger Dryas extraterrestrial impact hypothesis. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 109, E738–E747.Google Scholar
Kehew, A.E., 1982. Catastrophic flood hypothesis for the origin of the Souris spillway, Saskatchewan and North Dakota. Geological Society of America Bulletin 93, 1051–1058.Google Scholar
Kehew, A.E., Clayton, L., 1983. Late Wisconsinan floods and development of the Souris-Pembina spillway system in Saskatchewan, North Dakota, and Manitoba. In: Teller, J.T., Clayton, L. (Eds.), Glacial Lake Agassiz. Geological Association Canada Special Paper 25, pp. 187–209.Google Scholar
Kehew, A.E., Lord, M., 1987. Glacial-lake outbursts along the mid-continent margins of the Laurentide ice-sheet. In: Mayer, L., Nash, D. (Eds.), Catastrophic Flooding. Allen and Unwin, Boston, pp. 95–120.Google Scholar
Kehew, A.E., Lord, M.L., 1986. Origin and large-scale erosional features of glacial-lake spillways in the northern Great Plains. Geological Society of America Bulletin 97, 162–177.Google Scholar
Kehew, A.E., Teller, J.T., 1994a. Glacial-lake spillway incision and deposition of a coarse-grained fan near Watrous, Saskatchewan. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 31, 544–553.Google Scholar
Kehew, A.E., Teller, J.T., 1994b. History of late glacial runoff along the southwestern margin of the Laurentide ice sheet. Quaternary Science Reviews 13, 859–877.Google Scholar
Keigwin, L., Klotsko, S., Zhao, N., Reilly, B., Giosan, L., Driscoll, N., 2018. Deglacial floods in the Beaufort Sea preceded Younger Dryas cooling. Nature Geoscience, 11, 599–604.Google Scholar
Kennett, D.J., Kennett, J.P., West, G.J., Erlandson, J.M., Johnson, J.R., Hendy, I.L., West, A., Culleton, B.J., Jones, T.L., Stafford, T.W., 2008. Wildfire and abrupt ecosystem disruption on California's Northern Channel Islands at the Ållerød–Younger Dryas boundary (13.0–12.9 ka). Quaternary Science Reviews 27, 2530–2545.Google Scholar
Kennett, J., Kennett, D., LeCompte, M., West, A., 2018. Potential consequences of the YDB cosmic impact at 12.8 ka. In: Goodyear, A.C., Moore, A.M. (Eds.), Early Human Life on the Southeastern Coastal Plain. University Press of Florida, Gainesville, pp. 175–192.Google Scholar
Kennett, J.P., Kennett, D.J., Culleton, B.J., Aura Tortosa, J.E., Bischoff, J.L., Bunch, T.E., Daniel, I.R., et al. , 2015. Bayesian chronological analyses consistent with synchronous age of 12,835–12,735 cal B.P. for Younger Dryas boundary on four continents. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 112, E4344–4353.Google Scholar
Kinzie, C.R., Que Hee, S.S., Stich, A., Tague, K.A., Mercer, C., Razink, J.J., Kennett, D.J., DeCarli, P.S., Bunch, T.E., Wittke, J.H., 2014. Nanodiamond-rich layer across three continents consistent with major cosmic impact at 12,800 cal BP. Journal of Geology 122, 475–506.Google Scholar
Kjær, K.H., Larsen, N.K., Binder, T., Bjørk, A.A., Eisen, O., Fahnestock, M.A., Funder, S., et al. 2018. A large impact crater beneath Hiawatha Glacier in northwest Greenland. Scientific Advances 4, 11, eaar8173. DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aar8173.Google Scholar
Last, W.M., Teller, J.T., 2002. Paleolimnology of Lake Manitoba, Canada: the lithostratigraphic evidence. Géographie Physique et Quaternaire 56, 135–154.Google Scholar
LeCompte, M.A., Goodyear, A.C., Demitroff, M.N., Batchelor, D., Vogel, E.K., Mooney, C., Rock, B.N., Seidel, A.W., 2012. Independent evaluation of conflicting microspherule results from different investigations of the Younger Dryas impact hypothesis. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 109, E2960–2969.Google Scholar
LeCompte, M., Adedeji, V.A., Kennett, J.P., Bunch, T.E., Wolbach, W.S. 2018. Brief Overview of the Younger Dryas Cosmic Impact Datum Layer 12,800 Years Ago and Its Archaeological Utility. In: Goodyear, A.C., Moore, A.C., Early Human Life on the Southeastern Coastal Plain. University Press of Florida, Gainesville, pp 155–174.Google Scholar
Leydet, D.J., Carlson, A.E., Teller, J.T., Breckenridge, A., Barth, A., Ullman, D., Sinclair, G., Milne, G., Cuzzone, J., Caffee, M., 2018. Opening of glacial Lake Agassiz's eastern outlets by the start of the Younger Dryas cold period. Geology 46, 155–158.Google Scholar
Lord, M.L., 1991. Depositional record of a glacial-lake outburst: Glacial Lake Souris, North Dakota. Geological Society America Bulletin 103, 290–299.Google Scholar
Manabe, S., Stouffer, R.J., 1997. Coupled ocean-atmosphere model response to freshwater input: comparison to Younger Dryas event. Paleoceanography 12, 321–336.Google Scholar
Marty, J., Myrbo, A., 2014. Radiocarbon dating suitability of aquatic plant macrofossils. Journal of Paleolimnology 52, 435–443.10.1007/s10933-014-9796-0Google Scholar
Matile, G., Keller, G., 2004a. Surficial geology of southern Manitoba (south of 53°), Manitoba. Surficial Geology Compilation Map Series SMB. Manitoba Industry, Economic Development and Mines, Manitoba Geological Survey, Manitoba, Canada.Google Scholar
Matile, G., Keller, G., 2004b. Surficial geology of the Riding Mountain map sheet (NTS 62K), Manitoba. Surficial Geology Compilation Map Series 62K. Manitoba Industry, Economic Development and Mines, Manitoba Geological Survey, Manitoba, Canada.10.4095/215009Google Scholar
Matile, G., Keller, G., 2004c. Surficial geology of the Virden map sheet (NTS 62F), Manitoba. Surficial Geology Compilation Map Series 62F. Manitoba Industry, Economic Development and Mines, Manitoba Geological Survey, Manitoba, Canada.Google Scholar
Moore, C.R., West, A., LeCompte, M.A., Brooks, M.J., Daniel, I.R. Jr, Goodyear, A.C., Ferguson, T.A., et al. , 2017. Widespread platinum anomaly documented at the Younger Dryas onset in North American sedimentary sequences. Scientific Reports 7, 1–9.Google Scholar
Moore, J.A., 1986. Charophytes of Great Britain and Ireland. BSBI Publications, London.Google Scholar
Murton, J.B., Bateman, M.D., Dallimore, S.R., Teller, J.T., Yang, Z., 2010. Identification of Younger Dryas outburst flood path from Lake Agassiz to the Arctic Ocean. Nature 464, 740–743.Google Scholar
Not, C., Hillaire-Marcel, C., 2012. Enhanced sea-ice export from the Arctic during the Younger Dryas. Nature Communications 3, 647–651.Google Scholar
Nyffeler, U.P., Santschi, P.H., Li, Y.H., 1986. The relevance of scavenging kinetics to modeling of sediment-water interactions in natural waters. Limnology and Oceanography 31, 277–292.Google Scholar
Paquay, F.S., Goderis, S., Ravizza, G., Vanhaeck, F., Boyd, M., Surovell, T.A., Holliday, V.T., Haynes, C.V., Claeys, P., 2009. Absence of geochemical evidence for an impact event at the Bølling–Allerød/Younger Dryas transition. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 106, 21505–21510.Google Scholar
Parnell, A.C., Haslett, J., Allen, J.R., Buck, C.E., Huntley, B., 2008. A flexible approach to assessing synchroneity of past events using Bayesian reconstructions of sedimentation history. Quaternary Science Reviews 27, 1872–1885.Google Scholar
Petaev, M.I., Huang, S., Jacobsen, S.B., Zindler, A., 2013. Large Pt anomaly in the Greenland ice core points to a cataclysm at the onset of Younger Dryas. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 110, 12917–12920.Google Scholar
Pigati, J.S., Latorre, C., Rech, J.A., Betancourt, J.L., Martínez, K.E., Budahn, J.R., 2012. Accumulation of impact markers in desert wetlands and implications for the Younger Dryas impact hypothesis. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 109, 7208–7212.Google Scholar
Pino, M., Abarzúa, A.M., Astorga, G., Martel-Cea, A., Cossio-Montecinos, N., Navarro, N.X., Lira, M.P., et al. , 2019. Sedimentary record from Patagonia, southern Chile supports cosmic-impact triggering of biomass burning, climate change, and megafaunal extinctions at 128 ka. Scientific Reports 9(1):4413.Google Scholar
Pinter, N., Scott, A.C., Daulton, T.L., Podoll, A., Koeberl, C., Anderson, R.S., Ishman, S.E., 2011. The Younger Dryas impact hypothesis: a requiem. Earth-Science Reviews 106, 247–264.Google Scholar
Pisaric, M.F., 2002. Long-distance transport of terrestrial plant material by convection resulting from forest fires. Journal of Paleolimnology 28, 349–354.Google Scholar
Reimer, P.J., Bard, E., Bayliss, A., Beck, J.W., Blackwell, P.G., Ramsey, C.B., Buck, C.E., Cheng, H., Edwards, R.L., Friedrich, M., 2013. IntCal13 and Marine13 radiocarbon age calibration curves 0–50,000 years cal BP. Radiocarbon 55, 1869–1887.Google Scholar
Risberg, J., Sandgren, P., Teller, J.T., Last, W.M., 1999. Siliceous microfossils and mineral magnetic characteristics in a sediment core from Lake Manitoba, Canada: a remnant of glacial Lake Agassiz. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 36, 1299–1314.Google Scholar
Ritchie, J., 1976. The late-Quaternary vegetational history of the western interior of Canada. Canadian Journal of Botany 54, 1793–1818.Google Scholar
Rudnick, R.L., Gao, S., 2003. Composition of the continental crust. In: Rudnick, R.L. (Ed.), Treatise on Geochemistry. Elsevier, London, pp. 1–62.Google Scholar
Rühland, K.M., Rentz, K., Paterson, A.M., Teller, J.T., Smol, J.P., 2018. The post-glacial history of northern Lake of the Woods: a multi-proxy perspective on climate variability and lake ontogeny. Journal of Great Lakes Research 44, 367–376.Google Scholar
Running, G., Havholm, K., Boyd, M., Wiseman, D., 2002. Holocene stratigraphy and Geomorphology of Flintstone Hill, Lauder Sandhills, Glacial Lake Hind Basin, southwestern Manitoba. Géographie Physique et Quaternaire 56, 291–303.Google Scholar
Scott, A.C., Pinter, N., Collinson, M.E., Hardiman, M., Anderson, R.S., Brain, A.P., Smith, S.Y., Marone, F., Stampanoni, M., 2010. Fungus, not comet or catastrophe, accounts for carbonaceous spherules in the Younger Dryas “impact layer.” Geophysical Research Letters 37, 1–5.Google Scholar
Sun, C., 1993. Quaternary geology and deglaciation history of Assiniboine Fan-Delta area, southwestern Manitoba. Master's thesis, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.Google Scholar
Sun, C., 1996. Geology and History of the Glacial Lake Hind Basin, Southwestern Manitoba. PhD dissertation, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.Google Scholar
Sun, C., Fulton, R., 1995. Surficial geology of Oak Lake area, Manitoba (62F/NE). Geological Survey of Canada Map Open File 3065. Ottawa, Canada.Google Scholar
Sun, C., Teller, J., 1997. Reconstruction of glacial Lake Hind in southwestern Manitoba, Canada. Journal of Paleolimnology 17, 9–21.Google Scholar
Surovell, T.A., Holliday, V.T., Gingerich, J.A.M., Ketron, C., Haynes, C.V., Hilman, I., Wagner, D.P., Johnson, E., Claeys, P., 2009. An independent evaluation of the Younger Dryas extraterrestrial impact hypothesis. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 106, 18155–18158.Google Scholar
Teller, J.T., 1989. Importance of the Rossendale site in establishing a deglacial chronology along the southwestern margin of the Laurentide Ice Sheet. Quaternary Research 32, 12–23.Google Scholar
Teller, J.T., 2013. Lake Agassiz during the Younger Dryas. Quaternary Research 80, 361–369.Google Scholar
Teller, J.T., McGinn, R.A., Rajapara, H.M., Shukla, A.D., Singhvi, A.K., 2018. Optically-stimulated luminescence ages from the Lake Agassiz basin in Manitoba. Quaternary Research 89, 478–493.Google Scholar
Teller, J.T., and Thorleifson, L.H., 1983. The Lake Agassiz – Lake Superior connection. In: Teller, J.T., Clayton, L. (Eds.), Glacial Lake Agassiz, Geological Association Canada, Special Paper 26, pp. 261–290.Google Scholar
Teller, J.T., Yang, Z., Boyd, M., Buhay, W.M., McMillan, K., Kling, H.J., Telka, A.M., 2008. Postglacial sedimentary record and history of West Hawk Lake crater, Manitoba. Journal of Paleolimnology 40, 661–688.Google Scholar
Van Hoesel, A., Hoek, W.Z., Pennock, G.M., Drury, M.R., 2014. The Younger Dryas impact hypothesis: a critical review. Quaternary Science Reviews 83, 95–114.Google Scholar
Wallace, W., 2002. Evolution of Holocene eolian landscapes in the Glacial Lake Hind basin, Manitoba. Géographie Physique et Quaternaire 56, 305–313.10.7202/009113arGoogle Scholar
Wasson, J.T., 2003. Large aerial bursts: an important class of terrestrial accretionary events. Astrobiology 3, 163–179.Google Scholar
Wilkin, R., Barnes, H., Brantley, S., 1996. The size distribution of framboidal pyrite in modern sediments: an indicator of redox conditions. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 60, 3897–3912.Google Scholar
Wittke, J.H., Weaver, J.C., Bunch, T.E., Kennett, J.P., Kennett, D.J., Moore, A.M., Hillman, G.C., Tankersley, K.B., Goodyear, A.C., Moore, C.R., 2013. Evidence for deposition of 10 million tonnes of impact spherules across four continents 12,800 y ago. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 110, E2088–E2097.Google Scholar
Wolbach, W.S., Ballard, J.P., Mayewski, P.A., Adedeji, V., Bunch, T.E., Firestone, R.B., French, T.A., Howard, G.A., Israde-Alcántara, I., Johnson, J.R., 2018a. Extraordinary biomass-burning episode and impact winter triggered by the Younger Dryas cosmic impact ~12,800 years ago. 1. Ice cores and glaciers. Journal of Geology 126, 165–184.Google Scholar
Wolbach, W.S., Ballard, J.P., Mayewski, P.A., Parnell, A.C., Cahill, N., Adedeji, V., Bunch, T.E., Domínguez-Vázquez, G., Erlandson, J.M., Firestone, R.B., 2018b. Extraordinary biomass-burning episode and impact winter triggered by the Younger Dryas cosmic impact ~12,800 years ago. 2. Lake, marine, and terrestrial sediments. Journal of Geology 126, 185–205.Google Scholar
Wolfe, B., Teller, J., 1995. Sedimentation in ice-damned glacial Lake Assiniboine, Saskatchewan, and catastrophic drainage down the Assiniboine Valley. Géographie Physique et Quaternaire 49, 251–263.Google Scholar
Wood, R.D., 1965. Monograph of the Characeae. In: Wood, R.D., Imahori, K. (Eds.), A Revision of the Characeae. Cramer, Weinheim, pp. 1–904.Google Scholar
Yansa, C.H., 2006. The timing and nature of Late Quaternary vegetation changes in the northern Great Plains, USA and Canada: a re-assessment of the spruce phase. Quaternary Science Reviews 25, 263–281.Google Scholar
Young, J., Chow, N., Ferguson, I., Maris, V., McDonald, D., Benson, D., Halden, N., Matile, G., 2000. Gypsum rosettes in southern Manitoba: tools for environmental analysis and public awareness.[Abstract] GeoCanada 2000, the Millennium Geoscience Summit, Calgary, Alberta, May 2000.Google Scholar
Supplementary material: File

Teller et al. supplementary material

Teller et al. supplementary material

Download Teller et al. supplementary material(File)
File 13.4 MB