Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-t5tsf Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-16T15:13:56.525Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

The Mesolithic–Neolithic transition in southern Iberia

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Miguel Cortés Sánchez ,
Francisco J. Jiménez Espejo ,
María D. Simón Vallejo ,
Juan F. Gibaja Bao ,
António Faustino Carvalho ,
Francisca Martinez-Ruiz ,
Marta Rodrigo Gamiz ,
José-Abel Flores ,
Adina Paytan  and
José A. López Sáez
...Show all authors
Miguel Cortés Sánchez
Affiliation:
Departamento de Prehistoria y Arqueología, Facultad de Geografía e Historia, Universidad de Sevilla, c/ María de Padilla s/n. 41004, Spain
Francisco J. Jiménez Espejo*
Affiliation:
Insituto Andaluz de Ciencias de la Tierra (CSIC-UGR), Avda. de las Palmeras, 4, Armilla. 18100 Granada, Spain Institute of Biogeosciences, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), Natsushima-cho 2-15, Yokosuka 237-0061, Japan
María D. Simón Vallejo
Affiliation:
Fundación Cueva de Nerja, Crta. de Maro, s/n. 29787 Nerja, Málaga, Spain
Juan F. Gibaja Bao
Affiliation:
Departamento de Arqueología CSIC-IMF, Investigador Ramón y Cajal. C/ Egipciaques, 15. 08001 Barcelona, Spain
António Faustino Carvalho
Affiliation:
FCT, Universidade do Algarve, Faculdade de Ciências Humanas e Sociais, Campus de Gambelas, 8000-117, Faro, Portugal
Francisca Martinez-Ruiz
Affiliation:
Insituto Andaluz de Ciencias de la Tierra (CSIC-UGR), Avda. de las Palmeras, 4, Armilla. 18100 Granada, Spain
Marta Rodrigo Gamiz
Affiliation:
Insituto Andaluz de Ciencias de la Tierra (CSIC-UGR), Avda. de las Palmeras, 4, Armilla. 18100 Granada, Spain
José-Abel Flores
Affiliation:
Departamento de Geología, Universidad de Salamanca, 37008 Salamanca, Spain
Adina Paytan
Affiliation:
Institute of Marine Sciences, Earth & Planetary Sciences Department, University of Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
José A. López Sáez
Affiliation:
Research group “Arqueobiología”, Centro de Ciencias Humanas y Sociales, CSIC, Albasanz, 26-28, 28037, Madrid, Spain
Leonor Peña-Chocarro
Affiliation:
Research group “Arqueobiología”, Centro de Ciencias Humanas y Sociales, CSIC, Albasanz, 26-28, 28037, Madrid, Spain
José S. Carrión
Affiliation:
Departamento de Biología Vegetal (Botánica), Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain
Arturo Morales Muñiz
Affiliation:
Laboratorio de Zooarqueología, Departamento de Biología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain
Eufrasia Roselló Izquierdo
Affiliation:
Laboratorio de Zooarqueología, Departamento de Biología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain
José A. Riquelme Cantal
Affiliation:
Insituto Andaluz de Ciencias de la Tierra (CSIC-UGR), Avda. de las Palmeras, 4, Armilla. 18100 Granada, Spain
Rebecca M. Dean
Affiliation:
Division of Social Sciences, University of Minnesota-Morris, 600E, 4th St., Morris, Minnesota, 56267, USA
Emília Salgueiro
Affiliation:
Unidade de Geologia Marinha, LNEG (ex-INETI), Apart. 7586, 2720-866, Amadora, Portugal CIMAR Laboratório Associado, Rua dos Bragas, 289, 4050-123 Porto, Portugal
Rafael M. Martínez Sánchez
Affiliation:
Área de Prehistoria, Facultad de Filosofía y Letras, Universidad de Córdoba, Plaza Cardenal Salazar, s/n. 14071, Córdoba, Spain
Juan J. De la Rubia de Gracia
Affiliation:
Archivo Municipal de Mijas, Avda. Virgen de la Peña, 2. 29650 Mijas, Málaga, Spain
María C. Lozano Francisco
Affiliation:
Museo Municipal Paleontológico de Estepona, Matías Prats, s/n. 29680, Estepona, Málaga, Spain
José L. Vera Peláez
Affiliation:
Museo Municipal Paleontológico de Estepona, Matías Prats, s/n. 29680, Estepona, Málaga, Spain
Laura Llorente Rodríguez
Affiliation:
Laboratorio de Zooarqueología, Departamento de Biología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain
Nuno F. Bicho
Affiliation:
FCT, Universidade do Algarve, Faculdade de Ciências Humanas e Sociais, Campus de Gambelas, 8000-117, Faro, Portugal
*
*Corresponding author. E-mail addresses:[email protected] (M. Cortés Sánchez), [email protected] (F.J. Jiménez Espejo), [email protected] (M.D. Simón Vallejo), [email protected] (J.F. Gibaja Bao), [email protected] (F. Martinez-Ruiz), [email protected] (M.R. Gamiz), [email protected] (J.-A. Flores), [email protected] (A. Paytan), [email protected] (J.A. López Sáez), [email protected] (L. Peña-Chocarro), [email protected] (J.S. Carrión), [email protected] (A. Morales Muñiz), [email protected] (E. Roselló Izquierdo), [email protected] (R.M. Dean), [email protected] (E. Salgueiro), [email protected] (R.M. Martínez Sánchez), [email protected] (J.J. De la Rubia de Gracia), [email protected] (M.C. Lozano Francisco), [email protected] (J.L. Vera Peláez), [email protected] (L.L. Rodríguez), [email protected] (N.F. Bicho).
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

New data and a review of historiographic information from Neolithic sites of the Malaga and Algarve coasts (southern Iberian Peninsula) and from the Maghreb (North Africa) reveal the existence of a Neolithic settlement at least from 7.5 cal ka BP. The agricultural and pastoralist food producing economy of that population rapidly replaced the coastal economies of the Mesolithic populations. The timing of this population and economic turnover coincided with major changes in the continental and marine ecosystems, including upwelling intensity, sea-level changes and increased aridity in the Sahara and along the Iberian coast. These changes likely impacted the subsistence strategies of the Mesolithic populations along the Iberian seascapes and resulted in abandonments manifested as sedimentary hiatuses in some areas during the Mesolithic–Neolithic transition. The rapid expansion and area of dispersal of the early Neolithic traits suggest the use of marine technology. Different evidences for a Maghrebian origin for the first colonists have been summarized. The recognition of an early North-African Neolithic influence in Southern Iberia and the Maghreb is vital for understanding the appearance and development of the Neolithic in Western Europe. Our review suggests links between climate change, resource allocation, and population turnover.

Keywords

Abrupt climate changeMesolithic–Neolithic transitionSouth IberiaHoloceneMigrationHunter–fisher–gatherersPaleoceanography
Type
Original Articles
Information
Quaternary Research , Volume 77 , Issue 2 , March 2012 , pp. 221 - 234
Copyright
University of Washington

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Adam, G. 1995, Hümero humano neolítico trabajado de la cueva de Nerja (Málaga) y su contexto en el ámbito del estrecho de Gibraltar. Actas del II Congreso Internacional El Estrecho de Gibraltar, t. I. Crónica y Prehist UNED Madrid 105–112.Google Scholar
Alley, R.B. Ágüstsdóttir, A.M. 2005, The 8 ka event: cause and consequences of a major abrupt 3 climate change. Quaternary Science Reviews 24, 1123–1149.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ammermann, A.J. Cavalli-Sforza, L.L. 1984, The Neolithic Transition and the Genetics of Populations in Europe. Princeton University Press Princeton.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Anderson, A. Jiménez-Moreno, G. Carrión, J.S. Pérez-Martínez, C. 2011, Postglacial history of alpine vegetation, fire, and climate from Laguna de Río Seco, Sierra Nevada, southern Spain. Quaternary Science Reviews 30, 1615–1629 10.1016/j.quascirev.2011.03.005 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Andreo, B. Carrasco, F. Saez de Galdeano, C. 1994, Types of carbonate aquifers according to the fracturation and the karstification in a southern Spanish area. Environmental Geology 30, 163–173.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Arribas, A. Molina, F. 1991, Los Millares. Nuevas perspectivas. Deya Internl Conference of Prehistory. Recent Developments in Western Mediterranean Prehistory: Archaeological Techniques, Technology and Theory II. British Archael Reports, International Series 574, Oxford 409–420.Google Scholar
Aura, J.E. Badal, E. García, P. García, O. Pascual, J. Pérez, G. Pérez, M. Jordá, J.F. 2005, Cueva de Nerja (Málaga). Los niveles neolíticos de la Sala del Vestíbulo. Arias, P. Ontañón, R. García, C. III Congreso del Neolítico en la Península Ibérica. IIPC, Santander, Monografías I. 975–987.Google Scholar
Aura, J.E. Jordá, J. Pérez, M. Morales, J.V. García, O.M. González, J. Avezuela, B. 2009, Epipaleolítico y Mesolítico en Andalucía oriental. . Primeras notas a partir de datos de la Cueva de Nerja (Málaga, España). In:Utrilla, P. Montes, L. (Coord.), El Mesolítico Geométrico en la Península Ibérica . University of Zaragoza, Monografías de ArqueologÃ-a 44, Zaragoza, pp. 343–360.Google Scholar
Ballouche, A. Marinval, P. 2003, Donnés palynologiques et carpologiques sur la domestication des plantes et l'agriculture dans le Néolithique ancien du Maroc septentrional. Le site de Kaf That el Ghar. Revue d'Archéometrie 27, 49–54.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bárcena, M.A. Abrantes, F. 1998, Evidence of a high-productivity area off the coast of Málaga from studies of diatoms in surface sediments. Mar Micropaleontology 35, 91–103.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bernabeu, J. 2002, The social and symbolic context of Neolithization. Badal, E. Bernabeu, J. Martí, B. El paisaje en el Neolítico mediterráneo. Saguntum 5, 209–234.Google Scholar
Bernabeu, J. Molina, L. 2009, La Cova de les Cendres. Valoración final. Bernabeu, J. Molina, L. La Cova de les Cendres (Moraina-Teulada, Alicante). MARQ/serie mayor 6, Alicante. 195–208.Google Scholar
Bernabeu, J. Barton, C.M. Pérez Ripoll, M. 2001, A taphonomic perspective on Neolithic beginnings: theory, interpretation, and empirical data in the Western Mediterranean. Journal of Archaeogical Science 28, 597–612.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bernabeu, J. Orozco, T. Díez, A. 2002, El poblamiento neolítico: desarrollo del paisaje agrario en el valle de l'Alcoy. Hernández, M.S. Segura, M. La Sarga: Arte rupestre y territorio. Ayuntamiento de Alcoy, Alcoy. 171–184.Google Scholar
Bernabeu, J. Orozco, T. Díez, A. Gómez, A. Gómez, M. Molina, F.J. 2003, Mas d'Is (Penà guila, Alicante): aldeas y recintos monumentales del Neolítico inicial en el valle del Serpis. Trabajos de Prehistoria 60, 39–59.Google Scholar
Bernabeu, J. Molina, L. Esquembre, M.A. Ortega, J.R. Boronat, J. 2009, La cerámica impresa mediterránea en el origen del neolítico de la península ibérica. Archives d'Écologie Préhistorique, Toulousse 83–95.Google Scholar
Bicho, N. 2009, On the edge: early Holocene adaptations in Southwestern Iberia. Journal of Anthropological Research 65, 185–206.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bicho, N. Haws, J. 2008, At the land's end: marine resources and the importance of fluctuations in the coast line in the prehistoric hunter–gatherer economy of Portugal. Quaternary Science Reviews 27, 2166–2175.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bicho, N. Stiner, M.C. Lindly, J. Ferring, C.R. 2003, O Mesolítico e o Neolítico antigo da costa algarvia. Gonçálves, V.S. Trabalhos de Arqueologia 25, Instituto Português de Arqueologia Lisboa 15–22.Google Scholar
Blanton, J.O. Tenore, K.R. Castillejo, F. Atkinson, L.P. Schwing, F.B. Lavin, A. 1987, The relationship of upwelling to mussel production in the rias on the western coast of Spain. Journal of Marine Research 45, 497–511.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Boski, T. Camacho, S. Moura, D. Fletcher, W. Wilamowski, A. Veiga-Pires, C. Correia, V. Loureiro, C. Santana, P. 2008, Estuarine coastal shelf. Science 77, 230–244.Google Scholar
Broodbank, C. 2006, The origins and early development of Mediterranean maritime activity. Journal of Mediterranean Archaeology 19, 2 199–230.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brooks, N. 2006, Cultural responses to aridity in the Middle Holocene and increased social complexity. Quaternary International 151, 29–49.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cacho, I. Shackleton, N. Elderfield, H. Sierro, F.J. Grimalt, J.O. 2006, Glacial rapid variability in deep-water temperature and a 18O from the Western Mediterranean Sea. Quaterbary Science Reviews 25, 3294–3311.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cardoso, J.L. Carvalho, A.F. Norton, J. 2001, A estação do Neolítico antigo de Cabranosa (Sagres, Vila do Bispo): estudo dos materiais e integração cronológico-cultural. O Arqueól Português. Série IV/16, 55–96.Google Scholar
Carrión, J.S. 2002, Patterns and processes of Late Quaternary environmental change in a montane region of southwestern Europe. Quaternary Sciences Review 21, 2047–2066.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Carrión, J.S. Andrade, A. Bennet, K.D. Navarro, C. Munuera, M. 2001, Crossing forest thresholds: inertia and collapse in a Holocene sequence from south-central Spain. Holocene 11, 635–653.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Carrión, J.S. Fernández, S. Jiménez-Moreno, G. Fauquette, S. Gil-Romera, G. González-Sampériz, P. Finlayson, C. 2009, The historical origins of aridity and vegetation degradation in southeastern Spain. Journal of Arid Environments 10.1016/j.jaridenv.2008.11.014# Google Scholar
Carrión, J.S. Fernández, S. González Sampériz, P. Gil Romera, G. Badal, E. Carrión Marco, Y. López-Merino, L. López Sáez, J.A. Fierro, E. Burjachs, F. 2010, Expected trends and surprises in the Lateglacial and Holocene vegetation history of the Iberian Peninsula and Balearic Islands. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 162, 458–475.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Carvalho, A.F. 2008, A Neolitização do Portugal Meridional. Os exemplos do Maciço Calcário Estremenho e do Algarve Ocidental. Promontoria Monográfias 12, University of Algarve Faro, Portugal.Google Scholar
Carvalho, A.F. 2009, O Mesolítico final em Portugal. Utrilla, P. Montes, L. El Mesolítico geométrico en la Península Ibérica. Monografia Arqueologica 44, Univ Zaragoza Zaragoza 33–68.Google Scholar
Carvalho, A.F. 2010, Le passage vers l'Atlantique. Le processus de néolithisation en Algarve (Sud du Portugal). L'Anthropologie 114, 141–178.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Carvalho, A.F. Dean, R.M. Bicho, N.F. Figueiral, I. Petchey, F. Simon, J.M. Jackes, M. Lubell, D. Beukens, R. Morales, A. Roselló Izquierdo, E. 2008, O Neolítico antigo de Vale Boi (Algarve, Portugal): primeiros resultados. . IV Congreso del Neolítico Peninsular, I. Alicante: Museo Arqueol Alicante. pp. 267–274.Google Scholar
Carvalho, A.F. Valente, M.J. Dean, R.M. 2010, O Mesolítico e o Neolítico antigo do concheiro da Rocha das Gaivotas (Sagres, Vila do Bispo). 7° Encontro Arqueologia Xelb 10, 39–54.Google Scholar
Clare, L. Rohling, J. Weniger, B. Hilpert, J. 2008, Warfare in Late Neolithic/Early Chalcolithic Pisidia, southwestern Turkey. Climate induced social unrest in the late 7th millennium cal BC. Documenta Praehistorica XXXV, 65–92.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Clark, J.D. Williams, M.A.J. Smith, A.B. 1973, The geomorpology and archaeology of Adrar Bous, central Sahara: a preliminary report. Quaternaria 17, 245–296.Google Scholar
Cole, J.M. Goldstein, S.L. de Menocal, P.B. Hemming, S.R. Grousset, F.E. 2009, Contrasting compositions of Saharan dust in the eastern Atlantic Ocean during the last deglaciation and African Humid Period. Earth Planet Science Letters 278, 257–266.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Colonese, A.C. Zanchetta, G. Fallick, A.E. Martini, F. Manganelli, G. Drysdale, R.N. 2010, Stable isotope composition of Helix ligata (Müller, 1774) from Late Pleistocene–Holocene archaeological record from Grotta della Serratura (Southern Italy): palaeoclimatic implications. Global Planet Change 71, 249–257.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Combourieu Nebout, N. Peyron, O. Dormoy, I. Desprat, S. Beaudouin, C. Kotthoff, U. Marret, F. 2009, Rapid climatic variability in the west Mediterranean during the last 25,000 years from high resolution pollen data. Climate Past 5, 503–521.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cortés, M. 2007, Cueva Bajondillo (Torremolinos). Secuencia cronocultural y paleoambiental del Cuaternario reciente en la Bahía de Málaga. CEDMA Málaga.Google Scholar
Cortés, M. Morales, A. Simón, M.D. Bergadà , M.M. Delgado, A. López, P. López Sáez, J.A. Lozano, M.C. Riquelme, J.A. Roselló, E. Sánchez, A. Vera, J.L. 2008, Palaeoenvironmental and cultural dynamics of the coast of Malaga (Andalucía, Spain) during the Upper Pleistocene and Early Holocene. Quaternary Science Reviews 27, 2176–2193.Google Scholar
Cortés, M. Simón, M.D. Riquelme, J.A. Peña-Chocarro, L. Gibaja, J.F. de la Rubia, J.J. Martínez, R. 2010, El Neolítico en la costa de Málaga: viejos y nuevos datos para su contextualización en el proceso de neolitización del sur de la península Ibérica. Gibaja, J.F. Carvalho, A. The last hunter-gatherers and the first farming communities in the South of the Iberian peninsula and North of Morocco. Promontoria Monografias 15, University of Faro Faro 151–162.Google Scholar
Cremaschi, M. 1998, Late Quaternary geologica evidence for environmentla changes in south-western Fezzan (Lybian Sahara). In Wadi Teshunat. Paleoenvironment and Prehistory in South-western Fezzan (Lybian Sahara). Quaderni di Geodinamica Alpina e Quaternaria 7, 13–47.Google Scholar
Cremaschi, M. 2002, Late Pleistocene and Holocen climatic changes in the central Sahara. The case study of the southwestern Fezzan, Libya. Hassan, F.A. Droughts, Food and Culture. Ecological change and Food Security in Africa's Later Prehistory. Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers New York 65–82.Google Scholar
Daugas, J.P. El Idrissi, A. Ballouche, A. Marinval, P. Ouchaou, B. 2008, Le néolithique ancien au Maroc septentrional: dones documentaires, sériation typochronologique et hypothèses génétiques“. Bulletin de la Socièté Préhistorique Française 105, 787–812.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dean, R.M. Carvalho, A.F. 2011, Surf and turf: the use of marine and terrestrial resources in the Early Neolithic of Coastal Southern Portugal. Bicho, N.F. Haws, J.A. Davis, L.G. Trekking the shore. Changing coastlines and the antiquity of coastal settlement Springer Science+Business Media New York 291–392.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dean, R.M. Valente, M.J. Carvalho, A.F. 2011, The Mesolithic/Neolithic transition on the Costa Vicentina, Portugal. Quaternary International 3040, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2011.10.024 (JQI).Google Scholar
Di Lernia, S. 2002, Dry climatic events and cultural trayectories: adjusting middle Holocene pastoral economy of the Libyan Sahara. Hassan, F.A. Droughts, Food and Culture, Ecological Cahcne and Food Security in Africa's Later Prehistory. Kluwer Academic/Plenun Publishers New York 225–250.Google Scholar
Dormoy, I. Peyron, O. Combourieu Nebout, N. Goring, S. Kotthoff, U. Magny, M. Pross, J. 2009, Terrestrial climate variability and seasonality changes in the Mediterranean region between 15,000 and 4000 years BP deduced from marine pollen records. Climate Past 5, 615–632.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Eynaud, F. Abreu, L. Voelker, A. Schönfeld, J. Salgueiro, E. Turón, J.L. Penaud, A. Toucanne, S. Naughton, F. Sánchez Goñi, M.F. Malaizé, B. Cacho, I. 2009, Position of the Polar Front along the western Iberian margin during key cold episodes of the last 45 ka. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems 10, Q07U05 10.1029/2009GC002398 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fa, D.A. 2008, Effects of tidal amplitude on intertidal resource availability and dispersal pressure in prehistoric human coastal populations: the Mediterranean–Atlantic transition. Quaternary Science Reviews 27, 2194–2209.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fernández López de Pablo, J. Jochim, M.A. 2009, The impact of the 8200 cal BP climatic event on human mobility strategies during the Iberian late Mesolithic. Journal of Anthropological Research 66, .Google Scholar
Fiüza, A.F.G. 1984, Hidrologia e Dinamica das Aguas Costeiras de Portugal. Fac Ciências University of Lisboa Lisboa.Google Scholar
Fletcher, W.J. Boski, T. Moura, D. 2007, Palynological evidence for environmental and climatic change in the lower Guadiana valley, Portugal, during the last 13,000 years. Holocene 17, 481–494.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fletcher, W.J. Sánchez Goñi, M.F. Peyron, O. Dormoy, I. 2010, Abrupt climate changes of the last deglaciation detected in a Western Mediterranean forest record. Climate Past 6, 245–264.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fontaine, M.C. Tolley, K.A. Michaux, J.R. Birkun jr., A. Ferreira, M. Jauniaux, T. Llavona, A. Öztürk, B. Öztürk, A.A. Ridoux, V. Rogan, E. Sequeira, M. Bouquegneau, J.M. Baird, S.J.E. 2010, Genetic and historic evidence for climate-driven population fragmentation in a top cetacean predator: the harbour porpoises in European water. Proceedings of the Royal Society Biology http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2010.0412CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fontes, J. Gasse, F. 1989, On the ages of humid Holocene and Late Pleistocene phases in North Africa – remarks on “Late Quaternary climatic reconstruction for the Maghreb (North Africa)” by P. Rognon. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 70, 393–398.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Frigola, J. Moreno, A. Cacho, I. Canals, M. Sierro, J. Flores, A. Grimalt, J.O. Hodell, D.A. Curtis, J.H. 2007, Holocene climate variability in the western Mediterranean region from a deepwater sediment record. Paleoceanography 22, PA2209 10.1029/2006PA001307 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Frisia, S.A. Borsato, A. Mangini, A. Spötl, C. Madonia, G. Sauro, U. 2006, Holocene climate variability from a discontinuous stalagmite record and the Mesolithic to Neolithic transition. Quaternary Research 66, 388–400.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
García, O. 2006, El proceso de neolitización en la fachada mediterránea de la península Ibérica. Tecnología y tipología de la piedra tallada. Oxford: British Archaeological Reports. International Series 1430, .Google Scholar
Gasse, F. 2000, Hydrological changes in the African tropics since the last glacial maximum. Quat Sci Rev 19, 189–211.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gasse, F. Van Campo, E. 1994, Abrupt post-glacial climate events in West Asia and North Africa monsoon domains. Earth Planet Science Letters 126, 435–456.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Geraga, M. Tsaila-Monopolis, S. Ioakim, C. Papatheodorou, G. Ferentinos, G. 2000, Evaluation of palaeoenvironmental changes during the last 18,000 years in the Myrtoon basin, SW Aegean Sea. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 156, 1–17.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gibaja, J.F. Ibáñez, J.J. Rodríguez, A. González, J.E. Clemente, I. García, V. Perales, U. 2010, Estado de la cuestión sobre los estudios traceológicos realizados en contextos mesolíticos y neolíticos del sur peninsular y noroeste de África. Gibaja, A. Carvalho, J.F. The Last Hunter–Gatherers and the First Farming Communities in the South of the Iberian Peninsula and North of Morocco. Promontoria Monográfias 15, University of Faro Faro 181–190.Google Scholar
Gil-De-Sola, L. 1999, Ictiofauna Demersal del Mar de Alborán: Distribución, Abundancia y Espectro de Tamaños. . PhD dissertation. Madrid: Universitu Autónoma Madrid.Google Scholar
Gomes, M.V. 2008, Castelo Belinho (Algarve, Portugal) and the first southwest Iberian villages. Diniz, M. The Early Neolithic in the Iberian Peninsula. Regional and Transregional Components. British Archaeol Reports, Oxford, International Series 1857, 71–78.Google Scholar
González Sampériz, P. Utrilla, P. Mazo, C. Valero Garcés, B. Sopena, M.C. Morellón, M. Sebastián, M. Moreno, A. Martínez Bea, M. 2009, Patterns of human occupation during the early Holocene in the Central Ebro Basin (NE Spain) in response to the 8.2 ka climatic event. Quaternary Research 71, 121–132.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Goy, J.L. Zazo, C. Dabrio, C.J. Lario, J. Borja, F. Sierro, F.J. Flores, J.A. 1996, Global and regional factors controlling changes of coastlines in southern Iberia (Spain) during the Holocene. Quaternary Science Reviews 15, 773–780.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Guilaine, J. 1994, La Mer Partagée. La Méditerranée avant l'écriture, 7.000–2.000 avant Jésus-Christ. Hachette Paris.Google Scholar
Guilaine, J. Manen, C. Vigne, J.D. 2007, Pont de Roque-Haute. Nouveaux regards sur la néolithisation de la France méditerranéenne. . In Guilaine, J. Manen, C. Vigne(dir.), J.D., Pont de Roque-Haute . Nouveaux regards sur la néolithisation de la France Méditerranéenne. EHESS-CRPPM, Archives d'Écologie Préhistorique, Toulouse, pp. 151–166.Google Scholar
Haak, W. Balanovsky, O. Sanchez, J.J. Koshel, S. Zaporozhchenko, V. Adler, C.J. Der Sarkissian, C.S.I. Brandt, G. Schwarz, C. Nicklisch, N. Dresely, V. Fritsch, B. Balanovska, E. Villems, R. Meller, H. Alt, K.W. Cooper, A.the Genographic ConsortiumAncient DNA from European Early Neolitich farmers reveals their near Eastern affinities. PLoS Biology 8, 11 e1000536 10.1371/journal.pbio.1000536 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Holzwarth, U. Meggers, H. Esper, O. Kuhlmann, H. Freudenthal, T. Hensen, C. Zonneveld, K.A.F. 2010, NW African climate variations during the last 47,000 years: evidence from organic-walled dinoflagellate cysts. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 291, 443–455.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ibáñez, J.J. Clemente, I. Gassin, B. Gibaja, J.F. González, J.E. Márquez, B. Philibert, S. Rodríguez, A. 2008, Harvesting technology during the Neolithic in South-West Europe. Long, L. Skakun, N. Prehistoric Technology' 40 Years Later: Functional Studies and the Russian Legacy. Bar International Series, Oxford S1783, 183–196.Google Scholar
Jalut, G. Dedoubat, J.J. Fontugne, M. Otto, T. 2008, Holocene circum-Mediterranean vegetation changes: climate forcing and human impact. Quaternary International 10.1016/j.quaint.2008.03.012 Google Scholar
Jansson, K.N. Kleman, J. 2004, Early Holocene glacial lake meltwater injections into the Labrador Sea and Ungava Bay. Paleoceanography 19, PA1001 10.1029/2003PA000943 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jiménez Espejo, F.J. Martínez Ruiz, F. Sakamoto, T. Iijima, K. Gallego Torres, D. Harada, N. 2007, Paleonvironmental changes in the western Mediterranean since the last glacial maximum: high resolution multiproxy record from the Algero-Balearic basin. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 246, 292–306.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jiménez Espejo, F.J. Martinez Ruiz, F. Rogerson, M. Gonzalez Donoso, J.M. Romero, O.E. Linares, D. Sakamoto, T. Linares, D. Sakamoto, T. Gallego Torres, D. Rueda Ruiz, J.L. Ortega Huertas, M. Perez Claros, J.A. 2008, Detrital input, productivity fluctuations, and water mass circulation in the westernmost Mediterranean Sea since the Last Glacial Maximum. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems 9, Q11U02 10.1029/2008GC002096 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jordá, J.F. 1986, La fauna malacológica de la cueva de Nerja. Jordá, J.F. La Prehistoria de la Cueva de Nerja 1. Málaga: Patronato de la Cueva de Nerja. 147–177.Google Scholar
Kotthoff, U. Müller, U.C. Pross, J. Schmiedl, G. Van de Schootbrugge, B. Lawson, I. Schulz, H. 2008, Lateglacial and Holocene vegetation dynamics in the Aegean region: an integrated view based on pollen data from marine and terrestrial archives. The Holocene 18, 1019–1032.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Linstädter, J. 2003, Le site néolithique de l'abri d'Hassi Ouenzga (Rif Oriental, Maroc). Beiträge zur Allgemeinen und Vergleichenden Archäologie 23, 85–138.Google Scholar
Linstädter, J. 2008, The Epipaleolithic–Neolithic-transition in the mediterranean region of Northwest Africa. Quartär 55, 41–62.Google Scholar
Linstädter, J. 2010, Recherches récentes sur les sites en grotte du Néolithique ancien de l'Est marocain. Premières sociétés paysannes de Méditerrannée occidental. Mémoire LI de la Socièté Préhistorique Française, Paris 227–235.Google Scholar
López Sáez, J.A. López Merino, L. 2008, Antropización y neolitización durante el Holoceno en Marruecos: una aproximación paleopalinológica. Hernández, M.S. Soler, J.A. López, J. Act. IV Congreso del Neolítico Peninsular I. Museo Arqueol Alicante, Alicante. 438–444.Google Scholar
Lubell, D. Jackes, M. Sheppard, P. Rowley-Conwy, P. 2007, The Mesolithic–Neolithic in the Alentejo: archaeological investigations, 1984–1986. Bicho, N.F. IV Congresso de Arqueologia Peninsular. From the Mediterranean Basin to the Portuguese Atlantic Shore: Papers in Honor of Anthony Marks. Promontoria Monográfia 7, University of Algarve Faro 209–230.Google Scholar
Lugliè, C. 2010, L'ossidiana del Monte Arci nel Mediterraneo: advances in the studies of diffusion, production systems and their chronology. Proceedings of the Vth International Conference, Pau.Google Scholar
Magny, M. De Beaulieu, J.L. Drescher-Schneider, R. Vanniere, B. Walter-Simonnet, A.V. Miras, Y. Millet, L. Bossuet, G. Peyron, O. Brugiapaglia, E. Leroux, A. 2007, Holocene climate changes in the central Mediterranean as recorded by lake-level fluctuations at Lake Accesa (Tuscany, Italy). Quaternary Science Reviews 26, 1736–1758.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Maley, J. 1977, Palaeoclimates of central Sahara during the early Holocene. Nature 269, 573–577.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Manen, C. 2000, Implantation de faciès d'origine italienne au Néolithique ancien l'exemple des sites liguriens du Languedoc. Éditions Archives d'Ecologie Préhistorique Toulouse 35–42.Google Scholar
Manen, C. Marchand, G. Carvalho, A.F. 2007, Le Néolithique ancien en Péninsule Ibérique: vers une nouvelle évaluation du mirage africain?. Evin, J. XXVIe Congrès Préhistorique de France. Socièté Préhistorique Française Paris 133–151.Google Scholar
Mangini, A. Jung, M. Laukenmann, S. 2001, What do we learn from peaks of uranium and of manganese in deep sea sediments?. Marine Geology 177, 63–78.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Martínez, Ruiz F. Paytan, A. Kastner, M. Gonzalez Donoso, J.M. Linares, D. Bernasconi, S.M. Jiménez Espejo, F.J. 2003, A comparative study of the geochemical and mineralogical characteristics of the S1 sapropel in the western and eastern Mediterranean. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 190, 23–37.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Martrat, B. Grimalt, J.O. López Martinez, C. Cacho, I. Sierro, F.J. Flores, J.A. Zahn, R. Canals, M. Curtis, J.H. Hodell, D.A. 2004, Abrupt temperature changes in the Western Mediterranean over the past 250,000 years. Science 306, 1762–1765.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Martrat, B. Grimalt, J.O. Shackleton, N.J. de Abreu, L. Hutterli, M.A. Stocker, T.F. 2007, Four climate cycles of recurring deep and surface water destabilizations on the Iberian margin. Science 317, 502–507.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mikdad, A. Eiwanger, J. 1999, Recherches préhistoriques et protohistoriques dans le Rif Oriental (Maroc). Rapport préliminaires. Beiträge zur Allgemeinen und Vergleichenden Archäologie 19, 109–160.Google Scholar
Morales, A. Martín, J.M. 1995, Los mamíferos de la Cueva de Nerja: análisis de las cuadrículas NM-80A, NM80B, y NT-82. Pellicer, M. Morales, A. Fauna de la Cueva de Nerja. Trabajos sobre la Cueva de Nerja 5, Patronato de la Cueva de Nerja Málaga 59–159.Google Scholar
Moreno, A. Cacho, I. Canals, M. Prins, M.A. Sánchez Goñi, M.F. Grimalt, J.O. Weltje, G.J. 2002, Saharan dust transport and high-latitude glacial climatic variability: the Alboran Sea record. Quaternary Research 58, 318–328.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mulazzani, S. Le Bourdonnec, F.X. Belhouchet, L. Poupeau, G. Zoughlami, J. Dubernet, S. Tufano, E. Lefrais, Y. Khedhaier, R. 2010, Obsidian from the Epipalaeolithic and Neolithic eastern Maghreb. A view from the Hergla context (Tunisia). Journal of Archaeological Science 37, 2529–2537.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pellicer, M. Acosta, P. 1997, El Neolítico y Calcolítico de la Cueva de Nerja en el contexto andaluz. Trabajos sobre la Cueva de Nerja 6, Patronato de la Cueva de Nerja Málaga.Google Scholar
Peña Chocarro, L. 1999, Prehistoric agriculture in Spain. The application of ethnographic models. British Archaeological Report International Series 818, Oxford.Google Scholar
Pereira, F. Davis, S.J.M. Pereira, L. McEvoy, B. Bradley, D.G. Amorim, A. 2006, Genetics signatures of a Mediterranean influence in Iberian Peninsula sheep husbandry. Molecular Biology and Evolution 23, 1420–1426.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Peyron, O. Goring, S. Dormoy, I. Kotthoff, U. Pross, J. de Beaulieu, J.-L. Drescher-Schneider, R. Vannière, B. Magny, M. 2011, Holocene seasonality changes in the central Mediterranean region reconstructed from the pollen sequences of Lake Accesa (Italy) and Tenaghi Philippon (Greece). The Holocene 21, 131–146.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pozo, M. Ruiz, F. Carretero, M.I. Rodríguez Vidal, J. Miguel Cáceres, L. Abad, M. González Regalado, M.L. 2010, Mineralogical assemblages, geochemistry and fossil associations of Pleistocene–Holocene complex siliciclastic deposits from the Southwestern Doñana National Park (SW Spain): a palaeoenvironmental approach. Sedimentary Geology 225, 1–18.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ramos, J. Pérez, M. Domínguez, J.C. Vijande, E. 2008, El africanismo en los estudios pre- y protohistóricos de Miguel Tarradell. Bernal, D. Raissouni, B. Ramos, J. Zouak, M. Parodi, M. En la orilla africana del Círculo del Estrecho. Monografías del Museo Arqueológico de Tetuán II, Tetuán. 105–141.Google Scholar
Richtkie, J.C. Eyles, C.H. Haynes, C.V. 1989, Sediment and pollen evidence for an early to mid-Holocene humid period in the eastern Sahara. Nature 314, 352–355.Google Scholar
Riquelme, J.A. 1998, Contribución al estudio arqueofaunístico durante el Neolítico y la Edad del Cobre en las Cordilleras Béticas: el yacimiento arqueológico de los Castillejos en las Peñas de los Gitanos, Montefrío (Granada). . PhD Dissertation. University of Grenada. Grenada.Google Scholar
Rodrigo Gámiz, M. Martínez Ruiz, F. Jiménez Espejo, F.J. Gallego Torres, D. Nieto Moreno, V. Martín Ramos, D. Ariztegui, D. Romero, O. 2011, Impact of climate variability in the western Mediterranean during the last 20,000 years: oceanic and atmospheric responses. Quaternary Science Reviews 10.1016/j.quascirev.2011.05.11 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rojo, M.A. Garrido, R. Bellver, J.A. Bravo, A. García, I. Gámez, S. Tejedor, C. 2010, Zafrín un asentamiento del neolítico antiguo en las Islas Chafarinas (Norte de África, España). Studia Archaeologica 96, University of Valladolid Valladolid.Google Scholar
Salas, A. Richards, M. De La Fe, T. Lareu, M.V. Sobrino, B. Sánchez, P. Macaulay, V. Carracedo, A. 2002, The making of the African mtDNA landscape. American Journal of Human Genetics 71, 1082–1111.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Salgueiro, E. Voelker, A.H.L. de Abreu, L. Abrantes, F. Meggers, H. Wefer, G. 2010, Temperature and productivity changes off the western Iberian margin during the last 150 ky. Quaternary Science Reviews 29, 680–695.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schild, R. Wendorf, F. 2001, Geoarcheology of the Holocene climatic optimum at Nabta Playa, Southwestern Desert, Egypt. Geoarchaeology 16, 7–28.3.0.CO;2-J>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sereno, P.C. Garcea, E.A.A. Jousse, H. Stojanowski, C.M. Saliège, J.F. Maga, A. Ide, O.A. Knudson, K.J. Mercuri, A.M. Stafford jr., T.W. Kaye, T. 2008, Lakeside cemeteries in the Sahara: 5000 years of Holocene population and environmental change. PLoS ONE 3, 8 e2995 10.1371/journal.pone.0002995 CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Silva, C.T. Soares, J. 1987, Les communautés du Néolithique ancien dans le Sud du Portugal. Guilaine, J. Roudil, J.L. Vernet, J.L. Premières Communautés Paysannes en Méditerranée Occidentale. CNRS Paris 663–671.Google Scholar
Simón, M.D. Cortés, M. Fernández, E. Lozano, M.C. Riquelme, J.A. Sanchidrián, J.L. Turbón, D. Vera, J.L. 2005, Aportaciones al conocimiento de la utilización de la Cueva de Nerja como necrópolis durante el NeolÃ-tico. Arias, P. Ontañón, R. García, C. III Congreso del Neolítico en la Península Ibérica. Monografías I, IIPC Santander 643–652.Google Scholar
Smayada, T.J. 1966, A quantitative analysis of the ecological conditions and the phytoplankton dynamics at 8° 45PN, 79 23PW from November 1954 to May 1957. Inter-American Tropical Tuna Commission Bulletin II, 353–612.Google Scholar
Soares, J. 1996, Padrões de povoamento e subsistência no Mesolítico da Costa Sudoeste portuguesa. Zephyrus 49, 109–124.Google Scholar
Soares, J. Silva, C.T. 2004, Alterações ambientais e povoamento na transição Mesolítico-Neolítico na Costa Sudoest. Tavares, A.A. Tavaresm, M.J.F. Cardosom, J.L. Evolução geohistórica do litoral português e fenómenos correlativos. Geologia, Historia, Arqueologia e Climatologia. University Aberta Lisboa 397–424.Google Scholar
Sousa, F.M. Bricaud, A. 1992, Satellite-derived phytoplankton pigment structures in the Portuguese upwelling area. Journal of Geophysic Research 97, 11343–11356.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stiner, M. Bicho, N. Lindly, J. Ferring, C.R. 2003, Marine exploitation at Mesolithic and early Neolithic sites of the western Algarve, Portugal. Antiquity 77, 75–86.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Turney, C.S.M. Brown, H. 2007, Catastrophic early Holocene sea level rise, human migration and the Neolithic transition in Europe. Quaternary Science Reviews 26, 2036–2041.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tykot, R.H. 1995, Prehistoric trade in the western Mediterranean: the sources and distribution of Sardinian Obsidian. . Ph Thesis. Harvard University.Google Scholar
Valente, M.J. Dean, R.M. Carvalho, A.F.in press. Shell-middens in Western Algarve (Southern Portugal) during the Mesolithic and Early Neolithic: functionality, subsistence and material culture. . In: Roksandic, M. Mendonça, S. Eggers, S. Burchell, M. Klokler (Eds.), D. The cultural dynamics of shell middens and shell mounds: a worldwide perspective . University Press Florida, Gainesville.Google Scholar
Vaquer, J. 2007, Le rôle de la zone nord-tyrrhénienne dans la diffusion de l'obsidienne en Méditerranée nord-occidentale au néolithique. D'Anna, A. Corse et Sardaigne Préhistoriques. Relations et échanges dans le contexte mediterranéen. CTHS Bastia 99–119.Google Scholar
Voelker, A.H.L. de Abreu, L. Schönfeld, J. Erlenkeuser, H. Abrantes, F. 2009, Hydrographic conditions along the western Iberian margin during marine isotope stage 2. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems 10, Q12U08 10.1029/2009GC002605 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Walter, W. Harnickell, E. Mueller-Dombois, D. 1975, Climate Diagram Maps. Springer-Verlag New York.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wang, Y. Cheng, H. Edwards, R.L. He, Y. Kong, X. An, Z. Wu, J. Megan, J. Kelly, M.J. Dykoski, C.A. Li, X. 2005, The Holocene Asian monsoon: links to solar changes and North Atlantic climate. Science 308, 854–857.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Watson, E. Bauer, K. Aman, R. Weiss, G. von Haeseler, A. 1996, mtDNA sequences diversity in Africa. American Journal of Human Genetics 59, 437–454.Google ScholarPubMed
Wendorf, F. Karlén, W. Schild, R. 2007, Middle Holocene environments of north and east Africa, with special emphasis on the African Sahara. Anderson, D.G. Maasch, K.A. Sandweiss, D.H. Climate Change and Cultural Dynamics: A Global Perspective on Mid-Holocene Transitions. Academic Press New York.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Weninger, B. Jöris, O. Danzeglocke, U. 2007, CalPal-University of Cologne Radiocarbon Calibration Program Package CalPal2007_HULU, Institut der Ur-und Frühgeschite, Universität zu Köln. Köln. . Avaible: http://www.calpal.de).Google Scholar
Wiersma, A.P. Renssen, H. 2006, Model–data comparison for the 8.2 ka BP event: confirmation of a forcing mechanism by catastrophic drainage of Laurentide Lakes. Quaternary Science Reviews 25, 63–88.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zanchetta, G. Drysdale, R.N. Hellstrom, J.C. Fallick, A.E. Isola, I. Gagan, M.K. Pareschi, M.T. 2007, Enhanced rainfall in the Western Mediterranean during deposition of sapropel S1: stalagmite evidence from Corchia cave (Central Italy). Quaternary Science Reviews 26, 279–286.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zapata, L. Peña-Chocarro, L. Pérez, G. Stika, H.P. 2004, Early Neolithic agriculture in the Iberian Peninsula. Journal of World Prehistory 18, 283–325.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zhornyak, L.V. Zanchetta, G. Drysdale, R.N. Hellstrom, J.C. Isola, I. Regattieri, E. Piccini, L. Baneschi, I. Couchoud, I. 2011, Stratigraphic evidence for a “pluvial phase” between 8200–7100 ka from Renella cave (Central Italy). Quaternary Science Reviews 30, 409–417.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zilhão, J. 1993, The spread of agro-pastoral economies across Mediterranean Europe: a view from the Far West. Journal of Mediterranean Archaeology 6, 5–63.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zilhão, J. 2001, Radiocarbon evidence for maritime pioneer colonization at the origins of farming in west Mediterranean Europe. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America USA 98, 14180–14185.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed