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Holocene Key-Marker Tephra Layers in Kamchatka, Russia

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Olga A. Braitseva ,
Vera V. Ponomareva ,
Leopold D. Sulerzhitsky ,
Ivan V. Melekestsev  and
John Bailey
Olga A. Braitseva
Affiliation:
Institute of Volcanic Geology and Geochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Piip Blvd. 9, Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, 683006, Russia
Vera V. Ponomareva
Affiliation:
Institute of Volcanic Geology and Geochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Piip Blvd. 9, Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, 683006, Russia
Leopold D. Sulerzhitsky
Affiliation:
Geological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pyzhevsky per. 7, Moscow, 109017, Russia
Ivan V. Melekestsev
Affiliation:
Institute of Volcanic Geology and Geochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Piip Blvd. 9, Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, 683006, Russia
John Bailey
Affiliation:
Division for Petrology, Geology Institute, Copenhagen University, Oster Voldgade 10, 1350, Copenhagen K, Denmark
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Abstract

Detailed tephrochronological studies in Kamchatka Peninsula, Russia, permitted documentation of 24 Holocene key-marker tephra layers related to the largest explosive eruptions from 11 volcanic centers. Each layer was traced for tens to hundreds of kilometers away from the source volcano; its stratigraphic position, area of dispersal, age, characteristic features of grain-size distribution, and chemical and mineral composition confirmed its identification. The most important marker tephra horizons covering a large part of the peninsula are (from north to south; ages given in14C yr B.P.) SH2(≈1000 yr B.P.) and SH3(≈1400 yr B.P.) from Shiveluch volcano; KZ (≈7500 yr B.P.) from Kizimen volcano; KRM (≈7900 yr B.P.) from Karymsky caldera; KHG (≈7000 yr B.P.) from Khangar volcano; AV1(≈3500 yr B.P.), AV2(≈4000 yr B.P.), AV4(≈5500 yr B.P.), and AV5(≈5600 yr B.P.) from Avachinsky volcano; OP (≈1500 yr B.P.) from the Baraniy Amfiteatr crater at Opala volcano; KHD (≈2800 yr B.P.) from the “maar” at Khodutka volcano; KS1(≈1800 yr B.P.) and KS2(≈6000 yr B.P.) from the Ksudach calderas; KSht3(A.D. 1907) from Shtyubel cone in Ksudach volcanic massif; and KO (≈7700 yr B.P.) from the Kuril Lake-Iliinsky caldera. Tephra layers SH5(≈2600 yr B.P.) from Shiveluch volcano, AV3(≈4500 yr B.P.) from Avachinsky volcano, OPtr(≈4600 yr B.P.) from Opala volcano, KS3(≈6100 yr B.P.) and KS4(≈8800 yr B.P.) from Ksudach calderas, KSht1(≈1100 yr B.P.) from Shtyubel cone, and ZLT (≈4600 yr B.P.) from Iliinsky volcano cover smaller areas and have local stratigraphic value, as do the ash layers from the historically recorded eruptions of Shiveluch (SH1964) and Bezymianny (B1956) volcanoes. The dated tephra layers provide a record of the most voluminous explosive events in Kamchatka during the Holocene and form a tephrochronological timescale for dating and correlating various deposits.

Type
Original Articles
Information
Quaternary Research , Volume 47 , Issue 2 , March 1997 , pp. 125 - 139
Copyright
University of Washington

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