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Evidence of paleoecological changes and Mousterian occupations at the Galería de las Estatuas site, Sierra de Atapuerca, northern Iberian plateau, Spain

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  30 August 2017

Juan Luis Arsuaga ,
Asier Gómez-Olivencia ,
Nohemi Sala ,
Virginia Martínez-Pillado ,
Adrián Pablos ,
Alejandro Bonmatí ,
Ana Pantoja-Pérez ,
Jaime Lira-Garrido ,
Almudena Alcázar de Velasco  and
Ana Isabel Ortega
...Show all authors
Juan Luis Arsuaga
Affiliation:
Departamento de Paleontología, Facultad de Ciencias Geológicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Avda. Complutense s/n, Madrid 28040, Spain Centro UCM-ISCIII de Investigación sobre Evolución y Comportamiento Humanos, Avda. Monforte de Lemos 5 (Pabellón 14), Madrid 28029, Spain
Asier Gómez-Olivencia*
Affiliation:
Centro UCM-ISCIII de Investigación sobre Evolución y Comportamiento Humanos, Avda. Monforte de Lemos 5 (Pabellón 14), Madrid 28029, Spain Departamento de Estratigrafía y Paleontología, Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea, UPV-EHU, Apdo. 644, Bilbao 48080, Spain IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, María Díaz de Haro, 3. 48013 Bilbao, Spain. Équipe de Paléontologie Humaine, UMR 7194, Centre National de la Research Scientifique, Département de Préhistoire, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Musée de l’Homme, 17 Place du Trocadéro, Paris 75016, France
Nohemi Sala
Affiliation:
Centro UCM-ISCIII de Investigación sobre Evolución y Comportamiento Humanos, Avda. Monforte de Lemos 5 (Pabellón 14), Madrid 28029, Spain Grupo de Bioacústica y Paleoantropología. Área de Antropología Física, Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad de Alcalá, 28871 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
Virginia Martínez-Pillado
Affiliation:
Departamento Mineralogía y Petrología, Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea, UPV-EHU, Apdo. 644, Bilbao 48080, Spain Geo-Q ARANZADI, Caserio Kortesanebarri, Barrio Mendibile, 48940 Leioa (Bizkaia)
Adrián Pablos
Affiliation:
Centro UCM-ISCIII de Investigación sobre Evolución y Comportamiento Humanos, Avda. Monforte de Lemos 5 (Pabellón 14), Madrid 28029, Spain Grupo de Bioacústica y Paleoantropología. Área de Antropología Física, Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad de Alcalá, 28871 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain Centro Nacional de Investigación sobre la Evolución Humana (CENIEH), Paseo Sierra de Atapuerca 3, Burgos 09002, Spain
Alejandro Bonmatí
Affiliation:
Departamento de Paleontología, Facultad de Ciencias Geológicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Avda. Complutense s/n, Madrid 28040, Spain Centro UCM-ISCIII de Investigación sobre Evolución y Comportamiento Humanos, Avda. Monforte de Lemos 5 (Pabellón 14), Madrid 28029, Spain
Ana Pantoja-Pérez
Affiliation:
Centro UCM-ISCIII de Investigación sobre Evolución y Comportamiento Humanos, Avda. Monforte de Lemos 5 (Pabellón 14), Madrid 28029, Spain
Jaime Lira-Garrido
Affiliation:
Departamento de Paleontología, Facultad de Ciencias Geológicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Avda. Complutense s/n, Madrid 28040, Spain Centro UCM-ISCIII de Investigación sobre Evolución y Comportamiento Humanos, Avda. Monforte de Lemos 5 (Pabellón 14), Madrid 28029, Spain
Almudena Alcázar de Velasco
Affiliation:
Centro UCM-ISCIII de Investigación sobre Evolución y Comportamiento Humanos, Avda. Monforte de Lemos 5 (Pabellón 14), Madrid 28029, Spain
Ana Isabel Ortega
Affiliation:
Centro Nacional de Investigación sobre la Evolución Humana (CENIEH), Paseo Sierra de Atapuerca 3, Burgos 09002, Spain
Gloria Cuenca-Bescós
Affiliation:
Aragosaurus-IUCA, Departamento de Ciencias de la Tierra, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Zaragoza, C/Pedro Cerbuna, 12, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
Nuria García
Affiliation:
Departamento de Paleontología, Facultad de Ciencias Geológicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Avda. Complutense s/n, Madrid 28040, Spain Centro UCM-ISCIII de Investigación sobre Evolución y Comportamiento Humanos, Avda. Monforte de Lemos 5 (Pabellón 14), Madrid 28029, Spain
Arantza Aranburu
Affiliation:
Departamento Mineralogía y Petrología, Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea, UPV-EHU, Apdo. 644, Bilbao 48080, Spain Geo-Q ARANZADI, Caserio Kortesanebarri, Barrio Mendibile, 48940 Leioa (Bizkaia)
Blanca Ruiz-Zapata
Affiliation:
Departamento de Geología, Geografía y Medio Ambiente Ed. Ciencias, Universidad de Alcalá de Henares, Alcalá de Henares 28871, Spain
María José Gil-García
Affiliation:
Departamento de Geología, Geografía y Medio Ambiente Ed. Ciencias, Universidad de Alcalá de Henares, Alcalá de Henares 28871, Spain
Xosé Pedro Rodríguez-Álvarez
Affiliation:
Àrea de Prehistòria, Departamento d’Història i Història de l’Art, Universidad Rovira i Virgili, Av. Catalunya, 35, Tarragona 43002, Spain Institut Català de Paleoecologia Humana i Evolució Social, Zona Educacional 4, Campus Sescelades URV (Edif. W3), Tarragona 43007, Spain
Andreu Ollé
Affiliation:
Àrea de Prehistòria, Departamento d’Història i Història de l’Art, Universidad Rovira i Virgili, Av. Catalunya, 35, Tarragona 43002, Spain Institut Català de Paleoecologia Humana i Evolució Social, Zona Educacional 4, Campus Sescelades URV (Edif. W3), Tarragona 43007, Spain
Marina Mosquera
Affiliation:
Àrea de Prehistòria, Departamento d’Història i Història de l’Art, Universidad Rovira i Virgili, Av. Catalunya, 35, Tarragona 43002, Spain Institut Català de Paleoecologia Humana i Evolució Social, Zona Educacional 4, Campus Sescelades URV (Edif. W3), Tarragona 43007, Spain
*
*Corresponding author at: Departamento de Estratigrafía y Paleontología, Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea, UPV-EHU, Apdo. 644, 48080 Bilbao, Spain. E-mail address: [email protected] (A. Gómez-Olivencia).
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Abstract

Here we present a new site in the Sierra de Atapuerca (Burgos, Spain): Galería de las Estatuas (GE), which provides new information about Mousterian occupations in the Iberian Plateau. The GE was an ancient entrance to the cave system, which is currently closed and sealed by a stalagmitic crust, below which a detritic sedimentary sequence of more than 2 m is found. This has been divided into five litostratigraphic units with a rich assemblage of faunal and lithic remains of clear Mousterian affinity. Radiocarbon dates provide minimum ages and suggest occupations older than 45 14C ka BP. The palynological analysis detected a landscape change to increased tree coverage, which suggests that the sequence recorded a warming episode. The macromammal assemblage is composed of both ungulates (mainly red deer and equids) and carnivores. Taphonomic analysis reveals both anthropic, and to a lesser extent, carnivore activities. The GE was occupied by Neanderthals and also sporadically by carnivores. This new site broadens the information available regarding different human occupations at the Sierra de Atapuerca, which emphasizes the importance of this site-complex for understanding human evolution in Western Europe.

Keywords

Middle PaleolithicNeanderthalIberian PeninsulaLate Pleistocene
Type
Research Article
Information
Quaternary Research , Volume 88 , Issue 2 , September 2017 , pp. 345 - 367
Copyright
Copyright © University of Washington. Published by Cambridge University Press, 2017 

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