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Contribution of small mammal taphonomy to the last Neanderthal occupations at the El Salt site (Alcoi, southeastern Spain)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  06 April 2021

María Dolores Marin-Monfort Open the ORCID record for María Dolores Marin-Monfort [Opens in a new window] ,
Ana Fagoaga ,
Sara García-Morato ,
Francisco Javier Ruíz Sánchez ,
Carolina Mallol ,
Cristo Hernández ,
Bertila Galván  and
Yolanda Fernández-Jalvo
María Dolores Marin-Monfort*
Affiliation:
Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (CSIC), José Gutiérrez Abascal, 2, 28006Madrid, Spain. Paleontology of Cenozoic Vertebrates Research Group (PVC-GIUV), Departament de Botànica i Geologia, Universitat de València, Dr. Moliner, 50, 46100, Valencia, Spain.
Ana Fagoaga
Affiliation:
Paleontology of Cenozoic Vertebrates Research Group (PVC-GIUV), Departament de Botànica i Geologia, Universitat de València, Dr. Moliner, 50, 46100, Valencia, Spain. Museu Valencià d'Història Natural, L'Hort de Feliu, P.O. Box 8460 Alginet, Valencia, Spain, 46018.
Sara García-Morato
Affiliation:
Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (CSIC), José Gutiérrez Abascal, 2, 28006Madrid, Spain. Facultad de Ciencias Geológicas, Departamento de Geodinámica, Estratigrafía y Paleontología, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, C/ José Antonio Novais 12, 28040Madrid, Spain.
Francisco Javier Ruíz Sánchez
Affiliation:
Paleontology of Cenozoic Vertebrates Research Group (PVC-GIUV), Departament de Botànica i Geologia, Universitat de València, Dr. Moliner, 50, 46100, Valencia, Spain. Museu Valencià d'Història Natural, L'Hort de Feliu, P.O. Box 8460 Alginet, Valencia, Spain, 46018. INCYT-UPSE, Universidad Estatal Península de Santa Elena, 7047, Santa Elena, Ecuador.
Carolina Mallol
Affiliation:
Departamento de Geografía e Historia, Facultad de Humanidades, Universidad de La Laguna, Campus Guajara, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain. Grupo de Investigación Sociedades Cazadoras-Recolectoras Paleolíticas, Universidad de La Laguna, Spain. Instituto Universitario de Bio-Organica Antonio Gonzalez (IUBO), Universidad de La Laguna, 38206, Canary Islands, Spain Área de Conocimiento de Prehistoria; Unidad de Docencia e Investigación de Prehistoria, Arqueología e Historia Antigua; Departamento de Geografía e Historia; Facultad de Humanidades, Universidad de La Laguna, Guajara campus, 38071 San Cristóbal de la Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
Cristo Hernández
Affiliation:
Departamento de Geografía e Historia, Facultad de Humanidades, Universidad de La Laguna, Campus Guajara, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain. Grupo de Investigación Sociedades Cazadoras-Recolectoras Paleolíticas, Universidad de La Laguna, Spain. Área de Didáctica de las Ciencias Sociales; Departamento de Didácticas Específicas. Facultad de Educación, Universidad de La Laguna, Edificio Central campus, 38200 San Cristóbal de la Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
Bertila Galván
Affiliation:
Departamento de Geografía e Historia, Facultad de Humanidades, Universidad de La Laguna, Campus Guajara, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain. Grupo de Investigación Sociedades Cazadoras-Recolectoras Paleolíticas, Universidad de La Laguna, Spain. Área de Conocimiento de Prehistoria; Unidad de Docencia e Investigación de Prehistoria, Arqueología e Historia Antigua; Departamento de Geografía e Historia; Facultad de Humanidades, Universidad de La Laguna, Guajara campus, 38071 San Cristóbal de la Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
Yolanda Fernández-Jalvo
Affiliation:
Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (CSIC), José Gutiérrez Abascal, 2, 28006Madrid, Spain.
*
*Corresponding author email addresses: <[email protected]>, <[email protected]>
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Abstract

The El Salt site (Alcoi, Alicante, Spain) is one of the latest Neanderthal sites in the south-eastern Iberian Peninsula. The disappearance of this human group is controversial and needs detailed studies from different research areas. Taphonomy is essential to establish how representative is a fossil assemblage of the past living organisms that produced it and to interpret the formation process of the fossil site. In the case of El Salt, we have analyzed the micromammal assemblages of Units X and V, which contain fossils of Neanderthals and/or evidence of their activity. In contrast with previous identifications of the little owl (Athene noctua), our detailed taphonomic study shown here allows us to conclude that the main predator involved in the production of the micromammal assemblages was the European eagle owl (Bubo bubo). This is an opportunistic predator whose feeding preferences and behavior reflect the abundance of local micromammalian species, which can therefore provide a representation of past ecosystems near El Salt. The taphonomic information provided by this study also indicates the absence of transport and reworking processes, and reinforces previous paleoecological interpretations, suggesting an increase of aridity at the top of El Salt sequence that coincided with the local disappearance of Neanderthals.

Keywords

Small mammalsSite formationPleistoceneNeanderthalsEastern Spain
Type
Research Article
Information
Quaternary Research , Volume 103 , September 2021 , pp. 208 - 224
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Copyright © University of Washington. Published by Cambridge University Press, 2021

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