Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-t7czq Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-29T18:20:26.326Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Chlorine-36 and 14C chronology support a limited last glacial maximum across central Chukotka, northeastern Siberia, and no Beringian ice sheet

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Julie Brigham-Grette ,
Lyn M. Gualtieri ,
Olga Yu Glushkova ,
Thomas D. Hamilton ,
David Mostoller  and
Anatoly Kotov
Julie Brigham-Grette*
Affiliation:
Department of Geosciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
Lyn M. Gualtieri
Affiliation:
Quaternary Research Center, Box 351360, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-1360, USA
Olga Yu Glushkova
Affiliation:
Northeast Interdisciplinary Research Institute, Far Eastern Branch Russian Academy of Sciences, 16 Portovaya St., Magadan 685000 Russia
Thomas D. Hamilton
Affiliation:
U.S. Geological Survey, 4200 University Drive, Anchorage, AK 99508, USA
David Mostoller
Affiliation:
Weston & Sampson Engineers, Inc., 195 Hanover Street, Suite 28, Portsmouth, NH 03801, USA
Anatoly Kotov
Affiliation:
Chukotka Science Center, Anadyr, Chukotka Region, Russia
*
*Corresponding author. Email Address:[email protected]
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

The Pekulney Mountains and adjacent Tanyurer River valley are key regions for examining the nature of glaciation across much of northeast Russia. Twelve new cosmogenic isotope ages and 14 new radiocarbon ages in concert with morphometric analyses and terrace stratigraphy constrain the timing of glaciation in this region of central Chukotka. The Sartan Glaciation (Last Glacial Maximum) was limited in extent in the Pekulney Mountains and dates to ∼20,000 yr ago. Cosmogenic isotope ages > 30,000 yr as well as non-finite radiocarbon ages imply an estimated age no younger than the Zyryan Glaciation (early Wisconsinan) for large sets of moraines found in the central Tanyurer Valley. Slope angles on these loess-mantled ridges are less than a few degrees and crest widths are an order of magnitude greater than those found on the younger Sartan moraines. The most extensive moraines in the lower Tanyurer Valley are most subdued implying an even older, probable middle Pleistocene age. This research provides direct field evidence against Grosswald’s Beringian ice-sheet hypothesis.

Keywords

Cosmogenic isotopesLast glacial maximumGlacial historyChukotkaArcticBeringia
Type
Articles
Information
Quaternary Research , Volume 59 , Issue 3 , May 2003 , pp. 386 - 398
Copyright
Elsevier Science (USA)

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Anderson, P.M, and Brubaker, L.B Vegetation history of northcentral Alaska; a mapped summary of late-Quaternary pollen data. Quaternary Science Reviews 13, (1994). 71 92.Google Scholar
Arkhipov, S.A, Isaeva, L.L, Bespaly, V.G, and Glushkova, O.Y Glaciation of Siberia and North-East USSR. Quaternary Science Reviews 5, (1986). 463 474.Google Scholar
Bartlein, P.J, Anderson, K.H, Anderson, P.M et al. Paleoclimate simulations for North America over the past 21,000 years. features of the simulated climate and comparisons with paleoenvironmental data. Quaternary Science Reviews 17, (1998). 549 586.Google Scholar
Brigham-Grette, J New perspectives on Beringian Quaternary paleogeography, stratigraphy, and glacial history. Quaternary Science Reviews 20, 1–3 (2001). 15 24.Google Scholar
Brigham-Grette, J, Hopkins, D.M, Ivanov, V.F, Basilyan, A, Benson, S.L, Heiser, P.A, and Pushkar, V Last interglacial (isotope stage 5) glacial and sea level history of coastal Chukotka Peninsula and St. Lawrence Island, western Beringia. Quaternary Science Reviews 20, 1–3 (2001). 419 436.Google Scholar
Briner, J.P, Swanson, T.W, and Caffee, M Late Pleistocene Cosmogenic 36Cl Glacial Chronology of the Southwestern Ahklun Mountains, Alaska. Quaternary Research 56, (2001). 148 154.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Carter, L.D A Pleistocene sand sea on the Alaskan Arctic Coastal Plain. Science 221, (1981). 381 383.Google Scholar
Clark, P.U, Alley, R.B, and Pollard, D Northern Hemisphere ice-sheet influences on global climate change. Science 286, (1999). 1104 1111.Google Scholar
Dunne, A, Elmore, D, and Dep, L A Server-based Code for In-Situ-Produced Nuclides that Incorporates Irregular Geometries. Radiocarbon 38, (1996). 25 Google Scholar
Edwards, M.E, and Barker, E.D Climate and vegetation in northeastern Alaska 18,000 yr B.P.- present. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 109, (1994). 127 135.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Felzer, B Climate impacts of an ice sheet in East Siberia during the Last Glacial Maximum. Quaternary Science Reviews 20, (2001). 437 447.Google Scholar
Glushkova, O.Y Geomorphological correlation of Late Pleistocene glacial complexes of Western and Eastern Beringia. Quaternary Science Reviews 20, (2001). 405 417.Google Scholar
Glushkova, O.Y., (1992). Paleogeography of Late Pleistocene Glaciation of North-Eastern Asia. in: “Proceedings of the International Conference of Arctic Margins”, Russian Academy of Sciences, Far East Branch, Northeast Science Center, Magadan. pp. 339–344.Google Scholar
Glushkova, O.Y Morphology and paleogeography of Late Pleistocene glaciation in the northeastern USSR. Bespaly, V.G “Pleistocene Glaciation of Eastern Asia”. (1984). NEISRI FESC AS of the USSR, Magadan. 28 42. [in Russian] Google Scholar
Glushkova, O.Y.u, and Sedov, P.V Late Quaternary and modern glaciations of the Pekulnei Range. Bespaly, V.G, Akhlamova, A.A et al. “Pleistocene Glaciation of Eastern Asia”. (1984). NEISRI FESC AS of the USSR, Magadan. 131 140. [in Russian] Google Scholar
Gosse, J.C, and Phillips, F.M Terrestrial in situ cosmogenic nuclides. theory and applications. Quaternary Science Reviews 20, (2001). 1475 1560.Google Scholar
Grosswald, M.G Late-Weichselian Ice Sheets in Arctic and Pacific Siberia. Quaternary International 45/46, (1998). 3 18.Google Scholar
Grosswald, M.G An Antarctic-style ice sheet in the Northern Hemisphere. towards new global glacial theory. Polar Geography and Geology 12, (1988). 239 267.Google Scholar
Grosswald, M, and Hughes, T Paleoglaciology’s grand unsolved problem. Journal of Glaciology 41, (1995). 313 332.Google Scholar
Grosswald, M, and Hughes, T The Russian component of an Arctic Ice Sheet during the Last Glacial Maximum. Quaternary Science Reviews 21, (2002). 121 146.Google Scholar
Gualtieri, L, Anderson, P, Brigham-Grette, J, and Vartanyan, S Did Ice Exist on the Chukchi Shelf during the Last Glacial Maximum?. (2001). Geological Society of America Program with Abstracts, Boston, Massachusetts. 441 Google Scholar
Gualtieri, L, Glushkova, O, and Brigham-Grette, J Evidence for restricted ice extent during the last glacial maximum in the Koryak Mountains of Chukotka, far eastern Russia. Geological Society of America Bulletin 112, (2000). 1106 1118.Google Scholar
Hamilton, T.D Late Cenozoic glaciation of Alaska. Plafker, G, and Berg, H.C “The Geology of Alaska”. (1994). Geological Society of America, Geology of North America, Boulder. 813 844.Google Scholar
Harden, J.W A quantitative index of soil development from field descriptions. examples from a chronosequence in central California. Geoderma 28, (1982). 1 28.Google Scholar
Heiser, P, and Roush, J.J Pleistocene glaciations in Chukotka, Russia. moraine mapping using satellite synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imagery. Quaternary Science Reviews 20, (2001). 393 404.Google Scholar
Hopkins, D.M Aspects of the Paleogeography of Beringia during the Late Pleistocene. Matthews, J.V, Schweger, C.E, and Young, S.B “Paleoecology of Beringia”. (1982). Academic Press, New York. 75 94.Google Scholar
Hughes, B.A, and Hughes, T.J Transgressions. rethinking Beringian glaciation. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 110, (1994). 275 294.Google Scholar
Huston, M.M, Brigham-Grette, J, and Hopkins, D.M Paleogeographic significance of middle Pleistocene glaciomarine deposits on Baldwin Peninsula, Northwest Alaska. Annals of Glaciology 14, (1990). 111 114.Google Scholar
Ivanov, V.F. (1986). Quaternary deposits of coastal eastern Chukotka. Vladivostok, Far Eastern Science Center, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, p. 138 [in Russian] Google Scholar
Kaufman, D.S, and Calkin, P.E Morphometric moraine analysis of Pleistocene glacial deposits in the Kigluaik Mountains, Northwestern Alaska. Arctic and Alpine Research 20, (1988). 273 284.Google Scholar
Kaufman, D.S, and Hopkins, D.M Glacial history of the Seward Peninsula. Hamilton, T.D, Reed, K.M, and Thorson, R.M “Glaciation of Alaska”. (1986). Alaska Geological Society, Anchorage. 51 78.Google Scholar
Kotilainen, A.T, and Shackleton, N.J Rapid climate variability in the North Pacific Ocean during the past 95,000 years. Nature 377, (1995). 323 326.Google Scholar
Lal, D Cosmic ray labeling of erosion surfaces. in situ nuclide production rates and erosion rates. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 104, (1991). 424 439.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lozhkin, A.V, Anderson, P.M, Eisner, W.R, Ravako, L.G, Hopkins, D.M, Brubaker, L.B, Colinvaux, P.A, and Miller, M Late Quaternary Lacustrine Pollen Records from Southwestern Beringia. Quaternary Research 39, (1993). 314 324.Google Scholar
Mock, C.J, Bartlein, P.J, and Anderson, P.M Atmospheric circulation patterns and spatial climatic variations in Beringia. International Journal of Climatology 18, (1998). 1085 1104.Google Scholar
Mostoller, D., (1997). “Relative-Age Geochronology of Pleistocene Glaciations, Tanyurer River Valley, Northeastern Russia.”. Unpublished MSc. thesis, University of Massachusetts, Google Scholar
Peck, B.J, Kaufman, D.S, and Calkin, P.E Relative dating of moraines using moraine morphometric and boulder weathering criteria. Kigluaik Mountains. Boreas 19, (1990). 227 239.Google Scholar
Peltier, W.R Ice Age Paleotopography. Science 265, (1994). 195 201.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Phillips, F.M, Leavy, B.D, Jannik, N.O, Elmore, D, and Kubik, P.W The Accumulation of Cosmogenic Chlorine-36 in Rocks. a Method for Surface Exposure Dating. Science 231, (1986). 41 43.Google Scholar
Phillips, F.M, Zreda, M.G, Flinsch, M.R, Elmore, D, and Sharma, P A reevaluation of cosmogenic 36Cl production rates in terrestrial rocks. Geophysical Research Letters 23, (1996). 949 952.Google Scholar
Roof, S. (1995). “Sedimentology, stratigraphy, and paleoclimatic significance of middle Pleistocene marine, glaciomarine, and glacial deposits in the Kotzebue Sound Region, Northwestern Alaska.”. Unpublished PhD. dissertation. University of Massachusetts, Google Scholar
Sancetta, C, Heusser, L, Labeyrie, L, Naidu, A.S, and Robinson, S.W Wisconsin-Holocene Paleoenvironment of the Bering Sea. Evidence from Diatoms, Pollen, Oxygen Isotopes and Clay Minerals. Marine Geology 62, (1985). 55 68.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Siegert, M.J, Dowdeswell, J.A, Hald, M, and Svendsen, J Modelling the Eurasian Ice Sheet through a full (Weichselian) glacial cycle. Global and Planetary Change 31, (2001). 367 385.Google Scholar
Stone, J, Evans, J, Fifield, K, Cresswell, R, and Allan, G Cosmogenic chlorine-36 production rates from calcium and potassium. Radiocarbon 38, (1996). 170 171.Google Scholar
Stone, J.O.H, Evans, J.M, Fifield, L.K, Allan, G.L, and Cresswell, R.G Cosmogenic chlorine-36 production in calcite by muons. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 62, (1998). 433 454.Google Scholar
Stuiver, M, and Reimer, P.J Extended 14C data base and revised Calib 3.0 14C age calibration program. Radiocarbon 35, (1993). 215 230.Google Scholar
Svendsen, J, Astakhov, V, Bolshiyanov, D, Demidov, I, Dowdeswell, J, Gataullin, V, Hjort, C, Hubberton, H, Larsen, E, Mangerud, J, Melles, M, Moeller, P, Saarnisto, M, and Siegert, M Maximum extent of the Eurasian ice sheets in the Barents and Kara Sea region during the Weichselian. Boreas 28, (1999). 234 242.Google Scholar
Swanson, T.W, and Caffee, M.L Determination of 36Cl production rates derived from the well-dated deglaciation surfaces of Whidbey and Fidalgo Islands, Washington. Quaternary Research 56, (2001). 366 382.Google Scholar
Thiede, J, Bauch, H, Hjort, C, and Mangerud, J The late Quaternary stratigraphy and environments of northern Eurasia and the adjacent Arctic seas-new contributions from QUEEN. Global and Planetary Change 31, (2001). vii x.Google Scholar
Vartanyan, S.L, Garutt, V.E, and Sher, A.V Holocene dwarf mammoths from Wrangel Island in the Siberian Arctic. Nature 362, (1993). 337 340.Google Scholar
Velichko, A.A., Wright, H.E., Barnosky, C.W., (1984). Late Quaternary Environments of the Soviet Union. University of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis.Google Scholar
Zreda, M.G, and Phillips, F.M Insights into alpine moraine development from cosmogenic 36Cl buildup dating. Geomorphology 14, (1995). 149 156.Google Scholar
Zreda, M.G, and Phillips, F.M Surface Exposure Dating by Cosmogenic Chlorine-36 Accumulation. Beck, C “Dating in Exposed and Surface Contexts”. (1994). University of New Mexico Press, Albuquerque. 161 183.Google Scholar
Zreda, M.G, Phillips, F.M, Elmore, D, Kubik, P.W, Sharma, P, and Dorn, R.I Cosmogenic chlorine-36 production rates in terrestrial rocks. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 105, (1991). 94 109.CrossRefGoogle Scholar