Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-94fs2 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-03T10:26:05.950Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

A 30,000 yr high-precision eruption history for the andesitic Mt. Taranaki, North Island, New Zealand

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  06 February 2017

Magret Damaschke ,
Shane J. Cronin ,
Katherine A. Holt ,
Mark S. Bebbington  and
Alan G. Hogg
Magret Damaschke*
Affiliation:
Institute of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Private Bag 11222, Palmerston North 4410, New Zealand
Shane J. Cronin
Affiliation:
Institute of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Private Bag 11222, Palmerston North 4410, New Zealand School of Environment, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
Katherine A. Holt
Affiliation:
Institute of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Private Bag 11222, Palmerston North 4410, New Zealand
Mark S. Bebbington
Affiliation:
Institute of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Private Bag 11222, Palmerston North 4410, New Zealand
Alan G. Hogg
Affiliation:
Radiocarbon Dating Laboratory, Waikato University, Private Bag 3105, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand
*
*Corresponding author at: Institute of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Private Bag 11222, Palmerston North 4410, New Zealand. E-mail address: [email protected] (M. Damaschke).
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Tephra layers from 11 sediment cores were examined from a series of closely spaced lake and peat sites, which form an arc around the andesitic stratovolcano Mt. Taranaki, North Island, New Zealand. A new high-resolution composite tephra-deposition record was built, encompassing at least 228 tephra-producing eruptions over the last 30 cal ka BP and providing a basis for understanding variations in magnitude and frequency of explosive volcanism at a typical andesitic volcano. Intersite correlation and geochemical fingerprinting of almost all tephra layers was achieved using electron microprobe–determined titanomagnetite phenocryst and volcanic glass shard compositions, in conjunction with precise age determination of the tephra layers based on continuous down-core radiocarbon dating. Compositional variation within these data allowed the overall eruption record to be divided into six individual tephra sequences. This geochemical/stratigraphic division provides a broad basis for widening correlation to incomplete tephra sequences, with confident correlations to specific, distal Taranaki-derived tephra layers found as far as 270 km from the volcano. Furthermore, this tephrostratigraphical record is one of the most continuous and detailed for an andesitic stratovolcano. It suggests two general patterns of magmatic evolution, characterized by intricate geochemical variations indicating a complex storage and plumbing system beneath the volcano.

Keywords

Mt. TaranakiAndesitic stratovolcanoTephrochronologyTephraStratigraphyTitanomagnetiteVolcanic glass chemistryRadiocarbon datingPeatlandVolcanic hazard
Type
Research Article
Information
Quaternary Research , Volume 87 , Issue 1 , January 2017 , pp. 1 - 23
Copyright
Copyright © University of Washington. Published by Cambridge University Press, 2017 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Alloway, B.V., Lowe, D.J., Chan, R.P.K., Eden, D., Froggatt, P., 1994. Stratigraphy and chronology of the Stent tephra, a c. 4000 year old distal silicic tephra from Taupo Volcanic Centre, New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics 37, 37–47.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Alloway, B.V., McComb, P., Neall, V.E., Vucetich, C.G., Gibb, J., Sherburn, S., Stirling, M., 2005. Stratigraphy, age, and correlation of voluminous debris‐avalanche events from an ancestral Egmont Volcano: implications for coastal plain construction and regional hazard assessment. Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand 35, 229–267.Google Scholar
Alloway, B.V., Neall, V.E., Vucetich, C.G., 1995. Late Quaternary (post 28,000 year B.P.) tephrostratigraphy of northeast and central Taranaki, New Zealand. Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand 25, 385–458.Google Scholar
Alloway, B.V., Stewart, R.B., Neall, V.E., Vucetich, C.G., 1992. Climate of the last glaciation in New Zealand, based on aerosolic quartz influx in an andesitic terrain. Quaternary Research 38, 170–179.Google Scholar
Annen, C., Blundy, J.D., Sparks, R.S., 2006. The genesis of intermediate and silicic magmas in deep crustal hot zones. Journal of Petrology 47, 505–539.Google Scholar
Aomine, S., Wada, K., 1962. Differential weathering of volcanic ash and pumice, resulting in formation of hydrated halloysite. American Mineralogist 47, 1024–1048.Google Scholar
Barrell, D.J., Almond, P.C., Vandergoes, M.J., Lowe, D.J., Newnham, R.M., INTIMATE members, 2013. A composite pollen-based stratotype for inter-regional evaluation of climatic events in New Zealand over the past 30,000 years (NZ-INTIMATE project). Quaternary Science Reviews 74, 4–20.Google Scholar
Best, M.G., 2003. Igneous and Metamorphic Petrology. Blackwell Science, Malden, MA.Google Scholar
Blomqvist, S., 1985. Reliability of core sampling of soft bottom sediment – an in situ study. Sedimentology 32, 605–612.Google Scholar
Blomqvist, S., 1991. Quantitative sampling of soft-bottom sediments: problems and solutions. Marine Ecology Progress Series 72, 295–304.Google Scholar
Blott, S.J., 2010. GRADISTAT Ver. 8.0: A Grain Size Distribution and Statistics Package for the Analysis of Unconsolidated Sediments by Sieving or Laser Granulometer. Kenneth Pye Associates, Solihull, UK.Google Scholar
Bronk Ramsey, C., 2013. OxCal 4.2. Web Interface Build No. 78.Google Scholar
Brook, M.S., Neall, V.E., Stewart, R.B., Dykes, R.C., Birks, D.L., 2011. Recognition and paleoclimatic implications of late-Holocene glaciation on Mt Taranaki, North Island, New Zealand. Holocene 21, 1151–1158.Google Scholar
Buddington, A.F., Lindsley, D.H., 1964. Iron–titanium oxide minerals and synthetic equivalents. Journal of Petrology 5, 310–357.Google Scholar
Carmichael, I.S.E., 1967. Iron-titanium oxides and oxygen fugacities in volcanic rocks. Journal of Geophysical Research 72, 4665–4687.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Clynne, M.A., 1999. A complex magma mixing origin for rocks erupted in 1915, Lassen Peak, California. Journal of Petrology 40, 105–132.Google Scholar
Cronin, S.J., Wallace, R.C., Neall, V.E., 1996. Sourcing and identifying andesitic tephras using major oxide titanomagnetite and hornblende chemistry, Egmont volcano and Tongariro Volcanic Centre, New Zealand. Bulletin of Volcanology 58, 33–40.Google Scholar
Crusius, J., Anderson, R.F., 1991. Core compression and surficial sediment loss of lake sediments of high porosity caused by gravity coring. Limnology and Oceanography 36, 1021–1030.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
deFontaine, C.S., Kaufman, D.S., Anderson, R.S., Werner, A., Waythomas, C.F., Brown, T.A., 2007. Late Quaternary distal tephra-fall deposits in lacustrine sediments, Kenai Peninsula, Alaska. Quaternary Research 68, 64–78.Google Scholar
Devine, J.D., Rutherford, M.J., Norton, G.E., Young, S.R., 2003. Magma storage region processes inferred from geochemistry of Fe–Ti oxides in andesitic magma, Soufriere Hills Volcano, Montserrat, WI. Journal of Petrology 44, 1375–1400.Google Scholar
Drost, F., Renwick, J., Bhaskaran, B., Oliver, H., McGregor, J., 2007. A simulation of New Zealand’s climate during the Last Glacial Maximum. Quaternary Science Reviews 26, 2505–2525.Google Scholar
Fisher, R., Schmincke, H.U., 1984. Pyroclastic Rocks. Springer-Verlag, Berlin.Google Scholar
Franks, A., Neall, V.E., Pollock, J.A., 1991. Soils of Part Eltham County, North Island, New Zealand. Department of Scientific and Industrial Research (DSIR) Land Resources Scientific Report No. 14. DSIR Land Resources, Lower Hutt, New Zealand.Google Scholar
Fritsch, F.N., Carlson, R.E., 1980. Monotone piecewise cubic interpolation. SIAM Journal on Numerical Analysis 17, 238–246.Google Scholar
Frost, B.R., Lindsley, D.H., 1991. Occurrence of iron–titanium oxides in igneous rocks. Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry 25, 433–468.Google Scholar
Gaillard, J.-C., 2006. Traditional societies in the face of natural hazards: the 1991 Mt. Pinatubo eruption and the Aetas of the Philippines. International. Journal of Mass Emergencies and Disasters 24, 5–43.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gamble, J.A., Wood, C.P., Price, R.C., Smith, I.E.M., Stewart, R.B., Waight, T., 1999. A fifty year perspective of magmatic evolution on Ruapehu Volcano, New Zealand: verification of open system behaviour in an arc volcano. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 170, 301–314.Google Scholar
Gertisser, R., Keller, J., 2003. Temporal variations in magma composition at Merapi Volcano (Central Java, Indonesia): magmatic cycles during the past 2000 years of explosive activity. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research 123, 1–23.Google Scholar
Ghiorso, M.S., Sack, R.O., 1991. Thermochemistry of the oxide minerals. Reviews in Mineralogy 25, 222–264.Google Scholar
Green, J.D., Lowe, D.J., 1985. Stratigraphy and development of c. 17,000 year old Lake Maratoto, North Island, New Zealand, with some inferences about postglacial climatic change. New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics 28, 675–699.Google Scholar
Green, R.M., Bebbington, M.S., Cronin, S.J., Jones, G., 2014. Automated statistical matching of multiple tephra records exemplified using five long maar sequences younger than 75 ka, Auckland, New Zealand. Quaternary Research 82, 405–419.Google Scholar
Hill, R., Roeder, P., 1974. The crystallization of spinel from basaltic liquid as a function of oxygen fugacity. Journal of Geology 82, 709–729.Google Scholar
Hogg, A.G., Hua, Q., Blackwell, P.G., Niu, M., Buck, C.E., Guilderson, T.P., Heaton, T.J., et al., 2013. SHCal13 Southern Hemisphere calibration, 0–50,000 years cal BP. Radiocarbon 55, 1889–1903.Google Scholar
Jackson, M.D., Cheadle, M.J., Atherton, M.P., 2003. Quantitative modeling of granitic melt generation and segregation in the continental crust. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth 108, 2332.Google Scholar
Jenny, H., 1994. Factors of Soil Formation: A System of Quantitative Pedology. Dover, New York.Google Scholar
Kohn, B.P., 1970. Identification of New Zealand tephra-layers by emission spectrographic analysis of their titanomagnetites. Lithos 3, 361–368.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kohn, B.P., Neall, V.E., 1973. Identification of late Quaternary tephras for dating Taranaki lahar deposits. New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics 16, 781–792.Google Scholar
Lebel, J., Silverberg, N., Sundby, B., 1982. Gravity core shortening and pore water chemical gradients. Deep-Sea Research, Part A: Oceanographic Research Papers 29, 1365–1372.Google Scholar
Lees, C.M., Neall, V.E., 1993. Vegetation response to volcanic eruptions on Egmont Volcano, New Zealand, during the last 1500 years. Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand 23, 91–127.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lowe, D.J., 1988a. Late Quaternary volcanism in New Zealand: towards an integrated record using distal airfall tephras in lakes and bogs. Journal of Quaternary Science 3, 111–120.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lowe, D.J., 1988b. Stratigraphy, age, composition, and correlation of late Quaternary tephras interbedded with organic sediments in Waikato lakes, North Island, New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics 31, 125–165.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lowe, D.J., 2011. Tephrochronology and its application: a review. Quaternary Geochronology 6, 107–153.Google Scholar
Lowe, D.J., Blaauw, M., Hogg, A.G., Newnham, R.M., 2013. Ages of 24 widespread tephras erupted since 30,000 years ago in New Zealand, with re-evaluation of the timing and palaeoclimatic implications of the Lateglacial cool episode at Kaipo bog. Quaternary Science Reviews 74, 170–194.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lowe, D.J., Newnham, R.M., Ward, C.M., 1999. Stratigraphy and chronology of a 15 ka sequence of multi-sourced silicic tephras in a montane peat bog, eastern North Island, New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics 42, 565–579.Google Scholar
Lowe, D.J., Shane, P.A.R., Alloway, B.V., Newnham, R.M., 2008. Fingerprints and age models for widespread New Zealand tephra marker beds erupted since 30,000 years ago: a framework for NZ-INTIMATE. Quaternary Science Reviews 27, 95–126.Google Scholar
Lowe, D.J., Tonkin, P.J., Palmer, J., Lanigan, K., Palmer, A.S., 2015. Dusty horizons. In: Graham, I. (Ed.). A Continent on the Move: New Zealand Geoscience Revealed. 2nd ed. Geoscience Society of New Zealand Miscellaneous Publication 141. Geoscience Society of New Zealand with GNS Science, Wellington, pp. 286–289.Google Scholar
Marcaida, M., Mangan, M.T., Vazquez, J.A., Bursik, M., Lidzbarski, M.I., 2014. Geochemical fingerprinting of Wilson Creek formation tephra layers (Mono Basin, California) using titanomagnetite compositions. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research 273, 1–4.Google Scholar
Mayewski, P.A., Rohling, E.E., Stager, J.C., Karlén, W., Maasch, K.A., Meeker, L.D., Meyerson, E.A., et al., 2004. Holocene climate variability. Quaternary Research 62, 243–255.Google Scholar
McGlone, M.S., Howorth, R., Pullar, W.A., 1984. Late Pleistocene stratigraphy, vegetation and climate of the Bay of Plenty and Gisborne regions, New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics 27, 327–350.Google Scholar
McGlone, M.S., Neall, V.E., 1994. The late Pleistocene and Holocene vegetation history of Taranaki, North Island, New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Botany 3, 251–269.Google Scholar
Molloy, C., Shane, P., Augustinus, P., 2009. Eruption recurrence rates in a basaltic volcanic field based on tephra layers in maar sediments: implications for hazards in the Auckland volcanic field. Geological Society of America Bulletin 121, 1666–1677.Google Scholar
Morton, R.A., White, W.A., 1997. Characteristics of and corrections for core shortening in unconsolidated sediments. Journal of Coastal Research 13, 761–769.Google Scholar
Neall, V.E., 1972. Tephrochronology and tephrostratigraphy of western Taranaki (N108-109), New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics 15, 507–557.Google Scholar
Neall, V.E., 1979. Sheets P19, P20 and P2l New Plymouth, Egmont and Manaia, Geological Map of New Zealand 1:50,000. New Zealand Department of Science and Industrial Research, Wellington.Google Scholar
Neall, V.E., Alloway, B.E., 2004. Quaternary Geological Map of Taranaki. Soil and Earth Sciences Occasional Publication No. 4. Institute of Natural Resources, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand.Google Scholar
Newnham, R.M., 1990. Late Quaternary Palynological Investigations into the History of Vegetation and Climate in Northern New Zealand. PhD dissertation, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.Google Scholar
Newnham, R.M., Lowe, D.J., Green, J.D., 1989. Palynology, vegetation and climate of the Waikato lowlands, North Island, New Zealand, since c. 18,000 years ago. Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand 19, 127–150.Google Scholar
Parker, W.R., Sills, G.C., 1990. Observation of corer penetration and sample entry during gravity coring. In Hailwood, E.A., Kidd, R.B. (Eds.), Marine Geological Surveying and Sampling. Springer, Dordrecht, the Netherlands, pp. 101–107.Google Scholar
Payne, R.J., Gehrels, M.J., 2010. The formation of tephra layers in peatlands: an experimental approach. Catena 81, 12–23.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pillans, B.J., 1988. Loess chronology in Wanganui Basin, New Zealand. In: Eden, D.N., Furkert, R.J. (Eds.), Loess: Its Distribution, Geology and Soils. A.A. Balkema, Rotterdam, the Netherlands, pp. 175–193.Google Scholar
Platz, T., Cronin, S.J., Cashman, K.V., Stewart, R.B., Smith, I.E.M., 2007. Transition from effusive to explosive phases in andesite eruptions—a case-study from the AD 1655 eruption of Mt. Taranaki, New Zealand. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research 161, 15–34.Google Scholar
Platz, T., Cronin, S.J., Procter, J.N., Neall, V.E., Foley, S.F., 2012. Non-explosive dome-forming eruptions at Mt. Taranaki, New Zealand. Geomorphology 136, 15–30.Google Scholar
Price, R.C., Gamble, J.A., Smith, I.E.M., Stewart, R.B., Eggins, S., Wright, I.C., 2005. An integrated model for the temporal evolution of andesites and rhyolites and crustal development in New Zealand’s North Island. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research 140, 1–24.Google Scholar
Price, R.C., Stewart, R.B., Woodhead, J.D., Smith, I.E.M., 1999. Petrogenesis of high-K arc magmas: evidence from Egmont Volcano, North Island, New Zealand. Journal of Petrology 40, 167–197.Google Scholar
Procter, J.N., Cronin, S.J., Platz, T., Patra, A., Dalbey, K., Sheridan, M., Neall, V.E., 2010. Mapping block-and-ash flow hazards based on Titan 2D simulations: a case study from Mt. Taranaki, NZ. Natural Hazards 53, 483–501.Google Scholar
Salinger, M.J., 1984. New Zealand climate: the last 5 million years. In: Vogel, J.C. (Ed.), Late Cainozoic Palaeoclimates of the Southern Hemisphere. A.A. Balkema, Rotterdam, the Netherlands, pp. 131–150.Google Scholar
Sandiford, A., Alloway, B., Shane, P., 2001. A 28 000–6600 cal yr record of local and distal volcanism preserved in a palaeolake, Auckland, New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics 44, 323–336.Google Scholar
Shane, P., 1998. Correlation of rhyolitic pyroclastic eruptive units from the Taupo volcanic zone by Fe–Ti oxide compositional data. Bulletin of Volcanology 60, 224–238.Google Scholar
Shane, P., 2005. Towards a comprehensive distal andesitic tephrostratigraphic framework for New Zealand based on eruptions from Egmont volcano. Journal of Quaternary Science 20, 45–57.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shane, P., Hoverd, J., 2002. Distal record of multi-sourced tephra in Onepoto Basin, Auckland, New Zealand: implications for volcanic chronology, frequency, and hazards. Bulletin of Volcanology 64, 441–454.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Skinner, L.C., McCave, I.N., 2003. Analysis and modelling of gravity-and piston coring based on soil mechanics. Marine Geology 199, 181–204.Google Scholar
Stewart, R.B., Neall, V.E., 1984. Chronology of palaeoclimatic change at the end of the last glaciation. Nature 311, 47–48.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stewart, R.B., Price, R.C., Smith, I.E., 1996. Evolution of high-K arc magma, Egmont volcano, Taranaki, New Zealand: evidence from mineral chemistry. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research 74, 275–295.Google Scholar
Taranaki Catchment Commission. 1980. Lake Rotokare Water Management Plan. Unpublished report. Taranaki Catchment Commission, Stratford, New Zealand.Google Scholar
Tinkler, R.J., 2013. A High Resolution Record of Late Quaternary Climatic and Environmental Change in Taranaki, New Zealand. PhD dissertation, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand.Google Scholar
Tomiya, A., Takahashi, E., 2005. Evolution of the magma chamber beneath Usu Volcano since 1663: a natural laboratory for observing changing phenocryst compositions and textures. Journal of Petrology 46, 2395–2426.Google Scholar
Toplis, M.J., Carroll, M.R., 1995. An experimental study of the influence of oxygen fugacity on Fe–Ti oxide stability, phase relations, and mineral-melt equilibria in ferro-basaltic systems. Journal of Petrology 36, 1137–1170.Google Scholar
Torres-Orozco, R., Cronin, S.J., Pardo, N., Palmer, A.S., 2016. New insights into Holocene eruption episodes from proximal deposit sequences at Mt. Taranaki (Egmont), New Zealand. Bulletin of Volcanology doi:10.1007/s00445-016-1085-5.Google Scholar
Turner, M.B., 2008. Eruption Cycles and Magmatic Processes at a Reawakening Volcano, Taranaki, New Zealand. PhD dissertation, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand.Google Scholar
Turner, M.B., Bebbington, M.S., Cronin, S.J., Stewart, R.B., 2009. Merging eruption datasets: towards an integrated Holocene eruptive record of Mount Taranaki, New Zealand. Bulletin of Volcanology 71, 903–918.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Turner, M.B, Cronin, S.J., Bebbington, M.S., Platz, T., 2008a. Developing a probabilistic eruption forecast for dormant volcanos; a case study from Mt Taranaki, New Zealand. Bulletin of Volcanology 70, 507–515.Google Scholar
Turner, M.B., Cronin, S.J., Bebbington, M.S., Smith, I.E.M., Stewart, R.B., 2011a. Integrating records of explosive and effusive activity from proximal and distal sequences: Mt. Taranaki, New Zealand. Quaternary International 246, 364–373.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Turner, M.B., Cronin, S.J., Bebbington, M.S., Smith, I.E.M., Stewart, R.B., 2011b. Relating magma composition with eruption variability at andesitic volcanoes. A case study from Mount Taranaki, New Zealand. Geological Society of America Bulletin 123, 2005–2015.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Turner, M.B., Cronin, S.J., Smith, I.E.M., Bebbington, M.S., Stewart, R.B., 2008b. Using titanomagnetite textures to elucidate volcanic eruption histories. Geology 36, 31–34.Google Scholar
Turner, M.B., Cronin, S.J., Smith, I.E.M., Stewart, R.B., Neall, V.E., 2008c. Eruption episodes and magma recharge events in andesitic systems, Mt Taranaki, New Zealand. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research 177, 1063–1076.Google Scholar
Turner, R., Moore, S., Pardo, N., Kereszturi, G., Uddstrom, M., Hurst, T., Cronin, S., 2014. The use of Numerical Weather Prediction and a Lagrangian transport (NAME-III) and dispersion (ASHFALL) models to explain patterns of observed ash deposition and dispersion following the August 2012 Te Maari, New Zealand eruption. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research 286, 437–451.Google Scholar
Vandergoes, M.J., Hogg, A.G., Lowe, D.J., Newnham, R.M., Denton, G.H., Southon, J., Barrell, D.J., et al., 2013. A revised age for the Kawakawa/Oruanui tephra, a key marker for the Last Glacial Maximum in New Zealand. Quaternary Science Reviews 74, 195–201.Google Scholar
Wallace, R.C., 1987. Mineralogy of the Tokomaru Silt Loam and the Occurrence of Cristobalite and Tridymite in Selected North Island Soils. PhD dissertation, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand.Google Scholar
Watson, E.J., Swindles, G.T., Lawson, I.T., Savov, I.P., 2016. Do peatlands or lakes provide the most comprehensive distal tephra records? Quaternary Science Reviews 139, 110–128.Google Scholar
Zernack, A.V., Cronin, S.J., Neall, V.E., Procter, J.N., 2011. A medial to distal volcaniclastic record of an andesite stratovolcano: detailed stratigraphy of the ring-plain succession of south-west Taranaki, New Zealand. International Journal of Earth Sciences 100, 1936–1966.Google Scholar
Zernack, A.V., Price, R.C., Smith, I.E.M., Cronin, S.J., Stewart, R.B., 2012. Temporal evolution of a high-K andesitic magmatic system: Taranaki Volcano, New Zealand. Journal of Petrology 53, 325–363.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Supplementary material: File

Damaschke supplementary material S1

Supplementary Tables

Download Damaschke supplementary material S1(File)
File 21.7 KB
Supplementary material: File

Damaschke supplementary material S2

Supplementary Table

Download Damaschke supplementary material S2(File)
File 120.6 KB
Supplementary material: File

Damaschke supplementary material S3

Supplementary Table

Download Damaschke supplementary material S3(File)
File 60.8 KB