Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-dh8gc Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-10T01:20:36.201Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

The technique of thermal measurements in excitable tissues

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  17 March 2009

J. V. Howarth
Affiliation:
The Marine Biological Association, Plymouth

Extract

The first recorded measurements of temperature changes in a muscle during contraction were made more than 120 years ago by means of a series of thermocouples connected to a galvanometer. The technique is the same today. In principle it is that of the adiabatic isoperibol calorimeter (Wadsö, 1970); heat generated by the system under study is shared with a thermal transducer, the electrical output of which is a measure of the consequent change of temperature and may be displayed by one of several devices. Most exponents in this field have to rely on home-produced assemblies and it is the intention of this article to consider the practical details of the separate components and, where possible, to discuss some of the various innovations which different workers have brought to the technique.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1970

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Abbott, B. C., Aubert, X. M. & Hill, A. V. (1951). Absorption of work by a muscle stretched during a single twitch or a short tetanus. Proc. Roy. Soc. Lond. B, 139, 86104.Google ScholarPubMed
Abbott, B. C., Hill, A. V. & Howarth, J. V. (1958). The positive and negative heat associated with a nerve impulse. Proc. Roy. Soc. Lond. B 148, 149187.Google Scholar
Aubert, X. M. & Keynes, R. D. (1968). The temperature changes during and after the discharge of the electric organ in Electrophorus electricus. Proc. Roy. Soc. Lond. B 169, 241263.Google Scholar
Bozler, E. (1930). The heat production of smooth muscle. J. Physiol., Lond. 69, 442462.Google Scholar
Downing, A. C. & Hill, A. V. (1929). A new thermopile for the measurement of nerve heat production. Proc. Roy. Soc. Lond. B 105, 147152.Google Scholar
Fales, J. T., Crawford, W. J. & Zierler, K. L. (1967). Gradient layer calorimetry of muscle: Relation between length, twitch tension and heat. Am. J. Physiol. 213, 14271432.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Feng, T. P. (1932). The thermoelastic properties of muscle. J. Physiol., Lond. 74. 455470.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fraser, A. (1970). Transient heat production in the isometric twitch at 15 °C. Biophys. Soc. Abstr. (U.S.A.), Feb. 1970, FAM-G8.Google Scholar
Gibbs, C. L., Mommaerts, W. F. H. M. & Ricchiuti, N. C. (1967). Energetics of cardiac contractions. J. Physiol., Lond. 191, 2546.Google Scholar
Hill, A. V. (1929). Anaerobic survival in muscle. Proc. Roy. Soc. Lond. B 105, 298313.Google Scholar
Hill, A. V. (1937). Methods of analysing the heat production of muscle. Proc. Roy. Soc. Lond. B 124, 114136.Google Scholar
Hill, A. V. (1938). Heat of shortening and the dynamic constants of muscle. Proc. Roy. Soc. Lond. B 126, 136195.Google Scholar
Hill, A. V. (1949). Myothermic methods. Proc. Roy. Soc. Lond. B 136, 228241.Google Scholar
Hill, A. V. (1965). Trails and Trials in Physiology. London: Edward Arnold.Google Scholar
Hill, A. V. & Woledge, R. C. (1962). An examination of absolute values in myothermic measurements. J. Physiol., Lond. 162, 311333.Google Scholar
Howarth, J. V., Keynes, R. D. & Ritchie, J. M. (1968). The origin of the initial heat associated with a single impulse in mammalian non-myelinated nerve fibres. J. Physiol., Lond. 194, 745793.Google Scholar
Ricchiuti, N. V. & Mommaerts, W. F. H. M. (1965). Technique for myothermic measurements. Physiologist, Wash. 8, 259.Google Scholar
Wadso, I. (1970). Microcalorimeters. Q. Rev. Biophys. 4, 383427.Google Scholar
Wilkie, D. R. (1963). The wafer thermopile: a new device for measuring the heat production of muscles. J. Physiol., Lond. 167, 39P.Google Scholar
Wilkie, D. R. (1968). Heat, work and phosphorylcreative break-down in muscle. J. Physiol., Lond. 195, 157188.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed