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Protonation constants of endo- and exogenous L-amino acids and their derivatives in aqueous and mixed solution: Unraveling molecular secrets

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  18 October 2024

Marek Pająk Open the ORCID record for Marek Pająk [Opens in a new window] ,
Jakub Fichna Open the ORCID record for Jakub Fichna [Opens in a new window]  and
Magdalena Woźniczka Open the ORCID record for Magdalena Woźniczka [Opens in a new window]
Marek Pająk*
Affiliation:
Department of Physical and Biocoordination Chemistry, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
Jakub Fichna
Affiliation:
Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
Magdalena Woźniczka
Affiliation:
Department of Physical and Biocoordination Chemistry, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
*
Corresponding author: Marek Pająk; Email: [email protected]
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Abstract

The aim of this review is to summarize the progress made in the determination of the protonation constants of biologically active ligands: endo- and exogenous L-amino acids and their derivatives in aqueous and mixed solutions using different experimental techniques. The knowledge of the protonation constants of the aforementioned ligands is crucial for the determination of the equilibrium constants of complex formation and thus for the understanding of complex biological reactions such as transamination, racemization, and decarboxylation. Thus, the protonation constants of ligands are a measure of their ability to form complexes with metal ions. This knowledge not only helps to understand fundamental biochemical processes, but also has practical applications in areas such as drug design, where ligands are often targeted for therapeutic purposes. The activity of the ligands tends to increase after complexation and their order is consistent with the values of the stepwise dissociation constants of the complexes formed. Understanding the properties of ligands by determining their protonation constants in different environments and their interactions with surrounding molecules is crucial to unraveling the complexity of biological systems.

Keywords

biologically active ligandL-amino acidligand behavior in solventligand hydrationligand solvation dynamicsprotonation constant
Type
Review
Information
Quarterly Reviews of Biophysics , Volume 57 , 2024 , e10
Copyright
© The Author(s), 2024. Published by Cambridge University Press

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