Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-r5fsc Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-25T04:35:54.812Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Preparative particle separation in density gradients

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  17 March 2009

Norman G. Anderson
Norman G. Anderson
Affiliation:
Molecular Anatomy Program, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Extract

The purpose of this review is to summarize the present status of preparative zonal centrifugation and to indicate where the remaining problems, in the reviewer's opinion, may lie. The field is sufficiently new for interest in practical separartions to be uppermost. However, a number of theoretical problems relating to gradient capacity, zonal rotor configuration and particle—particle interactions remain to be fully explored.

Type
Research Article
Information
Quarterly Reviews of Biophysics , Volume 1 , Issue 3 , August 1968 , pp. 217 - 263
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1968

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Albright, J. F. & Anderson, N. G. (1958). A method for rapid fractionation of particulate systems by gradient differential centrifugation. Expl Cell Res. 15, 271–81.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Anderson, N. G. (1955 a). Studies on isolated cell components. VIII. High resolution gradient differential centrifugation. Expl Cell Res. 9, 446–59.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Anderson, N. G. (1955 b). Horizontal tubeless centrifuge head. Semi-a. Rep. U.S. atom. Energy Commn, ORNL-1953, 15 Aug. 1955, p. 117.Google Scholar
Anderson, N. G. (1956a). New fractionation methods for isolating cellular proteins. Bull. Am. phys. Soc. I (ser. II), 267–8.Google Scholar
Anderson, N. G. (1956b). Techniques for the mass isolation of cellular components. In Physical Techniques in Biological Research. Vol. III. Cells and Tissues (ed. Oster, G. and Polister, A. W.), pp. 299–352. New York: Academic Press, Inc.Google Scholar
Anderson, N. G. (1962). The zonal ultracentrifuge. A new instrument for fractionating mixtures of particles. J. phys. Chem. 66, 1984–9.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Anderson, N. G. (1963). Virus isolation in the zonal ultracentrifuge. Nature, Lond. 199, 1166–8.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Anderson, N. G. (1966). An introduction to particle separations in zonal centrifuges. Natn. Cancer Inst. Monogr. no. 21, pp. 9–39.Google ScholarPubMed
Anderson, N. G. (1967). Preparative zonal centrifugation. In Methods of Biochemical Analysis (ed. Glick, D.), vol. xv, pp. 271–310.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Anderson, N. G. (1968). Analytical techniques for cell fractions. VII. Analytical differential centrifugation in angle-head rotors. Analyt. Biochem. 23, 72–83.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Anderson, N. G., Barringer, H. P., Amburgey, J. W. Jr., Cline, G. B., Nunley, C. E. & Berman, A. S. (1966). Continuous-flow centrifugation combined with isopycnic banding: rotors B-VIII and B-TX. Natn. Cancer Inst. Monogr. 21, 199–216.Google Scholar
Anderson, N. G., Barringer, H. P., Babelay, E. F. & Fisher, W. D. (1964). The B-TV zonal ultracentrifuge. Life Sci. 3, 667–71.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Anderson, N. G., Barringer, H. P., Babelay, E. F., Nunley, C. E., Bartkus, M. J., Fisher, W. D. & Rankin, C. T. Jr., (1966). The design and operation of the B-IV zonal centrifuge system. Natn. Cancer Inst. Monogr. 21, 137–64.Google ScholarPubMed
Anderson, N. G. & Cline, G. B. (1967). New centrifugal methods for virus isolation. In Methods in Virology (ed. Koprowski, H. and Maramorosch, K.), vol. II, pp. 137–78. New York: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Anderson, N. G., Cline, G. B., Harris, W. W. & Green, J. G. (1967). Isolation of virus particles from large fluid volumes. In Symposium on the Transmission of Viruses by the Water Route (ed. Berg, G.), pp. 75–88. New York: Interscience Publishers; John Wiley and Sons.Google Scholar
Anderson, N. G., Harris, W. W., Barber, A. A., Rankin, C. T. Jr., & Candler, E. L. (1966). Separation of subcellular components and viruses by combined rate-zonal and isopycnic-zonal centrifugation. Natn. Cancer Inst. Monogr. 21, 253–83.Google Scholar
Anderson, N. G., Price, C. A., Fisher, W. D., Canning, R. E. & Burger, C. L. (1964). Analytical techniques for cell fractions. IV. Reorienting gradient rotor for zonal centrifugation. Analyt. Biochem. 7, 1–9.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Anderson, N. G. & Rutenberg, E. (1967). Analytical techniques for cell fractions. VII. A simple gradient-forming apparatus. Analyt. Biochem. 21, 259–65.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Anderson, N. G., Waters, D. A., Fisher, W. D., Cline, G. B., Nunley, C. E., & Rankin, C. T. (1967). Analytical techniques for cell fractions.V. Characteristics of the B-XIV and B-XV zonal centrifuge rotors. Analyt. Biochem. 21, 235–52.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Anderson, N. G. & Wilbur, K. M. (1952). Studies on isolated cell components. IV. The effect of various solutions on the isolated rat liver nucleus. J. Gen. Physiol. 35, 781–96.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Barber, E. J. (1966). Calculation of density and viscosity of sucrose solutions as a function of concentration and temperature. Natn. Cancer Inst. Monogr. 21, 219–39.Google ScholarPubMed
Barber, A. A., Bartlett, T. W. & Levedahl, B. H. (1966). Isolation of paramylon from Euglena gracilis var. bacillarus SML- i by combined rate-zonal and isopycnic zonal centrifugation. Natn. Cancer. Inst. Monogr. 21, 303–11.Google Scholar
Barber, A. A., Harris, W. W. & Anderson, N. G. (1966). Isolation of native glycogen by combined rate-zonal and isopycnic centrifugation. Natn. Cancer Inst. Monogr. 21, 285–302.Google ScholarPubMed
Barber, A. A., Harris, W. W. & Padilla, G. M. (1965). Studies of native glycogen isolated from synchronized Tetrahymena pyriformis. J. Cell Biol. 27, 281–92.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Barber, A. A., Rankin, C. T. Jr., & Anderson, N. G. (1966). Lipid peroxidation in rat tissue particulates separated by zonal centrifugation. Natn. Cancer Inst. Monogr. 21, 333–44.Google ScholarPubMed
Barber, M. L. S. & Canning, R. E. (1966). Extraction of contractile proteins from myofibrils prepared by rate-zonal centrifugation. Natn. Cancer Inst. Monogr. 21, 345–54.Google ScholarPubMed
Barringer, H. P. (1966). The design of zonal centrifuges. Natn. Cancer Inst. Monogr. 21, 77–111.Google ScholarPubMed
Baron, R. L., Friedman, S. L., Bond, H. E. & Oegel, R. K. (1967). Preliminary experiments on the application of zonal ultracentrifugation to studies of pesticide distribution in subcellular components of mammalian tissues. Analyt. Biochem. 19, 50–5.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Berman, A. S. (1966). Theory of centrifugation: miscellaneous studies. Natn. Cancer Inst. Monogr. 21, 41–76.Google ScholarPubMed
Birnie, G. D. & Harvey, D. R. (1968). A simple density-gradient engine for loading large-capacity zonal ultracentrifuge rotors. Analyt. Biochem. 22, 175–4.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bishop, B. S. (1966). Digital computation of sedimentation coefficients in zonal centrifuges. Natn. Cancer Inst. Monogr. 21, 175–88.Google ScholarPubMed
Bond, H. E., Flamm, W. G., Burr, H. E. & Bond, S. B. (1967). Mouse satellite DNA. Further studies on its biological and physical characteristics and its intracellular localization. J. molec. Biol. 27, 289–302.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Boone, C. W., Harell, G. S., Bond, H. E. (1968). The resolution of mixtures of viable mammalian cells into homogeneous fractions by zonal centrifugation. J. cell Biol. 36, 369–78.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Brakke, M. K. (1955). Zone electrophoresis of dyes, proteins, and viruses in density-gradient columns of sucrose solutions. Archs Biochem. Biophys. 55, 575–90.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Brakke, M. K. (1960). Density gradient centrifugation and its application to plant viruses. Advanc. Virus. Res. 7, 193–224.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brakke, M. K. (1964). Nonideal sedimentation and the capacity of sucrose gradient columns for virus in density-gradient centrifugation. Archs Biochem. Biophys. 107, 388–403.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Brakke, M. K. (1965). Density-gradient centrifugation: nonideal sedimentation and the interaction of major and minor components. Science, N.Y. 148, 387–9.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cameron, I. L., Cline, G. B., Padilla, G. M., Miller, O. L. Jr., & Dreal, P. A. Van (1966). Polysomes from Tetrahymena following pyrimidine deprivation and replacement. Natn. Cancer Inst. Monogr. 21, 361–9.Google ScholarPubMed
Candler, E. L., Nunley, C. E. & Anderson, N. G. (1967). Analytical techniques for cell fractions. VI. Multiple gradient-distributing rotor (BXXI). Analyt. Biochem. 21, 253–8.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cho, N., Barringer, H. P., Amburgey, J. W., Cline, G. B., Anderson, N. G., McCauley, L. L., Stevens, R. H. & Swartout, W. M. (1966). Problems in biocontainment. Natn. Cancer Inst. Monogr. 21, 485–95.Google ScholarPubMed
Cline, G. B. (1966). The isolation and characterization of polysomes from Escherichia coli. Thesis, State University of New York, Syracuse.Google Scholar
Cline, G. B., Coates, H., Anderson, N. G., Chanock, R. M. & Harris, W. W. (1967). Respiratory syncytial virus isolation by combined continuous flow-isopycnic banding centrifugation. J. Virology I, 659–64.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cline, G. B., Nunley, C. E. & Anderson, N. G. (1966). Improved continuous flow centrifugation with banding. Nature, Lond. 212, 487–9.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cline, G. B., Rosenbaum, M. & Anderson, N. G. (1967). The isolation of viral soluble antigens by gradient resolubilization. Biophys. J. (Abst.) 7, 120.Google Scholar
Corbett, J. R. (1966). Separation of rat liver cell components in the B-XV zonal centrifuge rotor. Fedn. Proc. 25, 759.Google Scholar
Dallner, G. & Nilsson, R. (1966). Mechanism of the cation effect in sub. fractionation of microsomes. J. Cell Biol. 31, 181–93.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Duve, C.De (1963–1964). The separation and characterization of sub-cellular particles. Harvey Lect. 59, 49.Google Scholar
Duve, C.De, Berthet, J. & Beaufay, H. (1959). Gradient centrifugation of cell particles. Theory and applications. Progr. Biophys. 9, 325–69.Google Scholar
El-Aaser, A. A., Fitzsimons, J. T. R., Hinton, R. H., Reid, E., Klucis, E. & Alexander, P. (1966). Zonal centrifugation of crude nuclear fractions of rat liver. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 127, 553–6.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
El-Aaser, A. A., Reid, E., Klucis, E., Alexander, P., Lett, J. T. & Smith, J. (1966). Resolution of the components in the microsomal fraction of liver in the B-IV zonal centrifuge. Natn. Cancer Inst. Monogr. 21, 323–32.Google ScholarPubMed
Elrod, H., Anderson, N. G., Patrick, L. C. & Shinpaugh, J. C. (1968). Isolation of nuclei using reorienting gradients. J. Tenn. Acad. Sci. (in the Press).Google Scholar
Fisher, W. D. & Canning, R. E. (1966). Isolation and characterization of rat macroglobulin. Natn. Cancer. Inst Monogr. 21, 403–12.Google ScholarPubMed
Fisher, W. D. & Cline, G. B. (1963). A density gradient for the isolation of metabolically active thymus nuclei. Biochem. biophys. Acta 68, 640–2.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fisher, W. D., Cline, G. B. & Anderson, N. G. (1964). Density gradient centrifugation in angle-head rotors. Analyt. Biochem. 9, 477–82.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fox, S. M., Birnie, G. D., Martin, E. M. & Sonnabend, J. A. (1967). Isolation of polyoma virus and Semliki Forest virus from tissue culture fluid by continuous flow zonal centrifugation. J. Gen. Virol. I, 557–80.Google Scholar
Gehetia, M. & Katchalski, E. (1959). Brownian motion in the centrifugal field. J. chem. Phys. 30, 1334–9.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gerin, J. L. (1964). The effect of thyroid hormone on in vivo protein synthesis in rat liver. Thesis, University of Tennessee, Knoxville.Google Scholar
Gerin, J., Fenters, J. D., Fricke, H. H., Marquis, G. S. & Holper, J. C. (1966). Biophysical and immunological properties of rhinoviruses. Fedn Proc. 25, 684.Google Scholar
Hamilton, N. G. (1968). Studies on isolated subunits of rat liver ribosomes. Biophys. J. 8, 180.Google Scholar
Hastings, J. R. B., Parish, J. H., Kirby, K. S. & Klucis, E. S. (1965). Fractionation of ribonucleic acids in the zonal ultracentrifuge. Nature, Lond. 208, 645–9.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hastings, J. R. B., Parish, J. H., Kirby, K. S. & Klucis, E. (1966). Use of the zonal ultracentrifuge to separate components of ribosomal RNA. Natn. Cancer Inst. Monogr. 21, 397–402.Google ScholarPubMed
Heimberg, M. (1967). Evaluation of zonal centrifuge rotors for the the isolation of serum lipoproteins. In MAN Program Report, ORNL 4171 Special (ed. Anderson, N. G.), pp. 72–6.Google Scholar
Higashi, K., Adams, H. R. & Busch, H. (1966). Base composition of RNA fractions of nuclei of Walker tumor isolated with the citric acid procedure. Cancer Res. 26, 2196–2201.Google ScholarPubMed
Hoyle, F., Jolles, B. & Mitchell, R. G. (1954). The incorporation of radio-active phosphorus in the influenza virus and its distribution in serologically active virus fractions. J. Hyg., Camb. 52, 119–27.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hsu, H. W. (1968). Transport phenomena in zonal centrifuge rotors. I. Velocity and shear stress distribution. Biophys. J. (in the Press).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kedes, L. H., Koegel, R. J. & Kuff, E. L. (1966). Relationship between structural proteins of derived ribosomal subunits and cytoplasmic postribosomal particles of mammalian cells. J. molec. Biol. 22, 359–63.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Klucis, E. S. & Gould, H. J. (1966). Zonal ultracentrifuge for the separation of ribosomal subunits. Science, N.Y. 152, 378.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lett, J. T., Feldschreiber, P., Little, J. G., Steele, K. & Dean, C. J. (1967). The repair of X-ray damage to DNA in Micrococcus radiodurans: A study of the excision process. Proc. R. Soc. B 167, 184–201.Google ScholarPubMed
Martin, R. G. & Ames, B. N. (1961). A method for determining the sedimentation behavior of enzymes: Application to protein mixtures. J. biol. Chem. 236, 1372–1379.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mel, H. C. (1964). Stable-flow free boundary (STAFLO) migration and fractionation of cell mixtures. III. Migration principles—sedimentation and electrophoresis. J. theoret. Biol. 6, 307–24.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Parish, J. H., Kirby, K. S. & Klucis, E. S. (1966). Rapidly labelled, low molecular weight RNA from rat-liver cytoplasmic ribonucleoprotein particles. J. molec. Biol. 22, 393–5.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pertoft, H. (1966). Gradient centrifugation in colloidal silica-polysaccharide media. Biochem. biophys Ada 126, 594–6.Google ScholarPubMed
Rahman, Y. E. (1967). Studies on rat liver ribonucleases. I. Intracellular localization of the alkaline ribonucleases. Biochim. biophys. Acta 146, 477–83.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Reimer, C. B., Baker, R. S., Frank, R. M. Van, Newlin, T. E., Cline, G. B. & Anderson, N. G. (1967). Purification of large quantities of influenza vaccine by density gradient centrifugation. J. Virology I, 1207–16.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Reimer, C. B., Baker, R. S., Newlin, T. E. & Havens, M. L. (1966a). Influenza virus purification with the zonal ultracentrifuge. Science, N. Y. 152, 1379–81.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Reimer, C. B., Baker, R. S., Newlin, T. E., Havens, M. L., Frank, R. M. Van, Storvick, W. O. & Miller, R. P. (1966b). Comparison of techniques for influenza virus purification. J. Bact. 92, 1271–2.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rosenbaum, M., McCollum, C. & Brandon, F. B. (1967). Density gradient studies of intact and ether disrupted influenza Virus in swinging bucket and zonal rotors. Bact. Proc. 67, 151–2.Google Scholar
Schramm, E. (1964). Étude analytique des ribosomes 30S et 50S. Archs int. Physiol. Biochim. 72, 695–7.Google Scholar
Schuel, H. & Anderson, N. G. (1964). Studies on isolated cell components. XVI. The distribution of acid phenyl phosphatase activities in rat liver brei fractionated in the zonal ultracentrifuge. J. Cell Biol. 21, 309–23.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Schuel, H., Lorand, L., Schuel, R. & Anderson, N. G. (1965). Isolation of relaxing particles from rat skeletal muscles in zonal centrifuges. J. Gen. Physiol. 48, 737–52.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Schuel, H., Tipton, S. R. & Anderson, N. G. (1964). Studies on isolated cell components. XVII. The distribution of cytochrome oxidase activity in rat liver brei fractionated in the zonal ultracentrifuge. J. Cell Biol. 22, 317–26.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Schumaker, V. (1967). Zone centrifugation. In Advances in Biological and Medical Physics (ed. Tobias, C. A. and Lawrence, J. H.), pp. 245–339. New York: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Spragg, S. P. & Rankin, C. T. Jr., (1967). The capacity of zones in density- gradient centrifugation. Biochim. biophys. Acta 141, 164–73.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Still, C. C. & Price, C. A. (1967). Bulk separation of chloroplasts with intact membranes in the zonal centrifuge. Biochim. biophys. Acta 141, 176–8.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Svedberg, T. & Pederson, K. O. (1940). The Ultracentrifuge. Oxford: Clarendon Press.Google Scholar
Svensson, H., Hagdahl, L. & Lerner, K. D. (1957). Zonal electrophoresis in a density gradient. Stability conditions and separation of serum proteins. Sci. Tools 4, 1–10.Google Scholar
Swick, R. W., Stange, J. L., Nance, S. L. & Thomson, J. F. (1967). The heterogeneous distribution of mitochondrial enzymes in normal rat liver. Biochemistry 6, 737–44.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Thomson, J. F. & Mikuta, E. T. (1954). Enzymatic activity of cytoplasmic particulates of rat liver isolated by gradient céntrifugation. Arch. Biochem. 51, 487–98.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Thomson, J. F. & Moss, E. M. (1956). The intracellular distribution of a bound acid phosphatase of rat liver as studied by gradient centrifugation. Arch. Biochem. 61, 456–60.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Toplin, I. (1967). Purification of Moloney and Rauscher murine leukemia viruses by use of zonal ultracentrifuge systems. J. appl. Microbiol. 15, 582–9.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Toplin, I., Riccardo, D. & Jenson, E. M.Large scale production of Moloney murine leukaemia virus in tissue culture. Cancer 18, 1377–84.3.0.CO;2-4>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vinograd, J., Bruner, R. (1966). Band centrifugation of macromolecules in self generating density gradients. III. Conditions for convection-free band sedimentation. Biopolymers 4, 157–70.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wright, R. R., Pappas, W. S., Carter, J. A. & Weber, C. W. (1966). Preparation and recovery of cesium compounds for density gradient solutions. Natn. Cancer Inst. Monogr. 21, 241–9.Google ScholarPubMed
Whitson, G. L., Padilla, G. M., Canning, R. E., Cameron, I. L., Anderson, N. G. & Elrod, L. H. (1966). The isolation of oral structures from Tetrahymena pyriformis by low-speed zonal centrifugation. Natn. Cancer Inst. Monogr. 21, 317–21.Google ScholarPubMed
Whitson, G. L., Padilla, G. M. & Fisher, W. D. (1966). Cyclic changes in polyribosomes of synchronized Tetrahymena pyriformis. Expl Cell Res. 2, 438–46.CrossRefGoogle Scholar