Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-g7gxr Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-05T01:45:42.415Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

The Nature of Boxy/Peanut Spiral Galaxies: Overview and New Results

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  16 May 2016

M. Bureau  and
K. C. Freeman
M. Bureau
Affiliation:
Mount Stromlo and Siding Spring Observatories, Institute of Advanced Studies, Australian National University, Private Bag, Weston Creek PO, ACT 2611, [email protected]
K. C. Freeman
Affiliation:
Mount Stromlo and Siding Spring Observatories, Institute of Advanced Studies, Australian National University, Private Bag, Weston Creek PO, ACT 2611, [email protected]
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

The formation mechanism of boxy/peanut-shaped bulges in spiral galaxies has been a problem for many years. We briefly review here the possible formation scenarios for boxy/peanut bulges, concentrating on both the bar-buckling and accretion hypotheses, and then describe an observational program aimed at testing those various theories and studying the vertical structure of edge-on bars. Our program includes optical long-slit spectroscopy, Hi line-imaging, near-infrared imaging, and multi-band optical imaging. New spectroscopic results (both optical and Hi) are presented on seven galaxies, including five boxy/peanut-bulge spirals. Based on Kuijken & Merrifield's (1995) idea for detecting edge-on bars, we argue that these observations constitute a strong case in favour of the bar-buckling mechanism for the formation of boxy/peanut-shaped bulges, but they also raise many questions and prompt for more detailed modelling to be made. The implications of the observations concerning the determination of rotation curves and of the physical conditions in bulges are also discussed.

Keywords

galaxies: formationgalaxies: evolutiongalaxies: kinematics and dynamicsgalaxies: structuregalaxies: spiralinstabilities
Type
Research Article
Information
Publications of the Astronomical Society of Australia , Volume 14 , Issue 2 , 1997 , pp. 146 - 158
Copyright
Copyright © Astronomical Society of Australia 1997

References

Andredakis, Y. C., & Sanders, R. H. 1994, MNRAS, 267, 283 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Araki, S. 1985, PhD thesis, Massachussetts Institute of TechnologyGoogle Scholar
Beaulieu, S. 1996, PhD thesis, Australian National UniversityGoogle Scholar
Bettoni, D., & Galletta, G. 1994, A&A, 281, 1Google Scholar
Binney, J. J., Gerhard, O. E., Stark, A. A., Bally, J., & Uchida, K. I. 1991, MNRAS, 252, 210Google Scholar
Binney, J., & Petrou, M. 1985, MNRAS, 214, 449 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Blitz, L., & Spergel, D. N. 1991, ApJ, 379, 631 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bosma, A., Byun, Y., Freeman, K. C., & Athanassoula, E. 1992, ApJ Lett., 400, L21Google Scholar
Combes, F., Debbasch, F., Friedli, D., & Pfenniger, D. 1990, A&A, 233, 82Google Scholar
Combes, F., & Sanders, R. H. 1981, A&A, 96, 164 Google Scholar
Debattista, V. P., & Sellwood, J. A. 1997, Dark and Visible Matter in Galaxies and Cosmological Implications, ed. M. Persic & P. Salucci (San Francisco: ASP), in pressGoogle Scholar
de Souza, R. E., & dos Anjos, S. 1987, A&AS, 70, 465Google Scholar
Emsellem, E. 1997, The Nature of Elliptical Galaxies, ed. M. Arnaboldi, G. Da Costa & P. Saha (San Francisco: ASP), in press.Google Scholar
Fridman, A. M., & Polyachenko, V. L. 1984, Physics of Gravitating Systems (New York: Springer)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hasan, H., & Norman, C. 1990, ApJ, 361, 69CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jarvis, B. J. 1986, AJ, 91, 65Google Scholar
Karachentsev, I. D., Karachentseva, V. E., & Parnovsky, S.L. 1993, Astron. Nachr. 314, 97CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kormendy, J., & Illingworth, G. 1982, ApJ, 256, 460CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kuijken, K., & Merrifield, M. R. 1995, ApJ Lett., 443, L13CrossRefGoogle Scholar
May, A., van Albada, T. S., & Norman, C. A. 1985, MNRAS, 214, 131Google Scholar
Merrifield, M. R. 1996, Barred Galaxies, IAU Coll. 157, ed. R. Buta, D. A. Crocker & B. G. Elmegreen (San Francisco: ASP), 179 Google Scholar
Mihos, J. C., Walker, I. R., Hernquist, L., de Oliveira, M. C., & Bolte, M. 1995, ApJ Lett., 447, L87Google Scholar
Nakada, Y., et al. 1991, Nature, 353, 140Google Scholar
Norman, C. A., Sellwood, J. A., & Hasan, H. 1996, ApJ, 462, 114Google Scholar
Paczyński, B., et al. 1994, ApJ Lett., 435, L113Google Scholar
Pfenniger, D., & Friedli, D. 1991, A&A, 252, 75Google Scholar
Raha, N. 1992, PhD thesis, University of ManchesterGoogle Scholar
Raha, N., Sellwood, J. A., James, R. A., & Kahn, F. D. 1991, Nature, 352, 411 Google Scholar
Rowley, G. 1986, PhD thesis, Australian National UniversityGoogle Scholar
Rowley, G. 1988, ApJ, 331, 124Google Scholar
Sellwood, J. A. 1980, A&A, 89, 296Google Scholar
Sellwood, J. A. 1981, A&A, 99, 362Google Scholar
Sellwood, J. A., & Debattista, V. P. 1997, in Barred Galaxies and Circum nuclear Activity, Nobel Symposium 98, ed. Aa. Sandquist, P. O. Lindblad & S. Jòrsáter (New York: Springer), in pressGoogle Scholar
Sellwood, J. A., & Wilkinson, A. 1993, Rep. Prog. Phys., 56, 173 Google Scholar
Shaw, M. A. 1987, MNRAS, 229, 691Google Scholar
Shaw, M. A. 1993, MNRAS, 261, 718CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Toomre, A. 1966, Geophysical Fluid Dynamics, 1966 Summer Study Program at Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, ref. no. 66-46, 111 Google Scholar
Weiland, J. L., et al. 1994, ApJ Lett., 425, L81Google Scholar
Weinberg, M. D. 1985, MNRAS, 213, 451Google Scholar
Whitmore, B. C., & Bell, M. 1988, ApJ, 324, 741 Google Scholar