If we may take the habits, attitudes and utterances of people of low mentality and little independence and originality as evidence of a primitive type of thinking and those of thoughtful people as evidence of a more highly developed type, we can expect to find in comparative sociology the mental distinctions that characterize primitive and more highly developed peoples. If we compare the initial stages of a mental discipline with the later stages we can find evidence of the same distinctions. If we examine the mental processes of everyday life which require little effort and which we can engage in in indolent moods and compare with those that are distinctly effortful and which, as we perform them, carry the thrill of awakeness and vitality, we again find evidence of the same distinctions. In each of these comparisons the more primitive thought is largely in terms of broad categories and its decisions are unambiguous, unqualified and lead to unquestioned conclusion, while the higher type is either definitely quantitative or concerned with much finer categories and leads to qualified conviction and tempered judgment.