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Generating Items During Testing: Psychometric Issues and Models

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 January 2025

Susan E. Embretson
Susan E. Embretson*
Affiliation:
University of Kansas
*
Requests for reprints should be sent to Susan E. Embretson, Department of Psychology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas.
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Abstract

On-line item generation is becoming increasingly feasible for many cognitive tests. Item generation seemingly conflicts with the well established principle of measuring persons from items with known psychometric properties. This paper examines psychometric principles and models required for measurement from on-line item generation. Three psychometric issues are elaborated for item generation. First, design principles to generate items are considered. A cognitive design system approach is elaborated and then illustrated with an application to a test of abstract reasoning. Second, psychometric models for calibrating generating principles, rather than specific items, are required. Existing item response theory (IRT) models are reviewed and a new IRT model that includes the impact on item discrimination, as well as difficulty, is developed. Third, the impact of item parameter uncertainty on person estimates is considered. Results from both fixed content and adaptive testing are presented.

Keywords

item generationtest designIRT modelscognitive modelsability estimationitem uncertainty
Type
Original Paper
Information
Psychometrika , Volume 64 , Issue 4 , December 1999 , pp. 407 - 433
Copyright
Copyright © 1999 The Psychometric Society

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Footnotes

This article is based on the Presidential Address Susan E. Embretson gave on June 26, 1999 at the 1999 Annual Meeting of the Psychometric Society held at the University of Kansas in Lawrence, Kansas. —Editor

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