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A systematic review and meta-analysis of exercise interventions in schizophrenia patients

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  04 February 2015

J. Firth ,
J. Cotter ,
R. Elliott ,
P. French  and
A. R. Yung
J. Firth*
Affiliation:
Institute of Brain, Behaviour and Mental Health, University of Manchester, UK
J. Cotter
Affiliation:
Institute of Brain, Behaviour and Mental Health, University of Manchester, UK
R. Elliott
Affiliation:
Institute of Brain, Behaviour and Mental Health, University of Manchester, UK Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, UK
P. French
Affiliation:
Psychosis Research Unit, Greater Manchester West NHS Mental Health Trust, UK Institute of Psychology, Health and Society, The University of Liverpool, UK
A. R. Yung
Affiliation:
Institute of Brain, Behaviour and Mental Health, University of Manchester, UK Orygen Youth Health Research Centre, University of Melbourne, Australia
*
* Address for correspondence: J. Firth, University of Manchester, Room 3.306, Jean McFarlane Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK. (Email: [email protected])
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Abstract

Background

The typically poor outcomes of schizophrenia could be improved through interventions that reduce cardiometabolic risk, negative symptoms and cognitive deficits; aspects of the illness which often go untreated. The present review and meta-analysis aimed to establish the effectiveness of exercise for improving both physical and mental health outcomes in schizophrenia patients.

Method

We conducted a systematic literature search to identify all studies that examined the physical or mental effects of exercise interventions in non-affective psychotic disorders. Of 1581 references, 20 eligible studies were identified. Data on study design, sample characteristics, outcomes and feasibility were extracted from all studies and systematically reviewed. Meta-analyses were also conducted on the physical and mental health outcomes of randomized controlled trials.

Results

Exercise interventions had no significant effect on body mass index, but can improve physical fitness and other cardiometabolic risk factors. Psychiatric symptoms were significantly reduced by interventions using around 90 min of moderate-to-vigorous exercise per week (standardized mean difference: 0.72, 95% confidence interval −1.14 to −0.29). This amount of exercise was also reported to significantly improve functioning, co-morbid disorders and neurocognition.

Conclusions

Interventions that implement a sufficient dose of exercise, in supervised or group settings, can be feasible and effective interventions for schizophrenia.

Keywords

Exercisefunctional recoveryphysical activitypsychotic disordersschizophrenia
Type
Review Article
Information
Psychological Medicine , Volume 45 , Issue 7 , May 2015 , pp. 1343 - 1361
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2015 

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