Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-rcrh6 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-20T06:35:25.124Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

The social causation of depression: a critique of the work of Brown and his colleagues

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 July 2009

Christopher Tennant*
Affiliation:
MRC Social Psychiatry Research Unit, Institute of Psychiatry, London
Paul Bebbington
Affiliation:
MRC Social Psychiatry Research Unit, Institute of Psychiatry, London
*
1Address for correspondence: Dr Christopher Tennant, M R C Social Psychiatry Research Unit, Institute of Psychiatry, De Crespigny Park, Denmark Hill, London SE5 8AF.

Synopsis

Brown and his colleagues have presented evidence for the social origins of depression from results of 2 community surveys in Camberwell. This paper examines critically their methodology, conceptualization of variables, mode of argument and statistical techniques. Log-linear analysis of their published data fails to substantiate their differentiation of risk variables into vulnerability factors and provoking agents.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1978

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Bebbington, P. E. (1979). Causal models and logical inference in epidemiological psychiatry. British Journal of Psychiatry (in the press).Google Scholar
Birley, J. L. T. & Brown, G. W. (1970). Crises and life changes preceding the onset or relapse of acute schizophrenia: clinical aspects. British Journal of Psychiatry 116, 328333.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Birtchnell, J. (1972). Early parent death and psychiatric diagnosis. Social Psychiatry 7, 202210.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Birtchnell, J. (1974). Is there a scientifically acceptable alternative to the epidemiological study of familial factors in mental illness? Social Science and Medicine 8, 335350.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bishop, T. M. M., Fienberg, S. E. & Holland, F. W. (1975). Discrete Multivariate Analysis. MIT Press: Cambridge, Mass.Google Scholar
Brown, G. W. (1974). Meaning, measurement and stress of life events. In Stressful Life Events: Their Nature and Effects (ed. Dohrenwend, B. S. and Dohrenwend, B. P.), pp. 217243. John Wiley & Sons: New York.Google Scholar
Brown, G. W. & Birley, J. L. T. (1968). Crises and life changes in the onset of schizophrenia. Journal of Health and Social Behaviour 9, 203214.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Brown, G. W. & Harris, T. (1978). Social Origins of Depression. A Study of Psychiatric Disorder in Women. Tavistock: London.Google Scholar
Brown, G. W., Sklair, F., Harris, T. O. & Birley, J. L. T. (1973 a). Life events and psychiatric disorder. I. Some methodological issues. Psychological Medicine 3, 7487.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Brown, G. W., Harris, T. O. & Peto, J. (1973 b). Life events and psychiatric disorder. II. Nature of causal link. Psychological Medicine 3, 159176.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brown, G. W., Bhrolcháin, M. & Harris, T. (1975). Social class and psychiatric disturbance among women in an urban population. Sociology 9, 225254.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brown, G. W., Harris, T. & Copeland, J. R. (1977 a). Depression and loss. British Journal of Psychiatry 130, 118.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Brown, G. W., Davidson, S., Harris, T., MacLean, U., Pollock, S. & Prudo, R. (1977 b). Psychiatric disorders in London and North Uist. Social Science and Medicine 11, 367377.Google ScholarPubMed
Cobb, S. (1976). Presidential address 1976: Social support as a moderator of life stress. Psychosomatic Medicine 38, 300314.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Duncan-Jones, P. (1976). Studying the odds: simple presentation of binary outcomes. Paper presented to Mathematics, Statistics and Methodology Section: Statistical Association of Australia and New Zealand. La Trobe University, Melbourne, 08 2023.Google Scholar
Dohrenwend, B. S. & Dohrenwend, B. P. (1978). Some issues in research in stressful life events. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease 166, 715.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Everitt, B. S. (1977). The Analysis of Contingency Tables. Chapman and Hall: London.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Feighner, J. P., Robins, E., Guze, S. B., Woodruff, R. A. Jr., Winokur, G. & Munoz, R. (1972). Diagnostic criteria for use in psychiatric research. Archives of General Psychiatry 26, 5773.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Grad de Alarcón, J., Sainsbury, P. & Costain, W. R. (1975). Incidence of referred mental illness in Chichester and Salisbury. Psychological Medicine 5, 3254.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Granville-Grossman, K. (1968). The early environment in affective disorder. In Recent Developments in Affective Disorders: A Symposium (ed. Coppen, A. and Walk, A.), pp. 6569. Royal Medico-Psychological Association: London.Google Scholar
Hare, E. H. & Shaw, G. K. (1965). Mental Health on a New Housing Estate: A Comparative Study of Health in Two Districts in Croydon. Maudsley Monograph no. 12. Oxford University Press: London.Google Scholar
Henderson, S., Duncan-Jones, P., McAuley, H. & Ritchie, K. (1978). The patient's primary group. British Journal of Psychiatry 132, 7486.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Holmes, T. H. & Rahe, R. H. (1967). The Social Readjustment Rating Scale. Journal of Psychosomatic Research 11, 213218.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Langner, T. S. & Michael, S. T. (1963). Life Stress and Mental Health: The Midtown Manhattan Study. Collier-Mac-Millan: London.Google Scholar
Paykel, E. S. (1978). Contribution of life events to causation of psychiatric illness. Psychological Medicine 8, 245253.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rabkin, J. G. & Struening, E. L. (1976). Life events, stress and illness. Science 194, 10131020.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Tolsdorf, C. C. (1976). Social networks, support and coping: an exploratory study. Family Process 15, 407417.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Tyhurst, J. S. (1957). The role of transition states – including disasters – in mental illness. In Symposium on Preventive and Social Psychiatry, pp. 149169. Government Publishing Office: Washington, D.C.Google Scholar
Weiss, R. (1970). The fund of sociability. Transaction 7, 3643.Google Scholar
Wing, J. K., Cooper, J. E. & Sartorius, N. (1974). Th. Description and Classification of Psychiatric Symptoms. Cambridge University Press: London.Google Scholar
Wing, J. K., Nixon, J. M., Mann, S. A. & Leff, J. P. (1977). Reliability of the PSE (ninth edition) used in a population survey. Psychological Medicine 7, 505516.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wing, J. K., Mann, S. A., Leff, J. P. & Nixon, J. M. (1978). The concept of a ‘case’ in psychiatric population surveys. Psychological Medicine 8, 203217.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed