Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-s2hrs Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-05T11:33:47.906Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Prognosis of depression and the endogenous-neurotic distinction

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 July 2009

E. S. Paykel ,
G. L. Klerman  and
B. A. Prusoff
E. S. Paykel
Affiliation:
From St. George's Hospital, London, Yale University, New Haven, and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, U.S.A.
G. L. Klerman
Affiliation:
From St. George's Hospital, London, Yale University, New Haven, and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, U.S.A.
B. A. Prusoff
Affiliation:
From St. George's Hospital, London, Yale University, New Haven, and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, U.S.A.
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Synopsis

Depressed patients were followed-up after 10 months, and factor scores reflecting respectively general severity, the endogenous-neurotic distinction, and an admixture of anxiety versus depression were used as predictors. The main prognostic relationships were with the endogenous-neurotic distinction and provided validating evidence for it. Endogenous depressives showed generally better prognoses. Individual rating variables used to derive the factors showed little relationship to outcome and prediction appeared to derive from a summation of elements relevant to the endogenous-neurotic distinction across many variables.

Type
Research Article
Information
Psychological Medicine , Volume 4 , Issue 1 , February 1974 , pp. 57 - 64
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1974

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Astrup, C., Fossum, A., and Holmboe, R. (1959). A follow-up study of 270 patients with acute affective psychoses. Acta Psychiatrica et Neurologica Scandinavica, 34, Suppl. 135.Google ScholarPubMed
Bunney, W. E. Jr, Davis, J. M., Weil-Malherbe, H., and Smith, E. R. B. (1967). Biochemical changes in psychotic depression. Archives of General Psychiatry, 16, 448–460.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Busfield, B. L. Jr, Wechsler, H., and Barnum, W. J. (1961). Studies of salivation in depression. 2. Physiological differentiation of reactive and endogenous depression. Archives of General Psychiatry, 5, 472–477.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Carney, M. W. P., Roth, M., and Garside, R. F. (1965). The diagnosis of depressive syndromes and the prediction of E.C.T. response. British Journal of Psychiatry, 111, 659–674.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Eysenck, H. J. (1959). The Manual of the Mandsley Personality Inventory. University of London Press: London.Google Scholar
Fenton, G. W., Hill, D., and Scotton, L. (1968). An EEG measure of the effect of mood change on the thiopentone thiopentone of depressed patients. British Journal of Psychiatry, 114, 1141–1147.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Greenblatt, M., Grosser, G. H., and Wechsler, H. (1964). Differential response of hospitalized depressed patients to somatic therapy. American Journal of Psychiatry, 120, 935–943.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gurland, B. J., Yorkston, N. J., Stone, A. R., Frank, J. D., and Fleiss, J. L. (1972). The structured and scaled interview to assess maladjustment (SSIAM). 1. Description, rationale, and development. Archives of General Psychiatry, 27, 259–264.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hamilton, M. (1960). A rating scale for depression. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry, 23, 56–62.Google ScholarPubMed
Holmes, T. H., and Rahe, R. H. (1967). The Social Readjustment Rating Scale. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 11, 213–218.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kay, D. W. K., Garside, R. F., Roy, J. R., and Beamish, P. (1969). “Endogenous” and “neurotic” syndromes of depression: a 5- to 7-year follow-up of 104 cases. British Journal of Psychiatry, 115, 389–399.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kendell, R. E. (1968). The Classification of Depressive Illnesses. Maudsley Monograph No. 18. Oxford University Press: London.Google Scholar
Kendell, R. E., and DiScipio, W. J. (1968). Eysenck personality inventory scores of patients with depressive illnesses. British Journal of Psychiatry, 114, 767–770.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kerr, T. A., Roth, M., Schapira, K., and Gurney, C. (1972). The assessment and prediction of outcome in affective disorders. British Journal of Psychiatry, 121, 167–174.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kiloh, L. G., Ball, J. R. B., and Garside, R. F. (1962). Prognostic factors in trcalment of depressive states with imipramine. British Medical Journal 1, 1225–1227.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mendels, J. (1965). Electroconvulsive therapy and depression. 2. Significance of endogenous and reactive syndromes. British Journal of Psychiatry, 111, 682–686.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mendels, J., and Cochrane, C. (1968). The nosology of depression: The endogenous-reactive concept. American Journal of Psychiatry, 124, No. 11, Suppl., 1–11.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Paykel, E. S. (1972). Depressive typologies and response to amitriptyline. British Journal of Psychiatry, 120, 147–156.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Paykel, E. S., Klerman, G. L., and Prusoff, B. A. (1970). Treatment setting and clinical depression. Archives of General Psychiatry, 22, 11–21.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Paykel, E. S., Prusoff, B. A., and Klerman, G. L. (1971a). The endogenous-neurotic continuum in depression: rater independence and factor distributions. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 8, 73–90.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Paykel, E. S., Weissman, M., Prusoff, B. A., and Tonks, C. M. (1971b). Dimensions of social adjustment in depressed women. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 152, 158–172.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Raskin, A., Schulterbrandt, J., Reatig, N., and Rice, C. E. (1967). Factors of psychotherapy in interview, ward behavior, and self-report ratings of hospitalized depressives. Journal of Consulting Psychology, 31, 270–278.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shagass, C., and Jones, A. L. (1958). A neurophysiological test for psychiatric diagnosis: Results in 750 patients. American Journal of Psychiatry, 114, 1002–1010.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed