Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-fscjk Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-31T23:30:43.923Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Prediction of the course and outcome of depression1

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 July 2009

A. Jablensky
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. As you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.
Image of the first page of this content. For PDF version, please use the ‘Save PDF’ preceeding this image.'
Type
Editorial
Information
Psychological Medicine , Volume 17 , Issue 1 , February 1987 , pp. 1 - 9
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1987

References

Akiskal, H. S., Bitar, A. H., Puzantian, V. P., Rosenthal, T. L. & Walker, P. W. (1978). The nosological status of neurotic depression. A prospective three-to-four-year follow-upexamination in light of the primary-secondary and unipolar–bipolar dichotomies. Archives of General Psychiatry 35, 756–766.Google Scholar
Akiskal, H. S., Hirschfeld, R. M. A. & Yerevanian, B. I. (1983 a). The relationship of personality to affective disorders. Archives of General Psychiatry 40, 801–810.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Akiskal, H. S., Walker, P., Puzantian, V. P., King, D., Rosenthal, T. L. & Dranon, M. (1983 b). Bipolar outcome in the course of depressive illness. Phenomenologic, familial, and pharmacologic predictors. Journal of Affective Disorders 5, 115–128.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Akiskal, H. S., Lemmi, H., Dickson, H., King, D., Yerevanian, B. & van Valkenburg, C. (1984). Chronic depressions. Part 2. Sleep EEG differentiation of primary dysthymic disorders from anxious depressions. Journal of Affective Disorders 6, 287–295.Google Scholar
American Psychiatric Association (1980). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (third edn). APA: Washington, D.C.Google Scholar
Angst, J. (1979). Dépressions chez le sujet âgé. Résultat d'une étude longitudinale. L'Encéphale 5, 463–473.Google Scholar
Angst, J. (1980). Verlauf unipolar depressiver, bipolar manischdepressiven und schizo-affektiver Erkrankungen und Psychosen. Ergebnisse einer prospektiven Studie. Fortschritte der Neurologie und Psychiatrie 48, 3–30.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Angst, J., Frey, R., Felder, W. & Lohmeyer, B. (1981). The course of monopolar depression and bipolar manic-depressive psychoses and schizoaffective psychoses. In Prospective Longitudinal Research (ed. Mednick, S. A. and Baert, A. E.), pp.260–262. WHO Regional Office for Europe/Oxford University Press: Oxford.Google Scholar
Binder, J. & Angst, J. (1981). A prospective epidemiological study of depressive, psychosomatic and neurotic disturbances. In Prospective Longitudinal Research (ed. Mednick, S. A. and Baert, A. E.), pp. 157–160. WHO Regional Office for Europe/Oxford University Press: Oxford.Google Scholar
Bland, R. C. & Orn, H. (1982). Course and outcome in affective disorders. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry 27, 573–581.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Brockington, I. F., Helzer, J. E., Hillier, V. F. & Francis, A. F. (1982). Definition of depression: concordance and prediction of outcome. American Journal of Psychiatry 139, 1022–1027.Google ScholarPubMed
Brown, G. W. & Harris, T. (1978). Social Origins of Depression. Tavistock Publications: London.Google ScholarPubMed
Brown, G. W. & Prudo, R. (1981). Psychiatric disorder in a rural and an urban population: I. Aetiology of depression. 2. Sensitivity to loss. Psychological Medicine 11, 581–599, 601–616.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brugger, C. (1933). Psychiatrische Ergebnisse einer medizinischen, anthropologischen und soziologischen Bevölkerungsuntersuchung. Zeitschrift für die gesamte Neurologie und Psychiatrie 146, 489.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bürk, F. & Möller, H. J. (1985). Prädiktoren für weiteres suizidales Verhalten bei nach einem Suizidversuch hospitalisierten Patienten. Fortschritte der Neurologie und Psychiatric 53, 259–270.Google Scholar
Copeland, J. R. M. (1983). Psychotic and neurotic depression: discriminant function analysis and five-year outcome. Psychological Medicine 13, 373–383.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Copeland, J. R. M. (1985). Depressive illness and morbid distress. Onset and development data examined against five-year outcome. British Journal of Psychiatry 146, 297–307.Google Scholar
Coryell, W. & Tsuang, M. T. (1985). Major depression with mood-congruent or mood-incongruent psychotic features: outcome after 40 years. American Journal of Psychiatry 142, 479–482.Google Scholar
Coryell, W. & Winokur, G. (1982). Course and outcome. In Handbook of Affective Disorders (ed. Paykel, E. S.), pp.93–106. Churchill Livingstone: Edinburgh.Google Scholar
Dahlberg, G. & Stenberg, S. (1931). Eine statistische Untersuchung über die Wahrscheinlichkeit der Erkrankung an verschiedenen Psychosen. Zeitschrift für die gesamte Neurologie und Psychiatrie 133, 447.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Davidson, J. & Robertson, E. (1985). A follow-up study of post partum illness, 1946–1978. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica 71, 451–457.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dunn, G. & Skuse, D. (1981). The natural history of depression in general practice: stochastic models. Psychological Medicine 11, 755–764.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Enzell, K. (1984). Mortality among persons with depressive symptoms and among responders and non-responders in a health check-up. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica 69, 89–102.Google Scholar
Essen-Möller, E., Larsson, H., Uddenberg, C. E. & White, G. (1956). Individual traits and morbidity in a Swedish rural population. Acta Psychiatrica et Neurologica Suppl. 100.Google Scholar
Feighner, J. P., Robins, E., Guze, S. B., Woodruff, R., Winokur, G. & Munoz, R. (1972). Diagnostic criteria for use in psychiatric research. Archives of General Psychiatry 26, 57–63.Google Scholar
Feinberg, M. & Carroll, B. J. (1984). Biological ‘markers’ for endogenous depression. Archives of General Psychiatry 41, 1080–1085.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Glen, A. I. M., Johnson, A. L. & Shepherd, M. (1984). Continuation therapy with lithium and amitriptyline in unipolar depressive illness: a randomized, double-blind, controlled trial. Psychological Medicine 14, 37–50.Google Scholar
Greden, J. F., Price, H. L., Genero, N., Feinberg, M. & Levine, S. (1984). Facial EMG activity levels predict treatment outcome in depression. Psychiatry Research 13, 345–352.Google Scholar
Guze, S. B. & Robins, E. (1970). Suicide and primary affective disorder. British Journal of Psychiatry 117, 437–438.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hagnell, O., Lanke, J., Rorsman, B. & Ojesjö, L. (1982). Are we entering an age of melancholy? Depressive illnesses in a prospective epidemiological study over 25 years: the Lundby Study, Sweden. Psychological Medicine 12, 279–289.Google Scholar
Helgason, L. (1977). Psychiatric services and mental illness in Iceland. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica Suppl. 268.Google Scholar
Helgason, T. (1964). Epidemiology of mental disorders in Iceland. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica Suppl. 173.Google ScholarPubMed
Jablensky, A., Sartorius, N., Gulbinat, W. & Ernberg, G. (1981). Characteristics of depressive patients contacting psychiatric services in four cultures. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica 63, 367–383.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Keller, M. B., Klerman, G. L., Lavori, P. W., Coryell, W., Endicott, J. & Taylor, J. (1984). Long-term outcome of episodes of major depression. Journal of the American Medical Association 252, 788–792.Google Scholar
Kendell, R. E. (1976). The classification of depressions: a review of contemporary confusion. British Journal of Psychiatry 129, 15–28.Google Scholar
Kendell, R. E. & Brockington, I. F. (1980). The identification of disease entities and the relationship between schizophrenia and the affective psychoses. British Journal of Psychiatry 137, 324–331.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Klerman, G. L. (1978). Affective disorders. In The Harvard Guide to Modern Psychiatry (ed. Armand, M. and Nicholi, M. D.), pp. 253–281. Belknap Press: Cambridge, Mass.Google Scholar
Kraepelin, E. (1921). Manic – Depressive Insanity and Paranoia (transl. Barclay, R. M.). Livingstone: Edinburgh.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Maas, J. W., Koslow, S. H., Katz, M. M., Bowden, C. L., Gibbons, R. L., Stokes, P. E., Robins, E. & Davis, J. M. (1984). Pretreatment neurotransmitter metabolite levels and response to tricyclic antidepressant drugs. American Journal of Psychiatry 141, 1159–1171.Google ScholarPubMed
Medical Research Council. Clinical Psychiatry Committee (1965). Clinical trial of the treatment of depressive illness. British Medical Journal i, 881–886.Google Scholar
Myers, J. K., Weissman, M. M., Tischler, G. L., Holzer, C. E., Leaf, P. J., Orvaschel, H., Anthony, J. C., Boyd, J. H., Burke, J. D., Kramer, M. & Stolzman, R. (1984). Six-month prevalence of psychiatric disorders in three communities. Archives of General Psychiatry 41, 959–967.Google Scholar
Nielsen, J. (1976). The Samsö project from 1957 to 1974. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica 54, 198.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Paykel, E. S., Prusoff, B. A. & Tanner, J. (1976). Temporal stability of symptom patterns in depression. British Journal of Psychiatry 128, 369–374.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Prien, R. F., Kupfer, D. J., Mansky, P. A., Small, J. G., Tuason, V. B., Voss, C. B. & Johnson, W. E. (1984). Drug therapy in the prevention of recurrences in unipolar and bipolar affective disorders. Archives of General Psychiatry 41, 1096–1104Google Scholar
Quitkin, F. M., Gittelman-Klein, R., Rifkin, A., & Klein, D. (1975). Atypical signs of relapse in affective disorders. Diseases of the Nervous System 36, 145–146.Google ScholarPubMed
Robins, L. N., Helzer, J. E., Weissman, M. M., Orvaschel, H., Gruenberg, E., Burke, J. D. & Regier, D. A. (1984). Lifetime prevalence of specific psychiatric disorders in three sites. Archives of General Psychiatry 41, 949–958.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sartorius, N. (1978). Depressive disorders, a major public health problem. In Mood Disorders: The World's Major Public Health Problem (ed. Ayd, F. J. and Taylor, I. J.). pp. 1–8. Ayd Medical Communications, Baltimore, Md.Google Scholar
Sartorius, N., Davidian, H., Ernberg, G., Fenton, F. R., Fujii, I., Gastpar, M., Gulbinat, W., Jablensky, A, Kielholz, P., Lehmann, H. E., Naraghi, M., Shimizu, M., Shinfuku, N. & Takahashi, R. (1983). Depressive Disorders in Different Cultures. WHO: Geneva.Google Scholar
Saugstad, L. F. & Ødegaard, Ø. (1979). Mortality in psychiatric hospitals in Norway 1950–74. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica 59, 431–447.Google ScholarPubMed
Schildkraut, J. J., Orsulak, P. J., Schatzberg, A. F., Gudeman, J. E., Cole, J. O., Rohde, W. A. & Labrie, R. A. (1978). Toward a biochemical classification of depressive disorders. Archives of General Psychiatry 35, 1427–1433.Google Scholar
Sheldrick, C., Jablensky, A., Sartorius, N. & Shepherd, M. (1977). Schizophrenia succeeded by affective illness: catamnestic study and statistical enquiry. Psychological Medicine 7, 619–624.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Spitzer, R. L., Endicott, J. & Robins, E. (1977). Research Diagnostic Criteria (RDC) for a Seclected Group of Functional Disorders (3rd edn). New York State Psychiatric Institute: New York.Google Scholar
Strömgren, E. (1938). Beiträge zur psychiatrischen Erblehre, auf Grund von Untersuchungen an einer Inselbevölkerung. Acta Psychiatrica et Neurologica Suppl. 19.Google Scholar
Träskman, L., Åsberg, M., Bertilsson, L. & Sjostrand, L. (1981). Monoamine metabolites in CSF and suicidal behaviour. Archives of General Psychiatry 38, 631–636.Google Scholar
Tsuang, M. T. (1978). Suicide in schizophrenics, manics, depressives, and surgical controls. Archives of General Psychiatry 35, 153–155.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Tsuang, M. T. (1980). Social effects of schizophrenia and affective disorders. In The Social Consequences of Psychiatric Illness (ed. Robins, L. N., Clayton, P. J. and Wing, J. K.), pp. 209–215. Brunner/ Mazel: New York.Google Scholar
Tsuang, M. T. & Woolson, J. R. F. (1978). Excess mortality in schizophrenia and affective disorders. Archives of General Psychiatry 35, 1181–1185.Google Scholar
Tsuang, M. T., Woolson, J. R. F. & Fleming, J. A. (1980). Premature deaths in schizophrenia and affective disorders. Archives of General Psychiatry 37, 979–983.Google Scholar
Videbech, T. (1975). A study of genetic factors, childhood bereavement, and premorbid personality traits in patients with anancastic endogenous depression. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica 52, 178–222.Google Scholar
Weissman, M. M. (1985). Does psychiatric epidemiology count for the clinician?Paper presented at Special Lecture Series, 138th Annual Meeting of the American Psychiatric Association,Dallas, Texas, May 1985.Google Scholar
Wing, J. K., Cooper, J. E. & Sartorius, N. (1974). The Measurement and Classification of Psychiatric Symptoms. Cambridge University Press: Cambridge.Google Scholar
Winokur, G. (1975). The Iowa 500: heterogeneity and course in manic-depressive illness (bipolar). Comprehensive Psychiatry 16, 125–131.Google Scholar
World Health Organization (1978). Mental Disorders: Glossary and Guide to their Classification in Accordance with the Ninth Revision of the International Classification of Diseases. WHO: Geneva.Google Scholar
World Health Organization (1979). Schizophrenia: An International Follow-up Study. Wiley & Sons: Chichester.Google Scholar