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Neuropsychological deficits in past suicide attempters with varying levels of depression severity

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 April 2014

J. G. Keilp ,
S. R. Beers ,
A. K. Burke ,
N. M. Melhem ,
M. A. Oquendo ,
D. A. Brent  and
J. J. Mann
J. G. Keilp*
Affiliation:
Department of Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
S. R. Beers
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
A. K. Burke
Affiliation:
Department of Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
N. M. Melhem
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
M. A. Oquendo
Affiliation:
Department of Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
D. A. Brent
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
J. J. Mann
Affiliation:
Department of Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
*
*Address for correspondence: J. G. Keilp, Ph.D., Box 42, NYSPI, 1051 Riverside Drive, New York, New York 10032, USA. (Email: [email protected])
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Abstract

Background

Our previous work identified deficits in interference processing and learning/memory in past suicide attempters who were currently depressed and medication-free. In this study, we extend this work to an independent sample studied at various stages of illness and treatment (mild symptoms, on average) to determine if these deficits in past suicide attempters are evident during a less severe clinical state.

Method

A total of 80 individuals with a past history of major depression and suicide attempt were compared with 81 individuals with a history of major depression and no lifetime suicide attempts on a battery of neurocognitive measures assessing attention, memory, abstract/contingent learning, working memory, language fluency and impulse control.

Results

Past attempters performed more poorly in attention, memory and working memory domains, but also in an estimate of pre-morbid intelligence. After correction for this estimate, tests that had previously distinguished past attempters – a computerized Stroop task and the Buschke Selective Reminding Test – remained significantly worse in attempters. In a secondary analysis, similar differences were found among those with the lowest levels of depression (Hamilton Depression Rating Scale score <10), suggesting that these deficits may be trait markers independent of current symptomatology.

Conclusions

Deficits in interference processing and learning/memory constitute an enduring defect in information processing that may contribute to poor adaptation, other higher-order cognitive impairments and risk for suicidal behavior.

Keywords

Attentiondepressionmemoryneuropsychologicalsuicidal behavior
Type
Original Articles
Information
Psychological Medicine , Volume 44 , Issue 14 , October 2014 , pp. 2965 - 2974
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2014 

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