Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-gvvz8 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-23T00:21:30.809Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

The inner side of wisdom: suicide in early modern England

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 July 2009

Michael MacDonald*
Affiliation:
From the University of Wisconsin, Madison, USA
*
1Address for correspondence: Professor Michael MacDonald, Department of History, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA.

Synopsis

This essay traces the shifting perception of the nature and prevalence of suicide in early modern England. Suicide is presented as one form of deviance contemporaries recognized and is used to illuminate the history of mental disorder in its social and intellectual context.

Daft Meg [an idiot and suicide] was a sort of household familiar among us, and there was much like the inner side of wisdom in the pattern of her sayings, many of which are still preserved as proverbs.

John Galt, Annals of the Parish, p. 126.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1977

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Adams, Thomas (1615). Mystical Bedlam, or the World of Mad-Men. London.Google Scholar
Add. MS. British Museum. Additional Manuscript 27632, fos. 125–125v.Google Scholar
Ashmole. Bodleian Library. Ashmole Manuscripts. (Cited by manuscript number and folio number.)Google Scholar
Aubrey, John (1972 a). Observations. In Three Prose Works (ed. Buchanan-Brown, John), p. 352. Southern Illinois University Press: Carbondale.Google Scholar
Aubrey, John (1972 b). Aubrey's Brief Lives (ed. Dick, O.), pp. 215216. Penguin: Harmondsworth.Google Scholar
Babb, Lawrence (1951). The Elizabethan Malady. Michigan State University Press: East Lansing.Google Scholar
Bamborough, J. B. (1952). The Little World of Man. Longmans: London.Google Scholar
Barthel, Roland (1960). Suicide in eighteenth-century England. Huntington Library Quarterly 23, 145148.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Anglicus, Bartholomeus (1535). De Proprietibus rerum, p. lxxxvii. London.Google Scholar
Bellamy, John (1973). Crime and Public Order in the Later Middle Ages, pp. 3233. Routledge & Kegan Paul: London.Google Scholar
Black, W. H. (1845). A Descriptive, Analytical, and Critical Catalogue of the Manuscripts Bequeathed unto the University of Oxford by Elias Ashmole. Oxford University Press: Oxford.Google Scholar
Bohannan, Paul (ed.) (1967). African Homicide and Suicide. Antheneum: New York.Google Scholar
Bramston, John (1845). The Autobiography of Sir John Bramston (ed. Bramston, T. W.), pp. 377378. Camden Society, no. 32.Google Scholar
Bullinger, H. (1849). The Decades of Henry Bullinger, vol. 1 (ed. Harding, Thomas), pp. 414415. Cambridge University Press: London.Google Scholar
Bunyan, John (1966). Grace Abounding to the Chief of Sinners and Pilgrim's Progress (ed. Sharrock, R.). Oxford University Press: London.Google Scholar
Burton, Robert (1968). Anatomy of Melancholy (3 vols.). Everyman: London.Google Scholar
Byrd, Max (1974). Visits to Bedlam: Madness and Literature in the Eighteenth Century. University of South Carolina Press: Columbia.Google Scholar
Campbell, L. B. (1968). Shakespeare's Tragic Heroes. Barnes & Noble: New York.Google Scholar
Capp, B. S. (1972). The Fifth Monarchy Men, pp. 9596. Faber & Faber: London.Google Scholar
Clarendon, Earl of (1968). Selections from Clarendon (ed. Huehns, C.), pp. 5861. Oxford University Press: London.Google Scholar
Dalton, Michael (1626). The Countrey Justice (3rd edn), pp. 234235, 243. London.Google Scholar
Dee, John (1842). The Private Diary of John Dee (ed. Halliwell, J. O.), pp. 3536. Camden Society, no. 19.Google Scholar
DePorte, M. V. (1974). Nightmares and Hobbyhorses: Swift, Sterne, and Augustan Madness. Huntington Library: San Marino.Google Scholar
DNB Dictionary of National Biography.Google Scholar
Donne, John (1930). Biathanatos. Facsimile Text Society: New York.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Doob, P. B. R. (1974). Nebuchadnezzar's Children: Conventions of Madness in Middle English Literature, p. 113. Yale University Press: New Haven.Google Scholar
Doughty, Oswald (1926). The English malady of the eighteenth century. Review of English Studies 2, 257269.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Douglas, Jack D. (1970). The Social Meanings of Suicide, ch. 12; Appendix II. Princeton University Press: Princeton.Google Scholar
Ebner, Dean (1971). Autobiography in Seventeenth-century England, pp. 28, 49. Mouton: The Hague.Google Scholar
Essex CRO. Essex County Record Office, Queen's Bench Indictments, Ancient. File 693, part ii, no. 235. (Transcript.)Google Scholar
Evelyn, John (1955). The Diary of John Evelyn (5 vols.) (ed. de Beer, E. S.). Oxford University Press: Oxford.Google Scholar
Farberow, N. L. (1975). Suicide in Different Cultures. University Park Press: Baltimore.Google Scholar
Fedden, H. R. (1938). Suicide. Peter Davies: London.Google Scholar
Forbes, Thomas R. (1971). Chronicle from Aldgate, pp. 31, 171–172. Yale University Press: New Haven.Google Scholar
Fox, George (1969). The Journal of George Fox (ed. Jones, R. M.), pp. 36. Everyman: London.Google Scholar
Foxe, John (1965). The Acts and Monuments, vol. 6 (ed. Townsend, G.), p. 715. AMS Press: New York.Google Scholar
Galt, John (n.d.). Annals of the Parish. Everyman: London.Google Scholar
Garfinkel, Harold (1967). Studies in Ethnomethodology, ch. 1. Prentice-Hall: Englewood Cliffs, N.J.Google Scholar
Goffman, Erving (1961). Asylums. Anchor: Garden City, N.Y.Google Scholar
Hair, P. E. H. (1970). A note on the incidence of Tudor suicide. Local Population Studies 5, 3643.Google Scholar
Hair, P. E. H. (1971). Deaths from violence in Britain: a tentative secular survey. Population Studies 25 (1), 524.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Haller, William (1957). The Rise of Puritanism, ch. 4. Harper: New York.Google Scholar
Hey, David (1974). An English Rural Community: Myddle under the Tudors and the Stuarts, pp. 212213. Leicester University Press: Leicester.Google Scholar
Heywood, Oliver (18811885). His Autiobiographies, Diaries, Anecdote and Event Books (4 vols.). Privately printed: Bingley.Google Scholar
Hill, J. E. Christopher (1972). The World Turned Upside Down, pp. 231241. Temple Smith: London.Google Scholar
Hobbes, Thomas (1840). The English Works, vol. 6 (ed. Molesworth, W.), pp. 8889. John Bohn: London.Google Scholar
Hooper, John (1852). The Later Writings of Bishop Hooper (ed. Nevison, C.), pp. 379380. Cambridge University Press: London.Google Scholar
Hunisett, R. F. (1969). A Calendar of Nottinghamshire Coroners' Inquests, 14851558. Thoroton Society, no. 25. Nottingham.Google Scholar
Hunter, Richard & Macalpine, Ida (1963). Three Hundred Years of Psychiatry. Oxford University Press: London.Google Scholar
James, Mervyn (1974). Family, Lineage, and Civil Society. Oxford University Press: Oxford.Google Scholar
Jones, Kathleen (1973). A History of the Mental Health Service. Routledge & Kegan Paul: London.Google Scholar
KB. Public Record Office, King's Bench, 9.Google Scholar
Kiev, Ari (1972). Transcultural Psychiatry. Penguin: Harmondsworth.Google Scholar
Knappen, M. M. (1966). Two Elizabethan Puritan Diaries, p. 65. Peter Smith: Gloucester, Mass.Google Scholar
Laslett, Peter (1971). The World We Have Lost (2nd edn), pp. 145147. Methuen: London.Google Scholar
Leech, Clifford (1962). Le dénoument par le suicide dans la tragedie élisabéthaine et jacobéenne. In Le Théâtre Tragioque (ed. Jaquet, Jean), pp. 179197. CNRS: Paris.Google Scholar
Lyons, B. G. (1971). Voices of Melancholy. Barnes & Noble: New York.Google Scholar
MacDonald, M. P. (1976). Stress, anxiety and family life in seventeenth-century England. Unpublished paper. Pacific Coast Conference on British Studies. Stanford.Google Scholar
More, Henry (1656). Enthusiasmus Triumphatus. London.Google Scholar
Newcome, Henry (1849). The Diary of the Rev. Henry Newcome (ed. Heywood, T.). Chetham Society, no. 28.Google Scholar
Notestein, Wallace (1968). A History of Witchcraft in England, p. 416. Thomas Y. Crowell: New York.Google Scholar
Oosterveen, Karla (1970). Deaths by suicide, drowning, and misadventure in Hawkshead, 1620–1700. Local Population Studies 4, 1720.Google Scholar
Parry-Jones, W. L. (1972). The Trade in Lunacy. Routledge & Kegan Paul: London.Google Scholar
Pike, L. O. (1876). A History of Crime, vol. 1. London.Google Scholar
PRO C 142. Public Record Office. Chancery 142/718, fo. 152.Google Scholar
Radzinowicz, Leon (1948). A History of English Criminal Law, vol. 1, pp. 195197, 217. Stevens: London.Google Scholar
Reed, Robert R. (1952). Bedlam on the Jacobean Stage. Harvard: Cambridge, Mass.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rogers, John (1653). Ohel or Bethshemesh, pp. 354450. London.Google Scholar
Scheff, Thomas (1966). Being Mentally Ill. Aldine: Chicago.Google Scholar
Scull, Andrew T. (1975). From madness to mental illness. Archives européennes de sociologie 16, 218251.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Seaver, Paul S. (1976). Seventeenth-Century England. Franklin Wats: New York.Google Scholar
Sena, John F. (1973). Melancholic madness and the Puritans. Harvard Theological Review 46, 293309.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Snyder, Susan (1965). The left hand of God: despair in medieval and renaissance tradition. Studies in the Renaissance 12, 49, 5057.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Spencer, Theodore (1960). Death and the Elizabethans, pp. 141, 158–179, 218, 233, 251, 252. Pageant: New York.Google Scholar
Spenser, Edmund (1965). Books I and II of the Faerie Queene (ed. Kellogg, R. and Steele, O.), p. 187. Odyssey: New York.Google Scholar
Sprott, S. E. (1961). The English Debate on Suicide. Open Court: La Salle, Ill.Google Scholar
STAC 8. Public Record Office. Star Chamber 8.Google Scholar
Stavig, Mark (1968). John Ford and the Traditional Moral Order, pp. 141, 158, 162, 163. University of Wisconsin Press: Madison.Google Scholar
Stengel, Erwin (1969). Suicide and Attempted Suicide. Penguin: Harmondsworth.Google Scholar
Stone, Lawrence (1975). The rise of the nuclear family. In The Family in History (ed. Rosenberg, C. E.), pp. 1357. University of Pennsylvania Press: n.p.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Strype, John (1822). Ecclesiastical Memorials Relating Chiefly to Religion, vol. 3, part 1. Clarendon Press: Oxford.Google Scholar
Sym, John (1637). Lifes Preservative against Self-Killing. London.Google Scholar
Taylor, Laurie (1971). Deviance and Society, pp. 201210. Michael Joseph: London.Google Scholar
Thomas, Keith (1971). Religion and the Decline of Magic. Scribners: New York.Google Scholar
Wallington, Neamiah (n.d.). Guildhall Library Manuscript 204.Google Scholar
Walzer, Michael (1969). The Revolution of the Saints, Conclusion. Antheneum: New York.Google Scholar
Watkins, Oliver (1972). The Puritan Experience, pp. 811, 42, 65. Routledge & Kegan Paul: London.Google Scholar
Watson, Curtis B. (1960). Shakespeare and the Renaissance Concept of Honor, pp. 117123, 341–345. Princeton University Press: Princeton.Google Scholar
Wilkins, James L. (1970). Producing suicides. American Behavioral Scientist 14, 185201.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wingate, E. (1661). Justice Revived, pp. 66, 81, 88. London.Google Scholar
Wright, Louis B. (1964). Middle Class Culture in Elizabethan England, pp. 588592. Methuen: London.Google Scholar
Wright, Thomas (1604). The Passions of the Minde in Generall (2nd edn). London.Google Scholar
Wrightson, Keith (1973). The Puritan reformation of manners with special reference to the Counties of Lancashire and Essex, 1640–1660. Ph.D. dissertation, University of Cambridge.Google Scholar