Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-gvvz8 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-23T00:34:32.846Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Factor analysis of a sleep evaluation questionnaire

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 July 2009

A. C. Parrott  and
I. Hindmarch
A. C. Parrott*
Affiliation:
the Department of Psychology, University of Leeds
I. Hindmarch
Affiliation:
the Department of Psychology, University of Leeds
*
1Address for correspondence: Dr A. C. Parrott, Department of Psychology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT.
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Synopsis

A self-completion sleep evaluation questionnaire (SEQ), consisting of 10 cm line analogue rating scale questions, was constructed to investigate subjects' responses to aspects of sleep and early morning behaviour. The questions were grouped into 4 chronological areas: the ease of getting to sleep (GTS), the perceived quality of sleep (QOS), the ease of awakening from sleep (AFS), and the integrity of early morning behaviour following wakefulness (BFW). Five hundred and one SEQs were completed during several investigations into the comparative effectiveness of hypnotic drugs. The classical factor analysis produced 4 factors which corresponded to the 4 aspects of sleep and early morning behaviour listed above. The GTS and QOS factors were positively correlated (+ 0·57), as were the AFS and BFW factors (+ 0·48). The 2 sleeping state factors (GTS and QOS) were orthogonal to the 2 waking state factors (AFS and BFW).

Type
Research Article
Information
Psychological Medicine , Volume 8 , Issue 2 , May 1978 , pp. 325 - 329
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1978

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Bixler, E. O., Scharf, M. B. & Kales, A. (1972). The effects of drugs on sleep and performance. In NATO Symposium: Aviemore, Scotland (Mimeograph).Google Scholar
Bond, A.J. & Lader, M. H. (1972). Residual effects of hypnotics. Psychopharmacologia (Berlin) 25, 117–132.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bond, A.J. & Lader, M. H. (1974). The use of analogue scales in rating subjective feelings. British Journal of Medical Psychology 47, 211–218.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Firth, H. (1974). Sleeping pills and dream content. British Journal of Psychiatry 124, 547–553.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hartmann, E. & Cravens, J. (1973). The effects of long-term administration of psychotropic drugs on human sleep: methodology and the effects of placebo. Psychopharmacologia (Berlin) 33, 153–167.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Haynes, S. N., Follingstad, D. R. & McGowan, W. T. (1974). Insomnia: sleep patterns and anxiety level. Journal of Psychosomatic Research 18, 69–74.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hindmarch, I. (1975). A 1, 4-benzodiazepine, temazepam (K 3917), its effect on some psychological parameters of sleep and behaviour. Arzneimittel-Forschung (Drug Research) 25(11), 1836–1839.Google Scholar
Hindmarch, I. (1976). A sub-chronic study of the subjective quality of sleep and psychological measures of performance on the morning following night time medication with temazepam. Arzneimittel-Forschung (Drug Research) 26(11), 2113–2116.Google Scholar
Hindmarch, I. & Parrott, A. C. (1978). The effect of a subchronic administration of three dose levels (20, 30, 40 mg) of a 1, 5 benzodiazepine derivative, clobazam, on subjective assessments of sleep and aspects of psychomotor performance the morning following night time medication. Arzneimittel-Forschung (Drug Research) (in the press).Google Scholar
Hindmarch, I., Parrott, A. C. & Arenillas, L. (1977). A repeated dose comparison of dichloralphenzone, fluni-trazepam and amylobarbitone on some aspects of sleep and early morning behaviour in normal subjects. British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology 4, 229–233.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mathew, H., Proudfoot, A. T., Aitken, R. C. B., Raeburn, J. A. & Wright, N. (1969). Nitrazepam – a safe hypnotic. British Medical Journal iii, 23–25.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
NATO (1972). Nato Symposium on sleep, Aviemore, Scotland.Google Scholar
Norris, H. (1971). The action of sedatives on brain stem oculomotor systems in man. Neuropharmacology 10, 181–191.Google Scholar