Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-dsjbd Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-28T14:16:49.872Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

The endogenous—neurotic distinction as a predictor of response to antidepressant drugs

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 July 2009

Allen Raskin  and
Thomas H. Crook
Allen Raskin*
Affiliation:
Psychopharmacology Research Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Rockville, Maryland
Thomas H. Crook
Affiliation:
Psychopharmacology Research Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Rockville, Maryland
*
*Correspondence and reprint requests should be addressed to Allen Raskin, Ph.D., Psychopharmacology Research Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, 5600 Fishers Lane, Room 9–101, Rockville, Maryland 20852, U.S.A.
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Synopsis

An inverse factor analysis of 880 depressed inpatients on 33 endogenous–neurotic variables yielded four patient types. Type 3 resembled the endogenous depressions and Type 2 the neurotic depressions. Type 3 patients responded well to both imipramine and chlorpromazine and did poorly on a placebo. Type 2 patients showed the greatest overall improvement at three weeks irrespective of treatment received, including a placebo.

Type
Research Article
Information
Psychological Medicine , Volume 6 , Issue 1 , February 1976 , pp. 59 - 70
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1976

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Abraham, H. C., Kanter, U. B., Rosen, I. & Standen, J. L. (1963). A controlled clinical trial of imipramine (Tofranil) with outpatients. British Journal of Psychiatry 109, 286–293.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Alexander, L. (1953). Treatment of Mental Disorder. Saunders: Philadelphia.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Blair, D. (1960). Treatment of severe depression by imipramine (Tofranil). Journal of Mental Science 106, 891–905.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Burdock, E. I., Hardesty, A. S., Hakerem, G. & Zubin, J. A. (1960). A ward behaviour-rating scale for mental patients. Journal of Clinical Psychology 16, 246–247.3.0.CO;2-Y>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Buss, A. H. & Durkee, A. (1957). An inventory for assessing different kinds of hostility. Journal of Consulting Psychology 24, 343–349.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Committee on Nomenclature and Statistics of the American Psychiatric Association (1952). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual: Mental Disorders. American Psychiatric Association: Washington, D.C.Google Scholar
Cook, L. C. (1944). Convulsive therapy. Journal of Mental Science 90, 435–464.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Delay, J. & Deniker, P. (1959). Efficacy of Tofranil in the treatment of various types of depression: a comparison with other antidepressant drugs. Canadian Psychiatric Association Journal 4, 5100–5112.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fleminger, J. J. & Groden, B. M. (1962). Clinical features of depression and the response to imipramine (‘Tofranil’). Journal of Mental Science 108, 101–104.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Frank, J. D., Gliedman, L. H., Imber, S. D., Nash, E. H. Sr & Stone, A. R. (1957). Why patients leave psychotherapy. Archives of Neurology and Psychiatry 77, 284–299.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Friedhoff, A. J. & Alpert, M. (1960). The effect of chlorpromazine on the variability of motor task performance in schizophrenics. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease 130, 110–116.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Friedman, A. S. (1964). Minimal effects of severe depression on cognitive functioning. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology 69, 237–243.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Friedman, C., De Mowbray, M. S. & Hamilton, V. (1961). Imipramine (Tofranil) in depressive states. Journal of Mental Science 107, 948–953.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fruchter, B. (1954). Introduction to Factor Analysis, pp. 176–179. Van Nostrand: Princeton, N.J.Google Scholar
Garmany, G. (1958). Depressive states: their aetiology and treatment. British Medical Journal 2, 341–344.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Grinker, R. R., Miller, J., Sabshin, M., Nunn, R. & Nunnally, J. C. (1961). The Phenomena of Depressions. Harper & Row: New York.Google Scholar
Hays, W. L. (1963). Statistics for Psychologists, pp. 186–187. Holt, Rinehart & Winston: New York.Google Scholar
Katz, M. M. & Lyerly, S. B. (1963). Methods for measuring adjustment and social behavior in the community. I. Rationale, description, discriminative validity and scale development. Psychological Reports 13, 503–535.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Keup, W., Apolito, A., Olinger, L., Schwartz, M. & Yachnes, E. (1960). Tofranil (imipramine) in the treatment of depressive states. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease 130, 146–150.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kiloh, L. G., Ball, J. R. B. & Garside, R. F. (1962). Prognostic factors in treatment of depressive states with imipramine. British Medical Journal i, 1225–1227.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kiloh, L. G. & Garside, R. F. (1963). The independence of neurotic depression and endogenous depression. British Journal of Psychiatry 109, 451–463.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Klerman, G. L. & Cole, J. O. (1965). Clinical pharmacology of imipramine and related antidepressant compounds. Pharmacological Reviews 17, 101–141.Google ScholarPubMed
Kuhn, R. (1958). The treatment of depressive states with G-22355 (imipramine hydrochloride). American Journal of Psychiatry 115, 459–464.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lemene, F. (1959). Negative results in the treatment of depression with imipramine hydrochloride. American Journal of Psychiatry 116, 258–259.Google Scholar
Lorr, M., Klett, C. J., McNair, D. M. & Lasky, J. J. (1963). Inpatient Multidimensional Psychiatric Scale, Manual. Consulting Psychologists Press: Palo Alto.Google Scholar
McNair, D. M., Kahn, R. J., Droppleman, L. F. & Fisher, S. (1968). Patients' acquiescence and drug effects. In Rickels, K. (ed.), Non-Specific Factors in Drug Therapy. Thomas: Springfield.Google Scholar
Mendels, J. & Cochrane, C. (1968). The nosology of depression: the endogenous–reactive concept. American Journal of Psychiatry 124, suppl., 1–11.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Overall, J. E. (1974). Methodologic issues in the epidemiology of treatment resistant depression. Pharmakopsychiatric Neuro-Psychopharmakologie 7, 129–138.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Overall, J. E. & Gorham, D. R. (1960). The Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale. Psychological Reports 10, 799–812.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Parloff, M. B., Kelman, H. C. & Frank, J. D. (1954). Comfort, effectiveness and self-awareness as criteria of improvement in psychotherapy. American Journal of Psychiatry 111, 343–351.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Paykel, E. S. (1971). Classification of depressed patients: a cluster analysis derived grouping. British Journal of Psychiatry 118, 275–288.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Paykel, E. S. (1972). Depressive typologies and response to amitriptyline. British Journal of Psychiatry 120, 147–156.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Paykel, E. S., Klerman, G. J. & Prusoff, B. A. (1974). Prognosis of depression and the endogenous—neurotic distinction. Psychological Medicine 4, 57–64.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Raskin, A. & McKeon, J. J. (1971). Super-factors of psychopathology in hospitalized depressed patients. Journal of Psychiatric Research 9, 11–19.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Raskin, A., Schulterbrandt, J. G., Boothe, H., Reatig, N. & McKeon, J. J. (1972). Some suggestions for selecting appropriate depression subgroups for biochemical studies. In Williams, T. (ed.), Recent Advances in the Psychobiology of the Depressive Illness. Government Printing Office: Washington, D.C.Google Scholar
Raskin, A., Schulterbrandt, J. G., Reatig, N., Crook, T. H. & Odle, D. (1974). Depression subtypes and response to phenelzine, diazepam, and a placebo: results of a ninehospital collaborative study. Archives of General Psychiatry 30, 66–75.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Raskin, A., Schulterbrandt, J. G., Reatig, N. & McKeon, J. J. (1970). Differential response to chlorpromazine, imipramine, and placebo: a study of subgroups of hospitalized depressed patients. Archives of General Psychiatry 23, 164–173.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Richmond, P. W. & Roberts, A. H. (1964). A comparative trial of imipramine, amitriptyline, isocarboxazid and tranylcypromine in outpatient depressive illness. British Journal of Psychiatry 110, 846–850.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sargant, W. & Slater, E. (1946). An Introduction to Physical Methods of Treatment in Psychiatry. Livingstone: Edinburgh.Google Scholar
Spear, F. G., Hall, P. & Stirland, P. (1964). A comparison of subjective responses to imipramine and tranylcypromine. British Journal of Psychiatry 110, 53–55.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Winer, B. J. (1962). Statistical Principles in Experimental Design, p. 87. McGraw-Hill: New York.CrossRefGoogle Scholar