Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-dsjbd Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-25T06:16:48.974Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Co-occurrence of psychotic experiences and common mental health conditions across four racially and ethnically diverse population samples

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  24 April 2014

J. E. DeVylder ,
D. Burnette  and
L. H. Yang
J. E. DeVylder*
Affiliation:
Columbia University School of Social Work, New York, NY, USA
D. Burnette
Affiliation:
Columbia University School of Social Work, New York, NY, USA
L. H. Yang
Affiliation:
Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
*
*Address for correspondence: J. E. DeVylder, M.S., Columbia University School of Social Work, 1255 Amsterdam Avenue, 9th floor, New York, NY 10027, USA. (Email: [email protected])
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Background.

Prior research with racially/ethnically homogeneous samples has demonstrated widespread co-occurrence of psychotic experiences (PEs) and common mental health conditions, particularly multi-morbidity, suggesting that psychosis may be related to the overall severity of psychiatric disorder rather than any specific subtype. In this study we aimed to examine whether PEs are associated with the presence of specific disorders or multi-morbidity of co-occurring disorders across four large racially/ethnically diverse samples of adults in the USA.

Method.

Data were drawn from the National Comorbidity Survey Replication (NCS-R), the National Survey of American Life (NSAL) and separately from the Asian and Latino subsamples of the National Latino and Asian American Study (NLAAS). Logistic regression models were used to examine the relationship between PEs and individual subtypes of DSM-IV disorder, and to test for a linear dose–response relationship between the number of subtypes and PEs.

Results.

Prevalence of PEs was moderately greater among individuals with each subtype of disorder in each data set [odds ratios (ORs) 1.8–3.8], although associations were only variably significant when controlling for clinical and demographic variables. However, the sum of disorder subtypes was related to odds for PEs in a linear dose–response fashion across all four samples.

Conclusions.

PEs are related primarily to the extent or severity of psychiatric illness, as indicated by the presence of multiple psychiatric disorders, rather than to any particular subtype of disorder in these data. This relationship applies to the general population and across diverse racial/ethnic groups.

Keywords

AnxietycontinuumdepressionepidemiologyethnicitypsychosisPTSDraceschizophreniasubstance use
Type
Original Articles
Information
Psychological Medicine , Volume 44 , Issue 16 , December 2014 , pp. 3503 - 3513
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2014 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Alegría, M, Jackson, JS, Kessler, RC, Takeuchi, D (2007 a). Collaborative Psychiatric Epidemiology Surveys (CPES), 2001–2003 [United States] ICPSR20240-v5. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research: Ann Arbor, MI.Google Scholar
Alegría, M, Jackson, JS, Kessler, RC, Takeuchi, D (2007 b). National Comorbidity Survey Replication (NCS-R). In Collaborative Psychiatric Epidemiology Surveys (CPES), 2001–2003 [United States]. ICPSR20240-v5. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research: Ann Arbor, MI.Google Scholar
Alegría, M, Takeuchi, D (2007). National Latino and Asian American Study (NLAAS). In Collaborative Psychiatric Epidemiology Surveys (CPES), 2001–2003 [United States] ICPSR20240-v5 (PIs: Alegría, M., Jackson, J. S., Kessler, R. C. and Takeuchi, D.). Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research: Ann Arbor, MI.Google Scholar
Alegría, M, Takeuchi, D, Canino, G, Duan, N, Shrout, P, Meng, XL, Vega, W, Zane, N, Vila, D, Woo, M, Vera, M, Guarnaccia, P, Aguilar-Gaxiola, S, Sue, S, Excobar, J, Lin, KM, Gong, F (2004). Considering context, place and culture: the National Latino and Asian American Study. International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research 13, 208–220.Google Scholar
APA (2013). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition. DSM-5. American Psychiatric Publishing: Arlington, VA.Google Scholar
Breslau, J, Aguilar-Gaxiola, S, Kendler, KS, Su, M, Williams, D, Kessler, KC (2006). Specifying race-ethnic differences in risk for psychiatric disorder in a USA national sample. Psychological Medicine 36, 57–68.Google Scholar
Buckley, PF, Miller, BJ, Lehrer, DS, Castle, DJ (2009). Psychiatric comorbidities and schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Bulletin 35, 383–402.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cloitre, M, Stolbach, BC, Herman, JL, Kolk, BVD, Pynoos, R, Wang, J, Petkova, E (2009). A developmental approach to complex PTSD: childhood and adult cumulative trauma as predictors of symptom complexity. Journal of Traumatic Stress 22, 399–408.Google Scholar
Cohen, CI, Marino, L (2013). Racial and ethnic differences in the prevalence of psychotic symptoms in the general population. Psychiatric Services 64, 1103–1109.Google Scholar
Cohen, CI, Marino, L (2014). Prevalence of psychotic symptoms: in reply. Psychiatric Services 65, 270–271.Google Scholar
Cross-Disorder Group of the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium (2013). Genetic relationship between five psychiatric disorders estimated from genome-wide SNPs. Nature Genetics 45, 984–994.Google Scholar
Dean, K, Stevens, H, Mortensen, PB, Murray, RM, Walsh, E, Pedersen, CB (2010). Full spectrum of psychiatric outcomes among offspring with parental history of mental disorder. Archives of General Psychiatry 67, 822–829.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Degenhardt, L, Hall, W (2001). The association between psychosis and problematical drug use among Australian adults: findings from the National Survey of Mental Health and Well-Being. Psychological Medicine 31, 659–668.Google Scholar
DeVylder, JE (2014). Prevalence of psychotic symptoms. Psychiatric Services 65, 270.Google Scholar
DeVylder, JE, Lukens, EP (2013). Family history of schizophrenia as a risk factor for axis I psychiatric conditions. Journal of Psychiatric Research 47, 181–187.Google Scholar
Dohrenwend, BP (1990). The problem of validity in field studies of psychological disorders revisited. Psychological Medicine 20, 195–208.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Douglas, KR, Chan, G, Gelernter, J, Arias, AJ, Anton, RF, Weiss, RD, Brady, K, Poling, J, Farrer, L, Kranzler, HR (2010). Adverse childhood events as risk factors for substance dependence: partial mediation by mood and anxiety disorders. Addictive Behaviors 35, 7–13.Google Scholar
Ducci, F, Roy, A, Shen, PH, Yuan, Q, Yuan, NP, Hodgkinson, CA, Goldman, LR, Goldman, D (2009). Association of substance use disorders with childhood trauma but not African genetic heritage in an African American cohort. American Journal of Psychiatry 166, 1031–1040.Google Scholar
Fisher, HL, Caspi, A, Poulton, R, Meier, MH, Houts, R, Harrington, H, Arseneault, L, Moffitt, TE (2013). Specificity of childhood psychotic symptoms for predicting schizophrenia by 38 years of age: a birth cohort study. Psychological Medicine 43, 2077–2086.Google Scholar
Galea, S, Tracy, M (2007). Participation rates in epidemiologic studies. Annals of Epidemiology 17, 643–653.Google Scholar
Galletly, C, Van Hooff, M, McFarlane, A (2011). Psychotic symptoms in young adults exposed to childhood trauma – a 20 year follow-up study. Schizophrenia Research 127, 76–82.Google Scholar
Haro, JM, Arbabzadeh-Bouchez, S, Brugha, TS, De Girolamo, G, Guyer, ME, Jin, R, Lepine, JP, Mazzi, F, Reneses, B, Vilagut, G, Sampson, NA, Kessler, RC (2006). Concordance of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview Version 3.0 (CIDI 3.0) with standardized clinical assessments in the WHO World Mental Health surveys. International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research 15, 167–180.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hovens, JGFM, Wiersma, JE, Giltay, EJ, Van Oppen, P, Spinhoven, P, Penninx, BWJH, Zitman, FG (2010). Childhood life events and childhood trauma in adult patients with depressive, anxiety and comorbid disorders vs. controls. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 122, 66–74.Google Scholar
Jackson, JS, Caldwell, CH, Chatters, LM, Neighbors, HW, Nesse, R, Taylor, RJ, Trierweiler, SJ, Williams, DR (2007). National Survey of American Life (NSAL). In Collaborative Psychiatric Epidemiology Surveys (CPES), 2001–2003 [United States] ICPSR20240-v5 (PIs: Alegría, M., Jackson, J. S., Kessler, R. C. and Takeuchi, D.). Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research: Ann Arbor, MI.Google Scholar
Jackson, JS, Torres, M, Caldwell, CH, Neighbors, HW, Nesse, RM, Taylor, RJ, Trierweiler, SJ, Williams, DR (2004). The National Survey of American Life: a study of racial, ethnic and cultural influences on mental disorders and mental health. International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research 13, 196–207.Google Scholar
Johns, LC, Cannon, M, Singleton, N, Murray, RM, Farrell, M, Brugha, T, Bebbington, P, Jenkins, R, Meltzer, H (2004). Prevalence and correlates of self-reported psychotic symptoms in the British population. British Journal of Psychiatry 185, 298–305.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Johns, LC, Nazroo, JY, Bebbington, P, Kuipers, E (2002). Occurrence of hallucinatory experiences in a community sample and ethnic variations. British Journal of Psychiatry 180, 174–178.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kelleher, I, Devlin, N, Wigman, JT, Kehoe, A, Murtagh, A, Fitzpatrick, C, Cannon, M. (2013). Psychotic experiences in a mental health clinic sample: implications for suicidality, multimorbidity and functioning. Psychological Medicine. Published online: 12 September 2013 . doi: 10.1017.S0033291713002122.Google Scholar
Kelleher, I, Harley, M, Lynch, F, Arseneault, L, Fitzpatrick, C, Cannon, M (2008). Associations between childhood trauma, bullying and psychotic symptoms among a school-based adolescent sample. British Journal of Psychiatry 193, 378–382.Google Scholar
Kelleher, I, Keeley, H, Corcoran, P, Lynch, F, Fitzpatrick, C, Devlin, N, Molloy, C, Roddy, S, Clarke, MC, Harley, M, Arseneault, L, Wasserman, C, Carli, V, Sarchiapone, M, Hoven, C, Wasserman, D, Cannon, M (2012). Clinicopathological significance of psychotic experiences in non-psychotic young people: evidence from four population-based studies. British Journal of Psychiatry 201, 26–32.Google Scholar
Kendler, KS, Prescott, CA, Myers, J, Neale, MC (2003). The structure of genetic and environmental risk factors for common psychiatric and substance use disorders in men and women. Archives of General Psychiatry 60, 929–937.Google Scholar
Kessler, RC, Berglund, P, Chiu, WT, Demler, O, Heeringa, S, Hiripi, E, Jin, R, Pennell, BE, Walters, EE, Zaslavsky, A, Zheng, H (2004). The US National Comorbidity Survey Replication (NCS-R): design and field procedures. International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research 13, 69–92.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kessler, RC, McGonagle, KA, Zhao, S, Nelson, CB, Hughes, M, Eshleman, S, Wittchen, H-U, Kendler, KS (1994). Lifetime and 12-month prevalence of DSM-III-R psychiatric disorders in the United States: results from the National Comorbidity Survey. Archives of General Psychiatry 51, 8–19.Google Scholar
King, M, Nazroo, J, Weich, S, McKenzie, K, Bhui, K, Karlsen, S, Stansfeld, S, Tyrer, P, Blanchard, M, Lloyd, K, McManus, S, Sproston, K, Erens, B (2005). Psychotic symptoms in the general population of England. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology 40, 375–381.Google Scholar
Lataster, T, van Os, J, Drukker, M, Henquet, C, Feron, F, Gunther, N, Myin-Germeys, I (2006). Childhood victimisation and developmental expression of non-clinical delusional ideation and hallucinatory experiences. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology 41, 423–428.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Linscott, RJ, van Os, J (2013). An updated and conservative systematic review and meta-analysis of epidemiological evidence on psychotic experiences in children and adults: on the pathway from proneness to persistence to dimensional expression across mental disorders. Psychological Medicine 43, 1133–1149.Google Scholar
Mackie, CJ, Castellanos-Ryan, N, Conrod, PJ (2011). Developmental trajectories of psychotic-like experiences across adolescence: impact of victimization and substance use. Psychological Medicine 41, 47–58.Google Scholar
Medrano, MA, Zule, WA, Hatch, J, Desmond, DP (1999). Prevalence of childhood trauma in a community sample of substance-abusing women. American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse 25, 449–462.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Morgan, C, Fisher, H, Hutchinson, G, Kirkbride, J, Craig, TK, Morgan, K, Dazzan, P, Boydell, J, Doody, GA, Jones, PB, Murray, RM, Leff, J, Fearon, P (2009). Ethnicity, social disadvantage and psychotic-like experiences in a healthy population based sample. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica 119, 226–235.Google Scholar
Nuevo, R, Chatterji, S, Verdes, E, Naidoo, N, Arango, C, Ayuso-Mateos, JL (2012). The continuum of psychotic symptoms in the general population: a cross-national study. Schizophrenia Bulletin 38, 475–485.Google Scholar
Rössler, W, Riecher-Rössler, A, Angst, J, Murray, R, Gamma, A, Eich, D, van Os, J, Gross, VA (2007). Psychotic experiences in the general population: a twenty-year prospective community study. Schizophrenia Research 92, 1–14.Google Scholar
Ruscio, AM, Stein, DJ, Chiu, WT, Kessler, RC (2010). The epidemiology of obsessive-compulsive disorder in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication. Molecular Psychiatry 15, 53–63.Google Scholar
Saha, S, Scott, J, Varghese, D, McGrath, J (2012). Anxiety and depressive disorders are associated with delusional-like experiences: a replication study based on a National Survey of Mental Health and Wellbeing. BMJ Open 2, e001001.Google Scholar
Scott, J, Chant, D, Andrews, G, Martin, G, McGrath, J (2007). Association between trauma exposure and delusional experiences in a large community-based sample. British Journal of Psychiatry 190, 339–343.Google Scholar
Soosay, I, Silove, D, Bateman-Steel, C, Steel, Z, Bebbington, P, Jones, PB, Chey, T, Ivancic, L, Marnane, C (2012). Trauma exposure, PTSD and psychotic-like symptoms in post-conflict Timor Leste: an epidemiological survey. BMC Psychiatry 12, 229.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Takayanagi, Y, Spira, AP, Roth, KB, Gallo, JJ, Eaton, WW, Mojtabai, R (2014). Accuracy of reports of lifetime mental and physical disorders: results from the Baltimore Epidemiology Catchment Area Study. Journal of the American Medical Association. Psychiatry 71, 273–280.Google Scholar
Tandon, R, Keshavan, MS, Nasrallah, HA (2008). Schizophrenia, ‘just the facts’ what we know in 2008. 2. Epidemiology and etiology. Schizophrenia Research 102, 1–18.Google Scholar
van Nierop, M, van Os, J, Gunther, N, Myin-Germeys, I, de Graaf, R, ten Have, M, van Dorsselaer, S, Bak, M, van Winkel, R (2012). Phenotypically continuous with clinical psychosis, discontinuous in need for care: evidence for an extended psychosis phenotype. Schizophrenia Bulletin 38, 231–238.Google Scholar
Varghese, D, Scott, J, Welham, J, Bor, W, Najman, J, O'Callaghan, M, Williams, G, McGrath, J (2011). Psychotic-like experiences in major depression and anxiety disorders: a population-based survey in young adults. Schizophrenia Bulletin 37, 389–393.Google Scholar
Weiser, M, van Os, J, Davidson, M (2005). Time for a shift in focus in schizophrenia: from narrow phenotypes to broad endophenotypes. British Journal of Psychiatry 187, 203–205.Google Scholar
Wigman, JT, van Nierop, M, Vollebergh, WA, Lieb, R, Beesdo-Baum, K, Wittchen, HU, van Os, J (2012). Evidence that psychotic symptoms are prevalent in disorders of anxiety and depression, impacting on illness onset, risk, and severity – implications for diagnosis and ultra-high risk research. Schizophrenia Bulletin 38, 247–257.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wilsnack, SC, Vogeltanz, ND, Klassen, AD, Harris, TR (1997). Childhood sexual abuse and women's substance abuse: national survey findings. Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs 58, 264–271.Google Scholar
Wittchen, HU (1994). Reliability and validity studies of the WHO-Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI): a critical review. Journal of Psychiatric Research 28, 57–84.Google Scholar
Supplementary material: File

DeVylder Supplementary Material

Table S1

Download DeVylder Supplementary Material(File)
File 45.6 KB