Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-g8jcs Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-22T05:18:58.608Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Comparison of negative symptoms in schizophrenic and poor outcome bipolar patients

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 July 2009

Ravinder Reddy*
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons; Department of Clinical Neuropsychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute; Special Treatment Unit, Creedmoor Psychiatric Center, Queens Village, New York, USA
Sukdeb Mukherjee
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons; Department of Clinical Neuropsychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute; Special Treatment Unit, Creedmoor Psychiatric Center, Queens Village, New York, USA
David B. Schnur
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons; Department of Clinical Neuropsychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute; Special Treatment Unit, Creedmoor Psychiatric Center, Queens Village, New York, USA
*
1Address for correspondence: Dr R. Reddy, Department of Psychiatry, Uptown V. A. Medical Center, Room 2D-104, One Freedom Way, Augusta, GA 30912, USA.

Synopsis

Using the Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms (SANS), affective blunting, alogia, and attentional impairment were assessed in 30 manic patients with chronic impairment of inter-episode instrumental functioning and 85 chronic schizophrenic patients. The schizophrenic patients had markedly higher ratings on all three negative symptom dimensions. When negative symptoms were examined categorically, no manic patient was rated to show prominent affective flattening or alogia. This relative specificity may not apply to attentional impairment which was rated as prominent in 17% of the manic patients and in 55% of the schizophrenic patients.

Type
Original Articles
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1992

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

American Psychiatric Association (1987). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 3rd edn-revised. American Psychiatric Association: Washington DC.Google Scholar
Andreasen, N. C. (1982 a). The Scale for Assessment of Negative Symptoms. University of Iowa: Iowa City.Google ScholarPubMed
Andreasen, N. C. (1982 b). Negative symptoms in schizophrenia: definition and reliability. Archives of General Psychiatry 39, 784788.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Andreasen, N. C. (1986). Clinical symptomatology of schizophrenia: assessment in pharmacological studies. Clinical Neuropharmacology 9 (Suppl 4), 401403.Google Scholar
Andreasen, N. C. (1988). Brain imaging: applications in psychiatry. Science 239, 13811388.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Carlsson, G. A., Kotin, J., Davenport, Y. & Adland, M. (1974). Follow-up of 53 bipolar manic-depressive patients. British Journal of Psychiatry 124, 134139.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Carpenter, W. T., Heinrichs, D. W. & Wagman, A. M. I. (1988). Deficit and nondeficit forms of schizophrenia: the concept. American Journal of Psychiatry 145, 578583.Google ScholarPubMed
Coryell, W., Keller, M., Endicott, J., Andreasen, N., Clayton, P. & Hirschfeld, R. (1989). Bipolar II illness: course and outcome over a five-year period. Psychological Medicine 19, 129141.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Crow, T. J. (1980). Molecular pathology of schizophrenia: more than one disease process? British Medical Journal 137, 383386.Google Scholar
Harrow, M., Goldberg, J. F., Grossman, L. S. & Meltzer, H. Y. (1990). Outcome in manic disorders: a naturalistic follow-up study. Archives of General Psychiatry 47, 665671.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Harvey, P. D. (1987). Laboratory research: its relevance to positive and negative symptoms. In Positive and Negative Symptoms of Psychosis (ed. Harvey, P. D. and Walker, E.), pp. 6893. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates: New Jersey.Google Scholar
Jampala, V. C., Abrams, R. & Taylor, M. A. (1985). Mania with emotional blunting: affective disorder or schizophrenia? American Journal of Psychiatry 142, 608612.Google ScholarPubMed
Johnstone, E. C., Owens, D. G. C., Frith, C. D. & Calvert, L. M. (1985). Institutionalization and the outcome of functional psychosis. British Journal of Psychiatry 146, 3644.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McDonald, M. P., Mukherjee, S., Schnur, D. B. & Caracci, G. (1990). Neuroleptic effects on positive and negative symptoms in chronic schizophrenia. Biological Psychiatry 27, 50A.Google Scholar
Mukherjee, S., Reddy, R. & Schnur, D. B. (1991). A developmental model of negative syndromes in schizophrenia. In Negative Schizophrenia Symptoms: Pathophysiology and Clinical Implications (ed. Greden, J. and Tandon, R.), pp. 173185. American Psychiatric Press: Washington, DC.Google Scholar
Pearlson, G. D., Garbacz, D. J., Breakey, W. R., Ahn, H. S. & DePaulo, J. R. (1984). Lateral ventricular enlargement associated with persistent unemployment and negative symptoms in both schizophrenia and affective disorder. Psychiatry Research 12, 19.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pearlson, G. D., Garbacz, D. J., Moberg, P. J., Ahn, H. S. & DePaulo, J. R. (1985). Symptomatic, familial, perinatal, and social correlates of computerized axial tomography (CAT) changes in schizophrenics and bipolars. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease 173, 4250.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Reddy, R., Mukherjee, S. & Schnur, S. (1989). Pregnancy and birth complications and premorbid functioning in schizophrenic and bipolar patients. Biological Psychiatry 25, 93A.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Simpson, G. & Angus, J. W. S. (1970). A rating scale for extra-pyramidal side effects. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica 212 (Suppl), 1119.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Spitzer, R. L. & Endicott, J. (1979). Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia – Lifetime Version, 3rd edn.New York State Psychiatric Institute, Biometrics Research: New York.Google Scholar
Weinberger, D. R. (1987). Implications of normal brain development for the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. Archives of General Psychiatry 44, 660669.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Welner, A., Welner, Z. & Leonard, M. A. (1977). Bipolar manicdepressive disorder: a reassessment of course and outcome. Comprehensive Psychiatry 18, 327332.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Winokur, G., Clayton, P. J. & Reich, T. (1969). Manic-Depressive Illness. C. V. Mosby: St Louis.Google Scholar