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Common and differential alterations of general emotion processing in obsessive-compulsive and social anxiety disorder

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  25 January 2016

S. Weidt ,
J. Lutz ,
M. Rufer ,
A. Delsignore ,
N. J. Jakob ,
U. Herwig  and
A. B. Bruehl
S. Weidt*
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
J. Lutz
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zurich, Switzerland
M. Rufer
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
A. Delsignore
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
N. J. Jakob
Affiliation:
Sanatorium Kilchberg, Kilchberg, Switzerland
U. Herwig
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zurich, Switzerland
A. B. Bruehl
Affiliation:
Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute and Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, UK Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zurich, Switzerland
*
*Address for correspondence: S. Weidt, MD, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, University of Zurich, Culmannstrasse 8, CH–8091 Zurich, Switzerland. (Email: [email protected])
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Abstract

Background

Obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) and social anxiety disorder (SAD) are characterized by biased perception and processing of potentially threatening stimuli. A hyper-reactivity of the fear-circuit [e.g. amygdala, anterior cingulate (ACC)] has been consistently reported using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in SAD in comparison with healthy controls (HCs). Studies investigating the processing of specific emotional stimuli in OCD reported mainly orbitofrontal-striatal abnormalities. The goal of this study was to examine similar/common and differential neurobiological responses in OCD and SAD using unspecific emotional stimuli.

Method

Fifty-four subjects participated: two groups (each n = 18) of outpatients with a current diagnosis of OCD or SAD, and 18 HCs. All subjects underwent fMRI while anticipating and perceiving unspecific visual stimuli with prior announced emotional valence (e.g. positive).

Results

Compared to HCs, the combined patient group showed increased activation in amygdala, caudate and prefrontal/orbitofrontal cortex while anticipating unspecific emotional stimuli. Caudate was more active in the combined patient group during perception. A comparison between the OCD and the SAD samples revealed increased amygdala and decreased rostral ACC activation in OCD patients during perception, but no differences in the anticipation phase.

Conclusions

Overall, we could identify common fronto-subcortical hyper-reactivity in OCD and SAD while anticipating and perceiving unspecific emotional stimuli. While differential neurobiological responses between OCD and SAD when processing specific stimuli are evident from the literature, differences were less pronounced using unspecific stimuli. This could indicate a disturbance of emotion regulation common to both OCD and SAD.

Keywords

Amygdalaanterior cingulate cortexcaudateemotion processingfMRIobsessive compulsive disorderperceptionsocial anxiety disorder
Type
Original Articles
Information
Psychological Medicine , Volume 46 , Issue 7 , May 2016 , pp. 1427 - 1436
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2016 

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