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Classification of depression by grade of membership: a confirmation study

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 July 2009

Jonathan R. T. Davidson ,
Max A. Woodbury ,
Sidney Zisook  and
Earl L. Giller Jr.
Jonathan R. T. Davidson*
Affiliation:
Duke University Medical CenterDepartment of Computer Science, Durham, NC, Department of Psychiatry, University of California at San Diego, Department of Psychiatry, University of Connecticut Health Center, USA
Max A. Woodbury
Affiliation:
Duke University Medical CenterDepartment of Computer Science, Durham, NC, Department of Psychiatry, University of California at San Diego, Department of Psychiatry, University of Connecticut Health Center, USA
Sidney Zisook
Affiliation:
Duke University Medical CenterDepartment of Computer Science, Durham, NC, Department of Psychiatry, University of California at San Diego, Department of Psychiatry, University of Connecticut Health Center, USA
Earl L. Giller Jr.
Affiliation:
Duke University Medical CenterDepartment of Computer Science, Durham, NC, Department of Psychiatry, University of California at San Diego, Department of Psychiatry, University of Connecticut Health Center, USA
*
1Address for correspondence: Dr Jonathan R. T. Davidson, Duke University Medical Center, Psychiatry Outpatient Programs, Box 3812, Durham. North Carolina 27710, USA
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Synopsis

One hundred and thirty out-patients with depression were studied by grade of membership multivariate (GOM) analysis. Five depressive types were generated. Pure Type I represented a mild form of melancholia in older, stable males, who showed a modest drug response. Pure Type II included obsessive-anxious symptoms in older patients who responded well to an MAOI drug, but poorly to placebo. Pure Type III was a mildly symptomatic form of depression which responded well to placebo. Pure Type IV included features of agitation, mood worsening later in the day, anorexia and depersonalization; it was commonly precipitated by external stress and MAOI treatment was more effective than placebo. In Pure Type V depression, patients were mostly younger females with high levels of symptomatology, atypical vegetative symptoms, unstable life-styles, disadvantaged backgrounds and a poor response to MAOI and placebo. These results resemble in many ways our earlier GOM study of depression, as well as other multivariate studies of depression in the literature.

Type
Original Articles
Information
Psychological Medicine , Volume 19 , Issue 4 , November 1989 , pp. 987 - 998
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1989

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