Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-t7fkt Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-22T20:41:17.399Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Childhood adversities in people at ultra-high risk (UHR) for psychosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  08 January 2019

Oon Him Peh Open the ORCID record for Oon Him Peh [Opens in a new window] ,
Attilio Rapisarda  and
Jimmy Lee
Oon Him Peh*
Affiliation:
Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore
Attilio Rapisarda
Affiliation:
Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
Jimmy Lee
Affiliation:
Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore Department of General Psychiatry, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore
*
Author for correspondence: Oon Him Peh, Institute of Mental Health, Buangkok Green Medical Park, 10 Buangkok View, Singapore 539747 E-mail: [email protected]
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Childhood adversities have been reported to be more common among individuals at ultra-high risk (UHR) for psychosis. This paper systematically reviewed and meta-analysed (i) the severity and prevalence of childhood adversities (childhood trauma exposure, bullying victimisation and parental separation or loss) among the UHR, and (ii) the association between adversities and transition to psychosis (TTP). PsycINFO, PubMed and Embase databases were searched for studies reporting childhood adversities among UHR individuals. Only published articles were included. Risk of bias was assessed using Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) guideline (von Elm et al., 2007) and the tool developed by Hoy et al. (2012). Seventeen case–control, cross-sectional and longitudinal studies were included. UHR individuals experienced significantly more severe trauma than controls, regardless of trauma subtype. UHR were 5.5, 2.5 and 3.1 times as likely to report emotional abuse, physical abuse and bullying victimisation, respectively. There was no association with parental separation. However, childhood trauma was not significantly associated with TTP (follow-up periods: 6 months to 15 years), suggesting that trauma alone may not be a sufficient risk factor. Sexual abuse was associated with TTP but this may have been driven by a single large study. Potential confounders and low rates of TTP among UHR are limitations of this review. This is the first meta-analysis that quantitatively summarises the associations between childhood adversities and TTP among UHR, and between specific abuse subtypes and TTP. Specific recommendations have been made to increase the quality of future research. PROSPERO registration no. CRD42017054884.

Keywords

Childhood adversitieschild and adolescent psychiatryclinical high riskrisk factorsschizophreniatraumaultra-high risk
Type
Review Article
Information
Psychological Medicine , Volume 49 , Issue 7 , May 2019 , pp. 1089 - 1101
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2019 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Addington, J, Stowkowy, J, Cadenhead, KS, Cornblatt, BA, McGlashan, TH, Perkins, DO, Seidman, LJ, Tsuang, MT, Walker, EF, Woods, SW and Cannon, TD (2013) Early traumatic experiences in those at clinical high risk for psychosis. Early Intervention in Psychiatry 7, 300–305.Google Scholar
Ajnakina, O, Trotta, A, Oakley-Hannibal, E, Di Forti, M, Stilo, SA, Kolliakou, A, Gardner-Sood, P, Gaughran, F, David, AS, Dazzan, P, Pariante, C, Mondelli, V, Morgan, C, Vassos, E, Murray, RM and Fisher, HL (2016) Impact of childhood adversities on specific symptom dimensions in first-episode psychosis. Psychological Medicine 46, 317–326.Google Scholar
Allen, P, Azis, M, Modinos, G, Bossong, MG, Bonoldi, I, Samson, C, Quinn, B, Kempton, MJ, Howes, OD, Stone, JM, Calem, M, Perez, J, Bhattacharayya, S, Broome, MR, Grace, AA, Zelaya, F and McGuire, P (2017) Increased resting hippocampal and basal ganglia perfusion in people at ultra high risk for psychosis: replication in a second cohort. Schizophrenia Bulletin 44, 1323–1331.Google Scholar
Anestis, MD and Joiner, TE (2011) Examining the role of emotion in suicidality: negative urgency as an amplifier of the relationship between components of the interpersonal-psychological theory of suicidal behavior and lifetime number of suicide attempts. Journal of Affective Disorders 129, 261–269.Google Scholar
Appiah-Kusi, E, Fisher, HL, Petros, N, Wilson, R, Mondelli, V, Garety, PA, McGuire, P and Bhattacharyya, S (2017) Do cognitive schema mediate the association between childhood trauma and being at ultra-high risk for psychosis? Journal of Psychiatric Research 88, 89–96.Google Scholar
Bailey, T, Alvarez-Jimenez, M, Garcia-Sanchez, AM, Hulbert, C, Barlow, E and Bendall, S (2018) Childhood trauma is associated with severity of hallucinations and delusions in psychotic disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Schizophrenia Bulletin 44, 1111–1122.Google Scholar
Barbosa, LP, Quevedo, L, da Silva, GDG, Jansen, K, Pinheiro, RT, Branco, J, Lara, D, Oses, J and da Silva, RA (2014) Childhood trauma and suicide risk in a sample of young individuals aged 14–35 years in southern Brazil. Child Abuse & Neglect 38, 1191–1196.Google Scholar
Bonoldi, I, Simeone, E, Rocchetti, M, Codjoe, L, Rossi, G, Gambi, F, Balottin, U, Caverzasi, E, Politi, P and Fusar-Poli, P (2013) Prevalence of self-reported childhood abuse in psychosis: a meta-analysis of retrospective studies. Psychiatry Research 210, 8–15.Google Scholar
Braehler, C, Holowka, D, Brunet, A, Beaulieu, S, Baptista, T, Debruille, JB, Walker, CD and King, S (2018) Diurnal cortisol in schizophrenia patients with childhood trauma. Schizophrenia Research 79, 353–354.Google Scholar
Brew, B, Doris, M, Shannon, C and Mulholland, C (2017) What impact does trauma have on the at-risk mental state? A systematic literature review. Early Intervention in Psychiatry 12, 115–124.Google Scholar
Cannon, TD, Yu, C, Addington, J, Bearden, CE, Cadenhead, KS, Cornblatt, BA, Heinssen, R, Jeffries, CD, Mathalon, DH, McGlashan, TH, Perkins, DO, Seidman, LJ, Tsuang, MT, Walker, EF, Woods, SW and Kattan, MW (2016) An individualized risk calculator for research in prodromal psychosis. American Journal of Psychiatry 173, 980–988.Google Scholar
Carrión, RE, Cornblatt, BA, Burton, CZ, Tso, IF, Auther, AM, Adelsheim, S, Calkins, R, Carter, CS, Niendam, T and Sale, TG (2016) Personalized prediction of psychosis: external validation of the NAPLS-2 psychosis risk calculator with the EDIPPP project. American Journal of Psychiatry 173, 989–996.Google Scholar
Cotter, J, Lin, A, Drake, RJ, Thompson, A, Nelson, B, McGorry, P, Wood, SJ and Yung, AR (2016) Long-term employment among people at ultra-high risk for psychosis. Schizophrenia Research 184, 26–31.Google Scholar
Cunningham, T, Hoy, K and Shannon, C (2016) Does childhood bullying lead to the development of psychotic symptoms? A meta-analysis and review of prospective studies. Psychosis 8, 48–59.Google Scholar
de Araujo, RM and Lara, DR (2016) More than words: the association of childhood emotional abuse and suicidal behavior. European Psychiatry 37, 14–21.Google Scholar
de Sousa, P, Varese, F, Sellwood, W and Bentall, RP (2014) Parental communication and psychosis: a meta-analysis. Schizophrenia Bulletin 40, 756–768.Google Scholar
Egerton, A, Valmaggia, LR, Howes, OD, Day, F, Chaddock, CA, Allen, P, Winton-Brown, TT, Bloomfield, MAP, Bhattacharyya, S, Chilcott, J, Lappin, JM, Murray, RM and McGuire, P (2016) Adversity in childhood linked to elevated striatal dopamine function in adulthood. Schizophrenia Research 176, 171–176.Google Scholar
Falukozi, E and Addington, J (2012) Impact of trauma on attenuated psychotic symptoms. Psychosis 4, 203–212.Google Scholar
Fusar-Poli, P, Borgwardt, S, Bechdolf, A, Addington, J, Riecher-Rossler, A, Schultze-Lutter, F, Keshavan, M, Wood, S, Ruhrmann, S, Seidman, LJ, Valmaggia, L, Cannon, T, Velthorst, E, De Haan, L, Cornblatt, B, Bonoldi, I, Birchwood, M, McGlashan, T, Carpenter, W, McGorry, P, Klosterkotter, J, McGuire, P and Yung, A (2013) The psychosis high-risk state: a comprehensive state-of-the-art review. JAMA Psychiatry 70, 107–120.Google Scholar
Fusar-Poli, P, Nelson, B, Valmaggia, L, Yung, AR and McGuire, PK (2014) Comorbid depressive and anxiety disorders in 509 individuals with an at-risk mental state: impact on psychopathology and transition to psychosis. Schizophrenia Bulletin 40, 120–131.Google Scholar
Fusar-Poli, P, Cappucciati, M, Rutigliano, G, Schultze-Lutter, F, Bonoldi, I, Borgwardt, S, Riecher-Rossler, A, Addington, J, Perkins, D, Woods, SW, McGlashan, TH, Lee, J, Klosterkotter, J, Yung, AR and McGuire, P (2015) At risk or not at risk? A meta-analysis of the prognostic accuracy of psychometric interviews for psychosis prediction. World Psychiatry 14, 322–332.Google Scholar
Fusar-Poli, P, Tantardini, M, De Simone, S, Ramella-Cravaro, V, Oliver, D, Kingdon, J, Kotlicka-Antczak, M, Valmaggia, L, Lee, J, Millan, MJ, Galderisi, S, Balottin, U, Ricca, V and McGuire, P (2016) Deconstructing vulnerability for psychosis: meta-analysis of environmental risk factors for psychosis in subjects at ultra high-risk. European Psychiatry 40, 65–75.Google Scholar
Gee, DG and Cannon, TD (2011) Prediction of conversion to psychosis: review and future directions. Revista Brasileira de Psiquiatria 33, s129–s142.Google Scholar
Harley, M, Kelleher, I, Clarke, M, Lynch, F, Arseneault, L, Connor, D, Fitzpatrick, C and Cannon, M (2010) Cannabis use and childhood trauma interact additively to increase the risk of psychotic symptoms in adolescence. Psychological Medicine 40, 1627–1634.Google Scholar
Hoy, D, Brooks, P, Woolf, A, Blyth, F, March, L, Bain, C, Baker, P, Smith, E and Buchbinder, R (2012) Assessing risk of bias in prevalence studies: modification of an existing tool and evidence of interrater agreement. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology 65, 934–939.Google Scholar
Kang, NI, Park, TW, Yang, JC, Oh, KY, Shim, SH and Chung, YC (2012) Prevalence and clinical features of thought-perception-sensitivity symptoms: results from a community survey of Korean high school students. Psychiatry Research 198, 501–508.Google Scholar
Kraan, T, van Dam, DS, Velthorst, E, de Ruigh, EL, Nieman, DH, Durston, S, Schothorst, P, van der Gaag, M and de Haan, L (2015 a) Childhood trauma and clinical outcome in patients at ultra-high risk of transition to psychosis. Schizophrenia Research 169, 193–198.Google Scholar
Kraan, T, Velthorst, E, Smit, F, de Haan, L and van der Gaag, M (2015 b) Trauma and recent life events in individuals at ultra high risk for psychosis: review and meta-analysis. Schizophrenia Research 161, 143–149.Google Scholar
Kraan, T, Ising, HK, Fokkema, M, Velthorst, E, van den Berg, DPG, Kerkhoven, M, Veling, W, Smit, F, Linszen, DH, Nieman, DH, Wunderink, L, Boonstra, N, Klaassen, RMC, Dragt, S, Rietdijk, J, de Haan, L and van der Gaag, M (2017 a) The effect of childhood adversity on 4-year outcome in individuals at ultra high risk for psychosis in the Dutch Early Detection Intervention Evaluation (EDIE-NL) trial. Psychiatry Research 247, 55–62.Google Scholar
Kraan, T, Velthorst, E, Themmen, M, Valmaggia, L, Kempton, MJ, McGuire, P, van Os, J, Rutten, BPF, Smit, F, de Haan, L and van der Gaag, M (2017 b) Child maltreatment and clinical outcome in individuals at ultra-high risk for psychosis in the EU-GEI high risk study. Schizophrenia Bulletin 44, 584–592.Google Scholar
Lereya, ST, Copeland, WE, Costello, EJ and Wolke, D (2015) Adult mental health consequences of peer bullying and maltreatment in childhood: two cohorts in two countries. The Lancet Psychiatry 2, 524–531.Google Scholar
Liberati, A, Altman, DG, Tetzlaff, J, Mulrow, C, Gøtzsche, PC, Ioannidis, JPA, Clarke, M, Devereaux, PJ, Kleijnen, J and Moher, D (2009) The PRISMA statement for reporting systematic reviews and meta-analyses of studies that evaluate health care interventions: explanation and elaboration. PLoS Medicine 6, e1000100.Google Scholar
Magaud, E, Nyman, K and Addington, J (2013) Cyberbullying in those at clinical high risk for psychosis. Early Intervention in Psychiatry 7, 427–430.Google Scholar
Marshall, C, Deighton, S, Cadenhead, KS, Cannon, TD, Cornblatt, BA, McGlashan, TH, Perkins, DO, Seidman, LJ, Tsuang, MT, Walker, EF, Woods, SW, Bearden, CE, Mathalon, D and Addington, J (2016) The violent content in attenuated psychotic symptoms. Psychiatry Research 242, 61–66.Google Scholar
Matheson, SL, Shepherd, AM, Laurens, KR and Carr, VJ (2011) A systematic meta-review grading the evidence for non-genetic risk factors and putative antecedents of schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Research 133, 133–142.Google Scholar
Matheson, SL, Shepherd, AM, Pinchbeck, RM, Laurens, KR and Carr, VJ (2013) Childhood adversity in schizophrenia: a systematic meta-analysis. Psychological Medicine 43, 225.Google Scholar
McDonnell, J, Stahl, D, Day, F, McGuire, P and Valmaggia, LR (2017) Interpersonal sensitivity in those at clinical high risk for psychosis mediates the association between childhood bullying victimisation and paranoid ideation: a virtual reality study. Schizophrenia Research 192, 89–95.Google Scholar
Miller, TJ, McGlashan, TH, Rosen, JL, Somjee, L, Markovich, PJ, Stein, K and Woods, SW (2002) Prospective diagnosis of the initial prodrome for schizophrenia based on the Structured Interview for Prodromal Syndromes: preliminary evidence of interrater reliability and predictive validity. American Journal of Psychiatry 159, 863–865.Google Scholar
Morgan, C and Fisher, H (2007) Environment and schizophrenia: environmental factors in schizophrenia: childhood trauma – a critical review. Schizophrenia Bulletin 33, 3–10.Google Scholar
Morgan, C and Gayer-Anderson, C (2016) Childhood adversities and psychosis: evidence, challenges, implications. World Psychiatry 15, 93–102.Google Scholar
Palmier-Claus, J, Berry, K, Darrell-Berry, H, Emsley, R, Parker, S, Drake, R and Bucci, S (2016) Childhood adversity and social functioning in psychosis: exploring clinical and cognitive mediators. Psychiatry Research 238, 25–32.Google Scholar
Read, J, Perry, BD, Moskowitz, A and Connolly, J (2001) The contribution of early traumatic events to schizophrenia in some patients: a traumagenic neurodevelopmental model. Psychiatry 64, 319–345.Google Scholar
Read, J, Agar, K, Argyle, N and Aderhold, V (2003) Sexual and physical abuse during childhood and adulthood as predictors of hallucinations, delusions and thought disorder. Psychology and Psychotherapy: Theory, Research and Practice 76, 1–22.Google Scholar
Read, J, Fosse, R, Moskowitz, A and Perry, B (2014) The traumagenic neurodevelopmental model of psychosis revisited. Neuropsychiatry 4, 65.Google Scholar
Reininghaus, U, Gayer-Anderson, C, Valmaggia, L, Kempton, M, Calem, M, Onyejiaka, A, Hubbard, K, Dazzan, P, Beards, S, Fisher, H, Mills, J, McGuire, P, Craig, T, Garety, P, van Os, J, Murray, R, Wykes, T, Myin-Germeys, I and Morgan, C (2016) Psychological processes underlying the association between childhood trauma and psychosis in daily life: an experience sampling study. Psychological Medicine 46, 2799–2813.Google Scholar
Sahin, S, Yuksel, C, Guler, J, Karadayi, G, Akturan, E, Gode, E, Ozhan, AA and Ucok, A (2013) The history of childhood trauma among individuals with ultra high risk for psychosis is as common as among patients with first-episode schizophrenia. Early Intervention in Psychiatry 7, 414–420.Google Scholar
Salokangas, RKR, Patterson, P, Hietala, J, Heinimaa, M, From, T, Ilonen, T, von Reventlow, HG, Schultze-Lutter, F, Juckel, G, Linszen, D, Dingemans, P, Birchwood, M, Klosterkotter, J and Ruhrmann, S (2018) Childhood adversity predicts persistence of suicidal thoughts differently in females and males at clinical high-risk patients of psychosis. Results of the EPOS project. Early Intervention in Psychiatry, In Press.Google Scholar
Schmidt, SJ, Schultze-Lutter, F, Bendall, S, Groth, N, Michel, C, Inderbitzin, N, Schimmelmann, BG, Hubl, D and Nelson, B (2017) Mediators linking childhood adversities and trauma to suicidality in individuals at risk for psychosis. Frontiers in Psychiatry 8, 242.Google Scholar
Selvendra, A, Baetens, D, Trauer, T, Petrakis, M and Castle, D (2014) First episode psychosis in an adult area mental health service-a closer look at early and late-onset first episode psychosis. Australasian Psychiatry 22, 235–241.Google Scholar
Sideli, L, Mule, A, La Barbera, D and Murray, RM (2012) Do child abuse and maltreatment increase risk of schizophrenia? Psychiatry Investigation 9, 87–99.Google Scholar
Simon, AE and Umbricht, D (2010) High remission rates from an initial ultra-high risk state for psychosis. Schizophrenia Research 116, 168–172.Google Scholar
Simon, GE, Coleman, KJ, Yarborough, BJH, Operskalski, B, Stewart, C, Hunkeler, EM, Lynch, F, Carrell, D and Beck, A (2017) First presentation with psychotic symptoms in a population-based sample. Psychiatric Services 68, 456–461.Google Scholar
Stowkowy, J and Addington, J (2013) Predictors of a clinical high risk status among individuals with a family history of psychosis. Schizophrenia Research 147, 281–286.Google Scholar
Stowkowy, J, Liu, L, Cadenhead, KS, Cannon, TD, Cornblatt, BA, McGlashan, TH, Perkins, DO, Seidman, LJ, Tsuang, MT, Walker, EF, Woods, SW, Bearden, CE, Mathalon, DH and Addington, J (2016) Early traumatic experiences, perceived discrimination and conversion to psychosis in those at clinical high risk for psychosis. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology 51, 497–503.Google Scholar
Thompson, JL, Kelly, M, Kimhy, D, Harkavy-Friedman, JM, Khan, S, Messinger, JW, Schobel, S, Goetz, R, Malaspina, D and Corcoran, C (2009) Childhood trauma and prodromal symptoms among individuals at clinical high risk for psychosis. Schizophrenia Research 108, 176–181.Google Scholar
Thompson, A, Nelson, B, Yuen, HP, Lin, A, Amminger, GP, McGorry, PD, Wood, SJ and Yung, AR (2014) Sexual trauma increases the risk of developing psychosis in an ultra high-risk ‘prodromal’ population. Schizophrenia Bulletin 40, 697–706.Google Scholar
Thompson, A, Marwaha, S, Nelson, B, Wood, SJ, McGorry, PD, Yung, AR and Lin, A (2016) Do affective or dissociative symptoms mediate the association between childhood sexual trauma and transition to psychosis in an ultra-high risk cohort? Psychiatry Research 236, 182–185.Google Scholar
Tikka, M, Luutonen, S, Ilonen, T, Tuominen, L, Kotimaki, M, Hankala, J and Salokangas, RK (2013) Childhood trauma and premorbid adjustment among individuals at clinical high risk for psychosis and normal control subjects. Early Intervention in Psychiatry 7, 51–57.Google Scholar
Trotta, A, Murray, RM and Fisher, HL (2015) The impact of childhood adversity on the persistence of psychotic symptoms: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Psychological Medicine 45, 2481–2498.Google Scholar
van Dam, DS, van der Ven, E, Velthorst, E, Selten, JP, Morgan, C and de Haan, L (2012) Childhood bullying and the association with psychosis in non-clinical and clinical samples: a review and meta-analysis. Psychological Medicine 42, 2463–2474.Google Scholar
van Nierop, M, Viechtbauer, W, Gunther, N, van Zelst, C, de Graaf, R, Ten Have, M, van Dorsselaer, S, Bak, M, Genetic, R, investigators OU of P and van Winkel, R (2015) Childhood trauma is associated with a specific admixture of affective, anxiety, and psychosis symptoms cutting across traditional diagnostic boundaries. Psychological Medicine 45, 1277–1288.Google Scholar
von Elm, E, Altman, DG, Egger, M, Pocock, SJ, Gotzsche, PC and Vandenbroucke, JP (2007) The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) statement: guidelines for reporting observational studies. Annals of Internal Medicine 147, 573–577.Google Scholar
Ucok, A, Kaya, H, Ugurpala, C, Cikrikcili, U, Ergul, C, Yokusoglu, C, Bulbul, O and Direk, N (2015) History of childhood physical trauma is related to cognitive decline in individuals with ultra-high risk for psychosis. Schizophrenia Research 169, 199–203.Google Scholar
Valmaggia, L, Day, F, Kroll, J, Laing, J, Byrne, M, Fusar-Poli, P and McGuire, P (2015) Bullying victimisation and paranoid ideation in people at ultra high risk for psychosis. Schizophrenia Research 168, 68–73.Google Scholar
Varese, F, Smeets, F, Drukker, M, Lieverse, R, Lataster, T, Viechtbauer, W, Read, J, van Os, J and Bentall, RP (2012) Childhood adversities increase the risk of psychosis: a meta-analysis of patient-control, prospective- and cross-sectional cohort studies. Schizophrenia Bulletin 38, 661–671.Google Scholar
Yung, AR, Yung, AR, Yuen, HP, Mcgorry, PD, Phillips, LJ, Kelly, D, Dell'olio, M, Francey, SM, Cosgrave, EM, Killackey, E, Stanford, C, Godfrey, K and Buckby, J (2005) Mapping the onset of psychosis: the comprehensive assessment of at-risk mental states. Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 39, 964–971.Google Scholar
Yung, A, Cotter, J, Wood, S, McGorry, P, Thompson, A, Nelson, B and Lin, A (2015) Childhood maltreatment and transition to psychotic disorder independently predict long-term functioning in young people at ultra-high risk for psychosis. Psychological Medicine 45, 3453–3465.Google Scholar
Zuschlag, ZD, Korte, JE and Hamner, M (2018) Predictors of lifetime suicide attempts in individuals with attenuated psychosis syndrome. Journal of Psychiatric Practice 24, 169–178.Google Scholar
Supplementary material: File

Peh et al. supplementary material

Peh et al. supplementary material 1

Download Peh et al. supplementary material(File)
File 1.4 MB