Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-2brh9 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-29T15:14:14.876Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Auditory signal detectability and facilitation of simple reaction time in psychiatric patients and non-patients1

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 July 2009

Gerard E. Bruder ,
Samuel Sutton ,
Harvey Babkoff ,
Barry J. Gurland ,
Allan Yozawitz  and
Joseph L. Fleiss
Gerard E. Bruder
Affiliation:
Biometrics Research Unit, New York State Department of Mental Hygiene, New York, U.S.A.
Samuel Sutton
Affiliation:
Biometrics Research Unit, New York State Department of Mental Hygiene, New York, U.S.A.
Harvey Babkoff
Affiliation:
Biometrics Research Unit, New York State Department of Mental Hygiene, New York, U.S.A.
Barry J. Gurland
Affiliation:
Biometrics Research Unit, New York State Department of Mental Hygiene, New York, U.S.A.
Allan Yozawitz
Affiliation:
Biometrics Research Unit, New York State Department of Mental Hygiene, New York, U.S.A.
Joseph L. Fleiss
Affiliation:
Biometrics Research Unit, New York State Department of Mental Hygiene, New York, U.S.A.
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Synopsis

Patients diagnosed on the basis of structured interviews as having affective psychoses were less sensitive in detecting the presence of a transient auditory signal than were schizophrenic patients or non-patients. Patients with affective psychoses also benefited more (their reaction time was more reduced) than the other two groups from the presence of a second auditory transient.

Type
Original Article
Information
Psychological Medicine , Volume 5 , Issue 3 , August 1975 , pp. 260 - 272
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1975

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Babkoff, H., and Sutton, S. (1968). Monaural temporal masking of transients. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 44, 1373–1378.Google Scholar
Babkoff, H., and Sutton, S. (1971). Manaural temporal interactions. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 50, 459–465.Google Scholar
Bartlett, M. R. (1935a). The sensory acuity of psychopathic individuals. Psychiatric Quarterly, 9, 422–425.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bartlett, M. R. (1935b). The auditory threshold in reverie. Archives of Psychology, 27, No. 182.Google Scholar
Blinkov, S. M., and Karaseva, T. A. (1967). Effect of unilateral lesions of auditory cortex on reaction time to auditory stimuli of varying durations. Zhurnal Vyssheĭ Nervnoĭ Deyatel'nosti imeni I. P. Pavlova, 17, 365–367.Google Scholar
Bruder, G. E., and Kietzman, M. L. (1973). Visual temporal integration for threshold, signal detectability, and reaction time measures. Perception and Psychophysics, 13, 293–300.Google Scholar
Campbell, R. A. (1963). Detection of a noise signal of varying duration. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 35, 1732–1737.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Clark, W. C., Brown, J. C., and Rutschmann, J. (1967). Flicker sensitivity and response bias in psychiatric patients and normal subjects. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 72, 35–42.Google Scholar
Collins, P. J. (1972). Reaction Time Measures of Visual Temporal Integration in Schizophrenic Patients, Other Psychiatric Patients, and Normal Subjects. Unpublished thesis. Columbia University.Google Scholar
Cooper, J. E. (1970). The use of a procedure for standardizing psychiatric diagnosis. In Psychiatric Epidemiology, pp. 109–131. Edited by Hare, E. H. and Wing, J. K.. Oxford University Press: London.Google Scholar
Cooper, J. E., Kendell, R. E., Gurland, B. J., Sartorius, N., and Farkas, T. (1969). Cross-national study of diagnosis of the mental disorders: some results from the first comparative investigation. American Journal of Psychiatry, 125, 04 suppl. 21–29.Google Scholar
Cooper, J. E., Kendell, R. E., Gurland, B. J., Sharpe, L., Copeland, J. R. M., and Simon, R. J. (1972). Psychiatric Diagnosis in New York and London. A Comparative Study of Mental Hospital Admissions. Maudsley Monograph No. 20. Oxford University Press: London.Google Scholar
Cornsweet, T. N. (1962). The staircase-method in psychophysics. American Journal of Psychology, 75, 485–491.Google Scholar
Emmerich, D. S., and Levine, F. M. (1970). Differences in auditory sensitivity of chronic schizophrenic patients and normal controls determined by use of a forced-choice procedure. Diseases of the Nervous System, 31, 552–557.Google ScholarPubMed
Fleiss, J. L., Gurland, B. J., and Cooper, J. E. (1971). Some contributions to the measurement of psychopathology. British Journal of Psychiatry, 119, 647–656.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Frith, C. D. (1973). Abnormalities of perception. In Hand book of Abnormal Psychology, 2nd edn., pp. 284–308. Edited by Eysenck, H. J.. Pitman: London.Google Scholar
General Register Office (1968). A Glossary of Mental Disorders. Studies on Medical and Population Subjects No. 22. H.M.S.O.: London.Google Scholar
Gersuni, G. V., Baru, A. V., Karaseva, T. A., and Tonkonogii, I. M. (1971). Effects of temporal lobe lesions on perception of sounds of short duration. In Sensory Processes at the Neuronal and Behavioral Levels, pp. 287–300. Edited by Gersuni, G. V.. Academic Press: New York.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Green, D. M., and Swets, J. A. (1966). Signal Detection Theory and Psychophysics. Wiley: New York.Google Scholar
Grossberg, M. (1968). The latency of response in relation to Bloch's law at threshold. Perception and Psychophysics, 4, 229–232.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Grossberg, M. (1970). “Backward masking” of simple detection latencies. Perception and Psychophysics, 8, 308–312.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gurland, B. J. (1973). A flexible approach to psychiatric classification. In Psychopathology: Contributions from the Social, Behavioral and Biological Sciences, pp. 409–426. Edited by Hammer, M., Salzinger, K., and Sutton, S.. Wiley: New York.Google Scholar
Gurland, B. J., Fleiss, J. L., Cooper, J. E., Sharpe, L., Kendell, R. E., and Roberts, P. (1970). Cross-national study of diagnosis of mental disorders: hospital diagnoses and hospital patients in New York and London. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 11, 18–25.Google Scholar
Karaseva, T. A. (1972). The role of the temporal lobe in human auditory perception. Neuropsychologia, 10, 227–231.Google Scholar
Kendell, R. E., and Gourlay, A. J. (1970). The clinical distinction between the affective psychoses and schizophrenia. British Journal of Psychiatry, 117, 261–266.Google Scholar
Kietzman, M. L., and Gillam, B. J. (1972). Visual temporal integration and simple reaction time. Perception and Psychophysics, 11, 333–340.Google Scholar
Lehmann, H. E. (1971). Epidemiology of depressive disorders. In Depression in the 1970s: Modern Theory and Research, pp. 21–30. Edited by Fieve, R. R.. International Congress Series No. 239. Excerpta Medica: Amsterdam.Google Scholar
Levine, F. M., and Whitney, N. (1970). Absolute auditory threshold and threshold of unpleasantness of chronic schizophrenic patients and normal controls. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 75, 74–77.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ludwig, A. M., Wood, B. S. Jr., and Downs, M. P. (1962). Auditory studies in schizophrenia. American Journal of Psychiatry, 119, 122–127.Google Scholar
Maher, B. A. (1966). Principles of Psychopathology: An Experimental Approach. McGraw-Hill: New York.Google Scholar
Miller, R. G. Jr (1966). Simultaneous Statistical Inference. McGraw-Hill: New York.Google Scholar
Noble, P., and Lader, M. (1972). A physiological comparison of ‘endogenous’ and ‘reactive’ depression. British Journal of Psychiatry, 120, 541–542.Google Scholar
Raab, D. H. (1961). Forward and backward masking between acoustic clicks. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 33, 137–139.Google Scholar
Raab, D. H. (1962). Effect of stimulus-duration on auditory reaction-time. American Journal of Psychology, 75, 298–301.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Raab, D. H., and Fehrer, E. (1962). Supplementary report: the effect of stimulus duration and luminance on visual reaction time. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 64, 326–327.Google Scholar
Rappaport, M., and Hopkins, H. K. (1969). Drug effects on auditory attention in paranoid and nonparanoid schizophrenics. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 148, 597–605.Google Scholar
Rappaport, M., Hopkins, H. K., Silverman, J., and Hall, K. (1972). Auditory signal detection in schizophrenics. Psychopharmacologia, 24, 6–28.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ronken, D. A. (1970). Monaural detection of a phase difference between clicks. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 47, 1091–1099.Google Scholar
Scheffé, H. (1959). The Analysis of Variance. Wiley: New York.Google Scholar
Simon, R. I. (1963). Involutional psychosis in Negroes. Archives of General Psychiatry, 13, 148–154.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Simon, R. J., Fleiss, J. L., Gurland, B. J., Stiller, P. R., and Sharpe, L. (1973). Depression and schizophrenia in hospitalized black and white mental patients. Archives of General Psychiatry, 28, 509–512.Google Scholar
Sutton, S. (1973). Fact and artifact in the psychology of schizophrenia. In Psychopathology: Contributions from the Social, Behavioral and Biological Sciences, pp. 197–213. Edited by Hammer, M., Salzinger, K., and Sutton, S.. Wiley: New York.Google Scholar
Thomas, E. J. B. (1966). The Latency of Motor Reactions to Auditory Stimuli as a Function of Stimulus Intensity and Duration. Ph.D. thesis: New York University.Google Scholar
Travis, L. E. (1924). Suggestibility and negativism as measured by auditory threshold during reverie. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 18, 350–368.Google Scholar
Travis, R. C. (1926). The diagnosis of character types by visual and auditory threshold. Psychological Monographs, 36, No. 168, 18–37.Google Scholar
Venables, P. H. (1963). Selectivity of attention, withdrawal, and cortical activation. Studies in chronic schizophrenia. Archives of General Psychiatry, 9, 74–78.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Venables, P. H. (1964). Input dysfunction in schizophrenia. In Progress in Experimental Personality Research, vol. I, pp. 1–47. Edited by Maher, B. A.. Academic Press: New York.Google Scholar
Venables, P. H. (1966). A comparison of two flash and two click thresholds in schizophrenic and normal subjects. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 18, 371–373.Google Scholar
Venables, P. H. (1967). The relation of two flash and two click thresholds to withdrawal in paranoid and non-paranoid schizophrenics. British Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 6, 60–62.Google Scholar
Yates, A. J. (1973). Abnormalities of psychomotor functions. In Handbook of Abnormal Psychology, 2nd edn., pp. 261–283. Edited by Eysenck, H. J.. Pitman: London.Google Scholar
Zubin, J. (1969). Cross-national study of diagnosis of the mental disorders: methodology and planning. American Journal of Psychiatry, 125, April suppl., 12–20.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zubin, J., and Kietzman, M. L. (1966). A cross-cultural approach to classification in schizophrenia and other mental disorders. In Psychopathology of Schizophrenia, pp. 482–514. Edited by Hoch, P. H. and Zubin, J.. Grune and Stratton: New York.Google Scholar
Zubin, J., Salzinger, K., Fleiss, J. L., Gurland, B., Spitzer, R. L., Endicott, J., and Sutton, S. (1975). Biometric approach to psychopathology: Abnormal and clinical psychology—statistical, epidemiological and diagnostic approaches. In Annual Review of Psychology, vol. 26, pp. 621–671. Edited by Rosenzweig, M. R. and Porter, L. W.. Annual Reviews: Palo Alto, California.Google Scholar