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Attention to threat in posttraumatic stress disorder as indexed by eye-tracking indices: a systematic review

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  04 September 2018

Amit Lazarov ,
Benjamin Suarez-Jimenez ,
Amanda Tamman ,
Louise Falzon ,
Xi Zhu ,
Donald E. Edmondson  and
Yuval Neria
Amit Lazarov*
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA School of Psychological Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
Benjamin Suarez-Jimenez
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
Amanda Tamman
Affiliation:
New York Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
Louise Falzon
Affiliation:
Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
Xi Zhu
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
Donald E. Edmondson
Affiliation:
Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
Yuval Neria
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
*
Author for correspondence: Amit Lazarov, E-mail: [email protected]
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Abstract

Background

Cognitive models of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) implicate threat-related attentional biases in the etiology and phenomenology of the disorder. However, extant attentional research using reaction time (RT)-based paradigms and measures has yielded mixed results. Eye-tracking methodology has emerged in recent years to overcome several inherent drawbacks of RT-based tasks, striving to better delineate attentional processes.

Methods

A systematic review of experimental studies examining threat-related attention biases in PTSD, using eye-tracking methodology and group-comparison designs, was conducted conforming to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Studies were selected following a systematic search for publications between 1980 and December 2017 in PsycINFO, MEDLINE and the National Center for PTSD Research's Published International Literature on Traumatic Stress (PILOTS) database. Additional records were identified by employing the Similar Articles feature in PubMed, and the Cited Reference Search in ISI Web of Science. Reference sections of review articles, book chapters and studies selected for inclusion were searched for further studies. Ongoing studies were also sought through Clinicaltrials.gov.

Results

A total of 11 studies (n = 456 participants in total) were included in the final review. Results indicated little support for enhanced threat detection, hypervigilance and attentional avoidance. However, consistent evidence emerged for sustained attention on threat (i.e. attention maintenance) in PTSD.

Conclusions

This review is the first to systematically evaluate extant findings in PTSD emanating from eye-tracking studies employing group-comparison designs. Results suggest that sustained attention on threat might serve as a potential target for therapeutic intervention.

Keywords

Attention biaseye-trackingposttraumatic stress disordersystematic reviewtrauma exposure
Type
Review Article
Information
Psychological Medicine , Volume 49 , Issue 5 , April 2019 , pp. 705 - 726
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2018 

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