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The association of striatal volume and positive schizotypy in healthy subjects: intelligence as a moderating factor

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  18 September 2019

Tina Meller Open the ORCID record for Tina Meller [Opens in a new window] ,
Ulrich Ettinger ,
Phillip Grant  and
Igor Nenadić
Tina Meller*
Affiliation:
Cognitive Neuropsychiatry lab, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Rudolf-Bultmann-Str. 8, 35039Marburg, Germany Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior (CMBB), Hans-Meerwein-Str. 6, 35032Marburg, Germany
Ulrich Ettinger*
Affiliation:
Department of Psychology, University of Bonn, Kaiser-Karl-Ring 9, 53111Bonn, Germany
Phillip Grant
Affiliation:
Psychology School, Fresenius University of Applied Sciences, Marienburgstr. 6, 60528Frankfurt am Main, Germany Faculty of Life Science Engineering, Technische Hochschule Mittelhessen University of Applied Sciences, Giessen, Germany
Igor Nenadić
Affiliation:
Cognitive Neuropsychiatry lab, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Rudolf-Bultmann-Str. 8, 35039Marburg, Germany Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior (CMBB), Hans-Meerwein-Str. 6, 35032Marburg, Germany Marburg University Hospital – UKGM, Rudolf-Bultmann-Str. 8, 35039Marburg, Germany
*
Author for correspondence: Tina Meller, E-mail: [email protected] and Ulrich Ettinger, E-mail: [email protected]
Author for correspondence: Tina Meller, E-mail: [email protected] and Ulrich Ettinger, E-mail: [email protected]
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Abstract

Background

Schizotypy, a putative schizophrenia endophenotype, has been associated with brain-structural variations partly overlapping with those in psychotic disorders. Variations in precuneus structure have been repeatedly reported, whereas the involvement of fronto-striatal networks – as in schizophrenia – is less clear. While shared genetic architecture is thought to increase vulnerability to environmental insults, beneficial factors like general intelligence might buffer their effect.

Methods

To further investigate the role of fronto-striatal networks in schizotypy, we examined the relationship of voxel- and surface-based brain morphometry and a measure of schizotypal traits (Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire, with subscores Cognitive-Perceptual, Interpersonal, Disorganised) in 115 healthy participants [54 female, mean age (s.d.) = 27.57(8.02)]. We tested intelligence (MWT-B) as a potential moderator.

Results

We found a positive association of SPQ Cognitive-Perceptual with putamen volume (p = 0.040, FWE peak level-corrected), moderated by intelligence: with increasing IQ, the correlation of SPQ Cognitive-Perceptual and striatal volume decreased (p = 0.022). SPQ Disorganised was positively correlated with precentral volume (p = 0.013, FWE peak level-corrected). In an exploratory analysis (p < 0.001, uncorrected), SPQ total score was positively associated with gyrification in the precuneus and postcentral gyrus, and SPQ Disorganised was negatively associated with gyrification in the inferior frontal gyrus.

Conclusions

Our findings support the role of fronto-striatal networks for schizotypal features in healthy individuals, and suggest that these are influenced by buffering factors like intelligence. We conclude that protective factors, like general cognitive capacity, might attenuate the psychosis risk associated with schizotypy. These results endorse the idea of a continuous nature of schizotypy, mirroring similar findings in schizophrenia.

Keywords

Brain structureintelligencemoderationpsychotic-like experiencespsychosisschizotypystriatum
Type
Original Articles
Information
Psychological Medicine , Volume 50 , Issue 14 , October 2020 , pp. 2355 - 2363
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Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2019

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