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Altered gray matter volume and structural co-variance in adolescents with social anxiety disorder: evidence for a delayed and unsynchronized development of the fronto-limbic system

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  17 March 2020

Zhen Liu Open the ORCID record for Zhen Liu [Opens in a new window] ,
Yang Hu ,
Yiwen Zhang ,
Wenjing Liu ,
Lei Zhang ,
Yunyi Wang ,
Hanshu Yang ,
Jingyi Wu ,
Wenhong Cheng  and
Zhi Yang Open the ORCID record for Zhi Yang [Opens in a new window]
Zhen Liu
Affiliation:
Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
Yang Hu
Affiliation:
Laboratory of Psychological Health and Imaging, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
Yiwen Zhang
Affiliation:
Laboratory of Psychological Health and Imaging, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
Wenjing Liu
Affiliation:
Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
Lei Zhang
Affiliation:
Laboratory of Psychological Health and Imaging, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
Yunyi Wang
Affiliation:
Department of Psychological Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
Hanshu Yang
Affiliation:
Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
Jingyi Wu
Affiliation:
Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
Wenhong Cheng*
Affiliation:
Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China Department of Psychological Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
Zhi Yang*
Affiliation:
Laboratory of Psychological Health and Imaging, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China Institute of Psychological and Behavioral Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China Brain Science and Technology Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
*
Author for correspondence: Wenhong Cheng, E-mail: [email protected]; Zhi Yang, E-mail: [email protected]
Author for correspondence: Wenhong Cheng, E-mail: [email protected]; Zhi Yang, E-mail: [email protected]
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Abstract

Background

Social anxiety disorder (SAD) is a prevalent mental disorder diagnosed in childhood and adolescence. Theories regarding brain development and SAD suggest a close link between neurodevelopmental dysfunction at the adolescent juncture and SAD, but direct evidence is rare. This study aims to examine brain structural abnormalities in adolescents with SAD.

Methods

High-resolution T1-weighted images were obtained from 31 adolescents with SAD (15–17 years) and 42 matching healthy controls (HC). We evaluated symptom severity with the Social Anxiety Scale for Children (SASC) and the Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders (SCARED). We used voxel-based morphometry analysis to detect regional gray matter volume abnormalities and structural co-variance analysis to investigate inter-regional coordination patterns.

Results

We found significantly higher gray matter volume in the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) and the insula in adolescents with SAD compared to HC. We also observed significant co-variance of the gray matter volume between the OFC and amygdala, and the OFC and insula in HC, but these co-variance relationships diminished in SAD.

Conclusions

These findings provide the first evidence that the brain structural deficits in adolescents with SAD are not only in the core regions of the fronto-limbic system, but also represented by the diminished coordination in the development of these regions. The delayed and unsynchronized development pattern of the fronto-limbic system supports SAD as an adolescent-sensitive developmental mental disorder.

Keywords

Adolescentsbrain developmentfronto-limbicgray matter volumesocial anxiety disorderstructural co-variance
Type
Original Article
Information
Psychological Medicine , Volume 51 , Issue 10 , July 2021 , pp. 1742 - 1751
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Copyright
Copyright © The Author(s), 2020. Published by Cambridge University Press

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Footnotes

†

These authors contributed equally to this work as joint first authors.

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