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Social context and the real-world consequences of social anxiety

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  19 August 2019

Juyoen Hur ,
Kathryn A. DeYoung ,
Samiha Islam ,
Allegra S. Anderson ,
Matthew G. Barstead  and
Alexander J. Shackman
Juyoen Hur*
Affiliation:
Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD20742, USA
Kathryn A. DeYoung
Affiliation:
Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD20742, USA Department of Family Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD20742, USA
Samiha Islam
Affiliation:
Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD20742, USA
Allegra S. Anderson
Affiliation:
Department of Psychological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN37240, USA
Matthew G. Barstead
Affiliation:
Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD20742, USA Department of Human Development and Quantitative Methodology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD20742, USA
Alexander J. Shackman
Affiliation:
Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD20742, USA Neuroscience and Cognitive Science Program, University of Maryland, College Park, MD20742, USA Maryland Neuroimaging Center, University of Maryland, College Park, MD20742, USA
*
Author for correspondence: Juyoen Hur, E-mail: [email protected]
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Abstract

Background

Social anxiety lies on a continuum, and young adults with elevated symptoms are at risk for developing a range of psychiatric disorders. Yet relatively little is known about the factors that govern the hour-by-hour experience and expression of social anxiety in the real world.

Methods

Here we used smartphone-based ecological momentary assessment (EMA) to intensively sample emotional experience across different social contexts in the daily lives of 228 young adults selectively recruited to represent a broad spectrum of social anxiety symptoms.

Results

Leveraging data from over 11 000 real-world assessments, our results highlight the central role of close friends, family members, and romantic partners. The presence of such close companions was associated with enhanced mood, yet socially anxious individuals had fewer confidants and spent less time with the close companions that they do have. Although higher levels of social anxiety were associated with a general worsening of mood, socially anxious individuals appear to derive larger benefits – lower levels of negative affect, anxiety, and depression – from their close companions. In contrast, variation in social anxiety was unrelated to the amount of time spent with strangers, co-workers, and acquaintances; and we uncovered no evidence of emotional hypersensitivity to these less-familiar individuals.

Conclusions

These findings provide a framework for understanding the deleterious consequences of social anxiety in emerging adulthood and set the stage for developing improved intervention strategies.

Keywords

Affective scienceecological momentary assessment (EMA)emotionexperience sampling method (ESM)individual differencessocial anxiety
Type
Original Articles
Information
Psychological Medicine , Volume 50 , Issue 12 , September 2020 , pp. 1989 - 2000
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2019

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Footnotes

*

Contributed equally

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