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Set-shifting ability across the spectrum of eating disorders and in overweight and obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  26 February 2014

M. Wu ,
T. Brockmeyer ,
M. Hartmann ,
M. Skunde ,
W. Herzog  and
H.-C. Friederich
M. Wu
Affiliation:
Department of General Internal Medicine and Psychosomatics, University of Heidelberg, Germany
T. Brockmeyer*
Affiliation:
Department of General Internal Medicine and Psychosomatics, University of Heidelberg, Germany
M. Hartmann
Affiliation:
Department of General Internal Medicine and Psychosomatics, University of Heidelberg, Germany
M. Skunde
Affiliation:
Department of General Internal Medicine and Psychosomatics, University of Heidelberg, Germany
W. Herzog
Affiliation:
Department of General Internal Medicine and Psychosomatics, University of Heidelberg, Germany
H.-C. Friederich
Affiliation:
Department of General Internal Medicine and Psychosomatics, University of Heidelberg, Germany
*
*Address for correspondence: T. Brockmeyer, Ph.D., Department of General Internal Medicine and Psychosomatics, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany. (Email: [email protected])
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Abstract

Background.

In this meta-analysis we review the findings from neuropsychological studies on set-shifting in people with eating disorders (EDs) or overweight/obesity.

Method.

Four databases (PubMed, PsycINFO, PSYNDEX and Web of Science) were searched for eligible studies. Effect sizes (ESs) were pooled using random-effects models. Moderator analyses were conducted for ED and overweight/obese subgroups, adult/adolescent samples and measures of set-shifting.

Results.

Sixty-four studies with a total of 1825 ED patients [1394 anorexia nervosa (AN), 376 bulimia nervosa (BN) and 55 binge eating disorder (BED)] and 10 studies with a total of 449 overweight/obese individuals were included. The meta-analysis revealed a small to medium ES for inefficient set-shifting across all three ED diagnoses (Hedges’ g = –0.45). Subgroup analyses yielded small to medium ESs for each ED subtype (g = –0.44 for AN, –0.53 for BED, –0.50 for BN), which did not differ significantly. There was a medium ES for restricting type AN (ANR; g = –0.51) but no significant ES for binge/purge type AN (AN/BP; g = –0.18). A medium ES was found across obesity studies (g = –0.61). The ES across overweight studies was not significant (g = –0.07). Adult samples did not differ from adolescent samples in either ED or overweight/obesity studies. The different set-shifting measures were associated with largely varying ESs.

Conclusions.

The meta-analysis provides strong support that inefficient set-shifting is a salient neuropsychological phenomenon across ED subtypes and obesity, but is less prominent in AN/BP and overweight. Compulsivity seems to be a common underlying factor supporting a dimensional and transdiagnostic conceptualization of EDs and obesity.

Keywords

Anorexia nervosabinge eating disorderbulimia nervosacognitive flexibilitycompulsivityeating disordersobesityoverweightset-shifting
Type
Review Articles
Information
Psychological Medicine , Volume 44 , Issue 16 , December 2014 , pp. 3365 - 3385
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2014 

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